低功耗轨至轨CMOS运算放大器设计

设计了一个1.5 V低功耗轨至轨CMOS运算放大器。电路设计中为了使输入共模电压范围达到轨至轨性能,采用了NMOS管和PMOS管并联的互补差动对输入结构,并采用成比例的电流镜技术实现了输入级跨导的恒定。在中间增益级设计中,采用了适合在低压工作的低压宽摆幅共源共栅结构;在输出级设计时,为了提高效率,采用了简单的推挽共源级放大器作为输出级,使得输出电压摆幅基本上达到了轨至轨。当接100 pF电容负载和1 kΩ电阻负载时,运放的静态功耗只有290μW,直流开环增益约为76 dB,相位裕度约为69°,单位增益带宽约为1 MHz。     

一种恒跨导高增益轨到轨运算放大器

基于TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS工艺,设计了一种新颖的恒跨导高增益轨到轨运算放大器。输入级仅由NMOS管差分对构成,采用电平移位及两路复用选择器控制技术,在轨到轨共模输入范围内实现了输入级恒跨导。中间级采用折叠式共源共栅放大器结构,运算放大器能获得高增益。输出级采用前馈型AB类推挽放大器,实现轨到轨全摆幅输出。利用密勒补偿技术进行频率补偿,运算放大器工作稳定。仿真结果表明,在1.8 V电源电压下,该运算放大器的直流开环增益为129.3 dB,单位增益带宽为7.22 MHz,相位裕度为60.1°,整个轨到轨共模输入范围内跨导的变化率为1.44%。     

一种低电压恒定跨导轨到轨运算放大器的设计

设计了一种低电压恒定跨导的轨到轨运算放大器,作为误差放大器用在BUCK型DC-DC上实现对输出电压的调节。该运算放大器采用两级结构,输入级采用互补差分对的结构,实现了轨到轨电压的输入,并且利用2倍电流镜技术实现了跨导的恒定;输出级采用AB类放大器的结构,提高了输出电压摆幅和效率,实现了轨到轨电压的输出。该电路基于CSMC 0.25μm EN BCDMOS工艺进行设计,仿真结果表明:电源电压为2.8 V时,在输出端负载电容为160 pF、负载电阻为10 kΩ的情况下,增益为124 dB,单位增益带宽积为5.76 MHz,相位裕度为59.9℃,输入跨导为5.2 mΩ~(-1),共模抑制比为123 dB,输入共模信号范围为0～2.8V,输出电压摆幅为0～2.8 V。     

一种恒跨导轨对轨CMOS运算放大器的设计

设计了一种新颖的恒跨导轨对轨CMOS运算放大器结构。输入级采用轨对轨的结构,在输入级采用4个虚拟差分对管来对输入差分对的电流进行限制,使运放的输入级跨导在工作范围内保持恒定。输出级采用前馈式AB类输出结构,以使输出达到全摆幅。仿真结果显示,在5 V电源电压和带有10 pF电容与10 kΩ电阻并联的负载下,该运放在共模输入范围内实现了恒跨导,在整个共模输入范围内跨导变化率仅为3%,输出摆幅也达到了轨对轨全摆幅,运放的开环增益为108.5 dB,增益带宽积为26.7 MHz,相位裕度为76.3°。     

基于单一PMOS差分对的轨到轨输入运算放大器设计

基于国内某CMOS工艺设计了一种单一PMOS差分对的轨到轨输入、恒跨导CMOS运算放大器。输入级电路采用折叠共源共栅结构,通过体效应动态调节输入管的阈值电压扩展共模输入范围到正负电源轨,恒定共模输入范围内的跨导,自级联电流镜有源负载将差分输入转换为单端输出;输出级电路采用AB类结构实现轨到轨输出,线性跨导环确定输出管的静态偏置电流。在5 V电源电压,2.5 V共模电压,1 MΩ负载条件下,经Spectre仿真验证,该运算放大器开环增益为119 dB,相位裕度为58°,共模输入范围为0.0027～4.995 V,共模范围内跨导变化小于3%,实现了轨到轨输入共模范围内的跨导恒定。     

基于单差分对输入级的新型轨到轨运算放大器设计

本文基于CMOS工艺设计了一种新型的轨到轨集成运算放大器。对比分析传统轨到轨输入级设计的优劣,该运放选择采用单差分对输入级结构,使用耗尽型NMOS管作为输入对管,利用耗尽型NMOS管的体效应以及对输入级电路结构的优化,实现轨到轨输入,以AB类输出级结构实现轨到轨输出。经过Cadence仿真验证,工作在5 V单电源供电下,共模输入电压范围可以实现满轨0～5 V,增益高达141.1 dB,带宽1.7 MHz,相位裕度55.4°,具有较低的输入失调电压264μV、输入偏置电流9 pA。整体电路实现了近乎满轨的轨到轨的输出电压摆幅,达到轨到轨运算放大器的设计要求。     

一款基于电荷泵高压内电源的恒定跨导轨到轨运算放大器

设计了一款基于电荷泵高压内电源的恒定跨导轨到轨运算放大器.输入级采用PMOS差分对结构,通过电荷泵产生高于电源电压的输入级内电源,使运放在轨到轨输入范围能正常工作并保持输入跨导恒定.电荷泵电路所需的时钟信号通过内部振荡器电路产生,再通过电压自举电路和时序电路产生所需电平的非交叠开关控制信号,最后利用时间交织结构输出连续稳定的高压内电源.在电荷泵实现中还采用了辅助开关结合跟随运放的结构降低了主开关在切换时的毛刺.该运放在折叠式共源共栅结构中使用增益自举结构提高了总体增益,输出级采用class AB类输出结构实现轨到轨输出.该运算放大器基于0.5μm CMOS工艺完成电路与版图设计,仿真结果表明,在5 V电源电压下,直流增益为150.76 dB,单位增益带宽为53.407 MHz,相位裕度为96.1°,输入级跨导在轨到轨输入共模范围内的变化率为0.001 25%.     

一种高共模抑制比轨到轨全差分运算放大器

针对传统全差分运算放大器电路存在输入输出摆幅小和共模抑制比低的问题,提出了一种高共模抑制比轨到轨全差分运算放大器电路。电路的输入级采用基于电流补偿技术的互补差分输入对,实现较大的输入信号摆幅;中间级采用折叠式共源共栅结构,获得较大的增益和输出摆幅;输出级采用共模反馈环路控制的A类输出结构,同时对共模反馈环路进行密勒补偿,提高电路的共模抑制比和环路稳定性。提出的全差分运算放大器电路基于中芯国际(SMIC) 0.13μm CMOS工艺设计,结果表明,该电路在3.3 V供电电压下,负载电容为5 pF时,可实现轨到轨的输入输出信号摆幅;当输入共模电平为1.65 V时,直流增益为108.9 dB,相位裕度为77.5°,单位增益带宽为12.71 MHz;共模反馈环路增益为97.7 dB,相位裕度为71.3°;共模抑制比为237.7 dB,电源抑制比为209.6 dB,等效输入参考噪声为37.9 nV/Hz^1/2@100 kHz。     

一种低失调CMOS轨到轨运算放大器研究

基于CMOS工艺设计了一款轨到轨运算放大器,整体电路包括偏置电路、输入级、输出级以及ESD保护电路。电路中的输入级使用了一种全新的架构,通过一对耗尽型NMOS管作为输入管,实现轨到轨输入,同时在输入级采用了共源共栅结构,能够提供较高的共模输入范围和增益;在输出级,为了得到满摆幅输出而采用了AB类输出级;同时ESD保护电路采用传统的GGMOS电路,耐压大于2 kV。经过仿真后可知,电路的输入偏置电流为150 fA,在负载为100 kΩ的情况下,输出最高和最低电压可达距电源轨和地轨的20 mV范围内,当电源电压为5 V时能获得80 dB的CMRR和120 dB的增益,相位裕度约为50°,单位增益带宽约为1.5 MHz。     

一种恒跨导轨对轨输入/输出CMOS运算放大器

设计了一种CMOS恒跨导轨对轨输入/输出运算放大器,输入级采用负反馈技术控制尾电流,能自调整gm并使之保持恒定;输出级采用前向偏置AB类输出结构,实现轨对轨输出的同时减小了静态功耗。整个电路在5 V电源电压下,电压增益达到136 dB(1 MΩ电阻和1 pF电容并联负载),单位增益带宽为9.7 MHz,相位裕度62.4°。     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks     

Call for Papers—Feature Topic,Vol.12,No.7,2015

正Information Centric Networking Information-Centric Networking(ICN) is an emerging direction in Future Internet architecture research,gaining significant tractions among academia and industry.Aiming to replace the conventional host-to-host communication model by a data-centric model,ICN treats data content as the first     

JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS(CHINA)

正~~     

NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS NETWORKS–ESPECIALLY THE USE OF MILLI-MICROWAVE BANDS

The global bandwidth shortage of wireless communications has motivated the exploration of the naillimeter wave （ram-wave） frequency spectrum for the next generation wireless communications. Recent advances in RF CMOS technology and high speed baseband signal processing technologies have enabled tile extensive research and development of turn-wave wireless communications. The multi gigabit per second data rate of ram-wave system will lead to applications in many important scenarios, such as WPAN, WLAN,back-haul for cellular system. And the frequency bands include 28 GHz, 38 GHz, 45GHz, 60GHz, E-BAND and even beyond 100 GHz. The propagation and the imitation of the RF circuits design in these frequency bands make the directional antennas be inevitable for mm-wave communications.