心脏运动康复对PCI术后冠心病患者心肺功能及生活质量的影响

目的评价心脏运动康复对冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后患者心肺功能及生活质量的影响。方法入选确诊并已行PCI出院的冠心病患者110例,按个人意愿分为康复组和对照组各55例,收集患者的一般资料、入选时和运动治疗6月后心肺运动试验、心脏超声的相关指标及西雅图心绞痛量表(SAQ)等数据,并进行统计学分析,评估心脏运动康复对冠心病PCI术后患者心肺功能及生活质量的影响。结果 6个月运动康复治疗后,康复组患者无氧阈(AT)、最大摄氧量(VO2max)、氧脉搏(O2pulse)、最大运动时间、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、SAQ评分均优于干预前与对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0. 05)。结论心脏运动康复治疗可以改善冠心病PCI术后患者的心肺功能,提高患者的运动耐力及生活质量,是冠心病PCI术后患者二级预防的重要组成部分。     

口服和静脉水化对冠状动脉介入治疗患者尿β2微球蛋白的影响

目的:探讨口服和静脉两种水化对冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后尿β2微球蛋白的影响,从而进一步探讨对比剂肾病(CIN)的发病机制。方法:选择CIN患者90例,随机分为口服水化组和静脉水化组,口服水化组术前6h到术后6h饮水1 500ml,静脉水化组术前6h到术后6h以1ml.kg-1.h-1速度给予0.9%氯化钠注射液静滴;测定术前,术后6、24、48和72h尿β2微球蛋白。结果:术前尿β2微球蛋白水平与术后48、72h的差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组各时间点测尿β2微球蛋白水平差异无统计学意义。结论:尿β2微球蛋白在PCI术后48、72h升高,静脉水化较口服水化在CIN中未见优势。     

王冰1 吕冬梅＊

目的 探讨实时三维经食道超声心动图( real-time three -dimensional transesophageal echocardiography, RT-3D TEE)在二尖瓣成形术中的应用价值。 材料和方法 对我院确诊为二尖瓣关闭不全拟进行二尖瓣成形手术患者28例,进行常规二维经食道超声(two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography,2D TEE)检查,然后进行实时三维成像,比较RT-3D TEE和2D TEE对二尖瓣关闭不全病因及病变部位判断的准确性。结果 RT-3D TEE和2D TEE对引起二尖瓣返流病因的评价,二者准确性差异无统计学意义。二者在评价二尖瓣病变前叶脱垂时,其准确性分别为81.8%及72.7%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);二者在评价二尖瓣后叶脱垂时,准确性分别为90.5%及81.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在评价二尖瓣多区病变时,二者的准确性分别为85.7%及78.6%,差异有统计学意义;对于腱索断裂的判断,二者的准确性分别为94.7%及84.2%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 RT-3D TEE和2D TEE均能在术前对引起二尖瓣关闭不全的病因作出准确判断;对于二尖瓣脱垂具体部位及病变程度的判断,RT-3D TEE的准确性及敏感性高于2D TEE。     

早期心脏康复在急性心肌梗死患者PCI术后护理的应用分析

目的探讨早期心脏康复在急性心肌梗死患者PCI术后护理的应用效果。方法选取我院收治的80例成功实施PCI治疗的急性心肌梗死患者为研究对象,随机将其分为心脏康复组和对照组,各40例。对照组术后实施常规健康教育及卧床休息减少运动1周,心脏康复组在此基础上实施早期心脏康复干预措施,对比两组患者的干预效果。结果心脏康复组的心脏功能各指标明显优于对照组(P0.05);心脏康复组的并发症发生率、焦虑率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论早期心脏康复在急性心肌梗死患者PCI术后护理的应用具有显著的效果,值得推广。     

不同负荷量他汀对急性心肌梗死直接PCI术后心肌细胞的影响◆

目的 比较不同负荷剂量的他汀对急性心肌梗死直接PCI术后心肌细胞的影响。方法 纳入我院急性心肌梗死行急诊PCI术患者共140例,随机分为4组,负荷剂量组A(阿托伐他汀80mg,35例),负荷剂量组B(瑞舒伐他汀20mg,35例),常规剂量组C(阿托伐他汀20mg ,35例),常规剂量组D(瑞舒伐他汀5mg,35例),检测PCI前后hs-CRP、血清淀粉样蛋白(SAA)、CK-MB、cTnI、内皮素(ET-1)、一氧化氮(NO)、纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物(PAI-1),记录术后2小时18导联心电图,计算ST段回落指数(STR),比较PCI术后心肌梗死校正TIMI帧计数(CTFC),术后30天随访,测定LVEF并复查肝肾功能,记录主要心血管不良事件(MACE)。结果 PCI术后2小时 hs-CRP、SAA、CK-MB、cTnI、NO、t-PA各组均升高,但hs-CRP、SAA、CK-MB、cTnI负荷剂量组低于常规剂量组(P<0.05),NO、t-PA负荷剂量组高于常规剂量组(P<0.05); ET-1、PAI-1均降低,但负荷剂量组低于常规剂量组(P<0.05),各项指标两负荷剂量组比较未见统计学差异(P>0.05);术后2小时STR、CTFC、术后30天LVEF及主要心血管不良事件发生率,负荷剂量组均优于常规剂量组(P<0.05),两负荷剂量组比较未见统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 急性心肌梗死患者行直接PCI术前联合应用负荷量他汀能够改善术后心肌微循环灌注,进一步减少心肌细胞的坏死,改善患者短期临床预后,阿托伐他汀与瑞舒伐他汀相比较临床疗效无显著差异。     

心脏康复模式对急性心肌梗死冠状动脉介入术后患者心肺储备功能及生命质量的影响

目的:观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后患者经心脏康复模式干预效果,指导未来AMI PCI术后合理心脏康复干预的实施.方法:前瞻选取2019年7月至2020年12月,中山医院青浦分院心内科60例接受PCI治疗的AMI患者,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和心脏康复组,各30例.对照组接受常规干预,心...     

急性心肌梗死患者PCI术后的心脏康复现状及进展

<正>由于人们生活方式的变化和生活水平的提高,人群中当中冠心病、高血压等心血管疾病的发病率也随之增加,其中急性心肌梗死(AMI)明显增加~(〔1〕)。同时随着医疗水平的提高,越来越多的AMI患者得到经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)治疗的机会也大大增加,这也使得AMI患者PCI术后相应的心脏康复在冠心病患者心脏康复当中所占得比重也显著增加了。1 AMI患者PCI术后心脏康复的目的与意义     

β2整合素CD11/CD18与动脉粥样硬化

动脉粥样硬化是有免疫系统参与的慢性炎症反应性疾病,CD11/CD18在其炎性反应中发挥重要作用。CD11/CD18缺失或阻断可通过减少白细胞粘附、脂纹形成,干预经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术术后狭窄、再狭窄过程等多个环节影响动脉粥样硬化的形成过程。这些研究深化了对动脉粥样硬化分子机制的认识,以CD18为新靶点的药物,可能会给临床动脉粥样硬化性疾病的预防、诊断和治疗带来新的突破。     

中国经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后康复程序(试用稿)

国内、外研究证明经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后的患者是适合心脏康复的对象[1,2];PCI后患者经心脏康复医疗(教育、运动、)较对照组可显著增加运动贮量[3～5,11,12],降低血脂水平[5,11,12],显著改善心功能,减少心肌耗氧量[7,8],显著减少再狭窄[9,11] ,减少并发症[11,12].     

自我管理模式在冠心病PCI术后出院患者心脏康复中的应用

目的探讨规范化自我模式对冠心病PCI术后出院患者心脏康复的影响。方法将100例冠心病PCI术后患者根据出院日期分为对照组和实验组,对照组予常规出院指导和门诊随访方式,干预组在此基础上实施规范化的自我管理模式,比较两组患者出院时、出院后1年评价患者康复知识知晓情况,危险因素控制达标率,药物使用依从性,主要心脏不良事件发生率。结果两组患者出院时心脏康复知识知晓情况,危险因素控制达标率,无显著差异性(P0.05),出院后1年实验组各项指标优于对照组(P0.05)。结论规范化的自我管理模式干预有助于冠心病PCI术后出院患者保持良好的健康行为,促进患者心脏的康复,改善患者预后。     

Efficacy of hirudin in reducing cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing early percutaneous coronary intervention.

AIMS: Although hirudin is superior to unfractionated heparin for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, or refractory ischaemia in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome, it is not clear whether hirudin is also of benefit in acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing early percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the OASIS 2 trial, 10 141 patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome were randomized to 72 h of intravenous hirudin or unfractionated heparin. Percutaneous coronary intervention was performed at the discretion of the investigator. One hundred and seventeen patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention within the first 72 h ("early percutaneous coronary intervention"). In patients undergoing early percutaneous coronary intervention, hirudin compared with unfractionated heparin was associated with a significantly lower incidence of death or myocardial infarction at 96 h (6.4% vs 21.4%, OR 0.30; 95% CI: 0.10-0.88) and 35 days (6.4% vs 22.9%, OR 0.25; 95% CI: 0.07-0.86). In the unfractionated heparin group, death or myocardial infarction was significantly higher at 35 days in patients undergoing early percutaneous coronary intervention compared with those managed conservatively (22.9% vs 7.3%, OR 3.14, P<0.001) but this early percutaneous coronary intervention-related hazard was not observed in hirudin-treated patients (6.4% vs 6.8%, OR 0.94 P=1.0). A time-dependent covariate for percutaneous coronary intervention was not significant in a Cox regression model, suggesting a similar treatment benefit with hirudin before and after percutaneous coronary intervention. After adjustment for percutaneous coronary intervention propensity, the benefits of hirudin remained significant. There were three major bleeds in patients undergoing early percutaneous coronary intervention, all in patients randomized to hirudin. CONCLUSION: In patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome undergoing early percutaneous coronary intervention, a direct thrombin inhibitor such as hirudin may be more effective than heparin in reducing the incidence of ischaemic complications.     

冠状动脉支架术后支架内亚急性血栓形成(附5例报告)

目的评价和探讨支架内亚急性血栓（SAT）的发生机制和预防。方法随访和分析2004-2007年5例冠心病患者支架置入术后发生SAT患者的临床和冠脉造影特点。结果（1）在529例冠心病支架置入患者中有5例（0.94%）发生SAT,多于术后2～5d出现。其中3例冠脉造影证实SAT,积极治疗后6个月冠脉造影随访支架内无再狭窄;2例可能为SAT;死亡2例,1例在院外死亡,均为未及时介入治疗。（2）上述5例患者中3例表现为ST抬高型心肌梗死,1例表现为急性左心衰,心源性休克,1例表现为不稳定性心绞痛。4例患者为药物洗脱支架后SAT,1例为裸支架后SAT。结论支架内SAT可能与C型病变,术中支架贴壁不良,急性心肌梗死有关,及时介入治疗可以减少不良后果的发生。     

Percutaneous coronary intervention for iatrogenic occlusion of the circumflex artery after mitral anuloplasty

We describe a patient with obstruction of the dominant circumflex artery after surgical repair of the mitral valve, repaired successfully with percutaneous coronary intervention during the immediate postoperative period. We discuss the etiology, prevention and management of this complication with special emphasis on percutaneous intervention.     

Latent plaque rupture in a patient undergoing stenting for acute coronary syndrome and diffuse coronary disease: a case report and review of literature.

Secondary prevention of plaque rupture following percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute coronary syndrome is not well studied. This case report describes a 53-year-old man who experienced plaque rupture between two previously successfully implanted stents in the right coronary artery, as documented during the 3rd intervention using intravascular ultrasound.     

Percutaneous management of inferior epigastric artery injury after cardiac catheterization

Inferior epigastric artery injury after cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention is sporadically reported in the literature, yet it is a serious complication that can lead to life‐threatening retroperitoneal hemorrhage and poor clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention. We present two cases of inferior epigastric artery injury from inadvertent puncture during cardiac catheterization and a discussion in the management and prevention of this potentially fatal complication. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Clinical evidence for a health benefit from cardiac rehabilitation: an update

The recent decision by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to expand the indications for cardiac rehabilitation (CR) provides an opportunity to review the clinical evidence of the efficacy of exercise in the CR setting for patients who have experienced an acute myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, stable angina, percutaneous coronary intervention, chronic heart failure, cardiac transplant, or cardiac valve repair/replacement. Evidence shows that physician-directed, exercise-based CR positively affects the basic pathophysiology of coronary artery disease, the extent of disability and level of quality of life, and the ability to potentially impact events of both morbidity and mortality. The role of CR, including regular exercise, lifestyle modification, and appropriate medical therapy, is effective in younger and older men and women with cardiac diagnoses. The efficacy of this important therapeutic modality warrants its more widespread application.     

Effect of cardiac rehabilitation on functional outcomes after coronary revascularization

Background Current guidelines recommending cardiac rehabilitation (CR) after coronary revascularization are largely based on early studies that evaluated only a subset of the population and failed to assess the impact of CR on a patient's perception of their functional status. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of CR in a diverse contemporary population on patient functional outcomes. Methods We studied the effect of CR on 6-month SF-36 Physical Functioning (PF) in 700 patients (mean age 67 ± 11 years, 37% women) who underwent coronary bypass grafting or percutaneous intervention from August 1998 to July 2000. Results Overall CR participation was 24%. At baseline, CR participants had higher PF (mean 62.5 vs 52.5, P < .001). After adjusting for baseline clinical variables and PF score, CR was associated with significant improvement in 6-month PF (+5.0, 95% CI 1.0-9.0). This improvement was observed in all patient subgroups, but tended to be greater in magnitude in men versus women, patients aged <70 years versus ≥70 years, and patients with coronary bypass grafting versus patients with percutaneous intervention. CR participants also tended to be more likely to engage in regular exercise (63% vs 55%, P = .06) and modify their diet (82% vs 73%, P = .07). Rates of rehospitalization and repeat revascularization were similar among CR participants and nonparticipants. Conclusions CR after coronary revascularization is associated with improved functional outcomes and adoption of secondary preventive measures. Innovative strategies to facilitate CR enrollment and tailoring programs to better address the needs of all patient subgroups would extend these benefits to more eligible patients. (Am Heart J 2003;145:445-51.)     

缬沙坦预防冠脉支架术后再狭窄的研究进展

冠状动脉介入治疗是目前冠状动脉性心脏病治疗的重要方法,主要包括经皮腔内血管成形术和支架植入术,但术后再狭窄成为另一个难以解决的问题。研究发现,新生内膜过度增长是支架植入术后再狭窄的主要原因,主要与血管平滑肌细胞的过度增殖与迁移以及分泌大量的细胞外基质有关,而且,血管紧张素Ⅱ能促进再狭窄的发展。目前的一些研究显示血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂缬沙坦可能降低支架术后的再狭窄率。现对缬沙坦预防冠状动脉支架术后再狭窄的最新进展作一综述。     

Clopidogrel and risk for acute coronary events

Clopidogrel bisulfate is a potent adenosine diphosphate receptor blocker that irreversibly inhibits platelet aggregation by preventing the activation of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa pathway. This helps to prevent thrombus formation and resultant ischemic or thrombotic complications. Clopidogrel was proven to be superior to aspirin in the treatment of atherothrombotic diseases. Clopidogrel plus aspirin, known as dual antiplatelet therapy, is highly effective in patients with acute coronary syndromes or undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. There is no apparent benefit of dual antiplatelet therapy in primary prevention. In this article, we review the benefits of clopidogrel as an antiplatelet agent and its role in the management of acute coronary syndromes and following percutaneous coronary intervention.     

Completeness of Revascularization as a Determinant of Outcome: A Contemporary Review and Clinical Perspectives

It has been debated whether patients with multivessel coronary artery disease should undergo complete revascularization (CR). The benefit of CR is biologically plausible, and numerous studies and large meta-analyses suggested that CR achievement was associated with a substantial reduction of mortality and future coronary events. In patients with multivessel coronary artery disease, the aim of myocardial revascularization is to minimize residual ischemia. Therefore, CR of all significant coronary lesions has been proposed as the first priority in decision-making for myocardial revascularization between coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Reflecting the contemporary practice of ischemia-based revascularization, a physiological/functional approach, such as measurement of fractional flow reserve or instantaneous wave-free ratio, is considered more reasonable and should be encouraged for appropriate CR. In patients who present with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction, current evidence suggests that an immediate or staged CR strategy might be equivalent or superior to culprit-only revascularization. There is still uncertainty on when and how to perform CR in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients; comprehensive studies dedicated to this issue are required. Hybrid coronary revascularization includes the advantages of minimally invasive bypass grafting for the left anterior descending artery and PCI for non-left anterior descending arteries and has been proposed as a viable alternative for coronary artery bypass grafting or PCI only for achieving CR. In clinical practice, the extent of revascularization and strategy for CR should be individualized, taking account of different aspects of the patients, lesions, and treating physicians. Collaboration of coronary heart teams would confer balanced decision-making and advanced therapeutic capabilities.