近20年成都市植被覆盖度动态变化检测及原因分析

利用1992年、2001年和2009年的TM遥感数据,采用归一化差值植被指数(NDVI)和像元二分法模型得到成都市植被覆盖度变化灰度图及变化等级图,从而客观、定量地得出了近20a来植被覆盖度的变化状况,对于成都市制订调节气候、恢复植被、预防自然灾害等城市发展规划具有实际意义.数据分析结果表明,1992-2009年间,成...     

基于CHRIS数据的HDVI植被指数的植被覆盖度估算研究

选取江西省余干县的一景CHRIS/PROBA影像5个观测角度(±55°、0°和±36°)的反射率,在CHRIS数据处理后得到的NDVI基础上得到HDVI,并与野外实测的草地、灌木、针叶林、针阔林和阔叶林的VFC建立相关性分析,以及对于模型拟合度的决定系数R2的影响因素进行分析。结果表明,在±55°下,针阔林的多项式拟合度最高,植被类型模型的拟合度均值也最高。其次是灌木拟合度较高。最差的是针叶林指数模型,植被类型的整体拟合度最不理想。在±36°下,针阔林多项式拟合度最高,植被类型的整体拟合度也最高,其次是阔叶林拟合度较高。最差的是针叶林的指数模型,植被类型的整体拟合度也是最不理想的。     

南方丘陵区植被覆盖度遥感估算的地形效应评估

植被覆盖变化是生态环境领域的核心研究内容之一,但其估算精度常受到地形效应、土壤背景、大气效应等各种因素影响。以Landsat 8 OLI为遥感数据源,基于像元二分模型,分别利用归一化差值植被指数(NDVI)、经Cosine-C校正的归一化差值植被指数(NDVI)和归一化差值山地植被指数(NDMVI)建立植被覆盖度估算模型,以评估南方丘陵区植被覆盖度的地形效应。结果表明,3种植被覆盖度估算模型均能削弱地形效应,但消除或抑制地形效应影响的能力不同。比较而言,基于NDMVI指数构建的植被覆盖度估算模型的地形效应最小,更适合地形复杂区域的植被覆盖度遥感估算;基于Cosine-C校正的NDVI植被指数构建的植被覆盖度估算模型的地形效应次之,但存在一定的过度校正现象;基于NDVI植被指数构建的植被覆盖度估算模型的地形效应最大,尤其当坡度≥10°时,阴坡植被覆盖度比阳坡明显偏低。     

基于植被覆盖度的植被变化分析

植被覆盖度是衡量地表植被状况的一个最重要的指标,也是影响土壤侵蚀与水土流失的主要因子,对于区域环境变化和监测研究具有重要意义。为了有效地从遥感资料中提取植被覆盖度,以像元线性分解模型两个重要参数为基础,建立基于归一化植被指数(NDVI)进行估算植被覆盖度的模型。最后以杭州地区为实验样区,利用MODIS影像数据对覆盖度进行估算,并对样区的植被变化进行分析。     

利用不同植被指数估算植被覆盖度的比较研究

选用蔬菜地和草地2种植被类型,利用ASD光谱仪实测二者在不同覆盖度下的光谱响应,分析了归一化植被指数(NDVI)、差值植被指数(DVI)、比值植被指数(RVI)、修正植被指数(MVI)、修改型土壤调节植被指数(MSAVI)以及全球环境监测植被指数(GEMI)等6种植被指数所用的最佳波段及其组合,进而研究了利用像元二分模型估算植被覆盖度时的不同植被指数的表现.结果表明,与蔬菜地植被指数相关系数较高的波段组合为620 ～ 740 nm谱段和780 ～ 900 nm谱段内波段的组合,与草地植被指数相关系数较高的波段组合为620 ～750 nm谱段和760 ～900 nm谱段内波段的组合,相关系数均达0.8以上;在高光谱数据构建的植被指数和模拟卫星数据构建的植被指数中,用DVI和MSAVI估算植被覆盖度,平均总体精度分别达到83.7％和79.5％,与其他4种植被指数相比,这2种指数更适合于利用像元二分模型进行植被覆盖度的估算.     

植被指数在植被覆盖度测算中的应用

植被覆盖度作为植被生长状况的直观量化指标,在水文、气象、生态等方面的区域或全球性问题研究中起越来越重要的作用,植被覆盖度的测算是否精准很大程度上影响着相关研究结论是否科学合理。综述了植被覆盖度的测算与应用,重点探讨了用植被指数测算植被覆盖度的方法,并分析了各种方法的特点、优势及其存在的问题。同时指出未来在遥感技术用植被指数测算植被覆盖度的趋势。     

陕西省1998～2008年植被覆盖度的时空变化研究

以1998-04～2008-07的372景逐旬SPOT4VEGETATION数据(S10)为主要数据源,利用MVC法、一元线性回归趋势分析法和差值法,分析1998～2007年陕西省年最大化NDVI的变化趋势,并对年最大化NDVI和月最大化NDVI的年际变化规律和陕西省植被覆盖度动态变化及其空间分布规律进行分析。结果表明,1998～2008年间,年最大化NDVI整体呈变好的趋势,但是月最大化NDVI的年际变化趋势在不同月份存在很大的差异;年最大化NDVI和月最大化NDVI在每相邻2a间的变化均存在很大差异,植被退化与改善波动出现;1998～2008年陕西各地区植被覆盖度变化是很明显的,一般8、9月份植被覆盖度最高。从空间分布上看,陕北北部地区(榆林市的东南部和延安市北部地区)植被覆盖度显著增加,宝鸡市中南部、西安市、商洛和安康部分地区植被改善也较明显。     

基于TM数据的植被覆盖度反演

本文首先对TM影像进行了几何纠正、辐射校正、大气校正;然后根据混合像元的结构特征,利用TM数据从植被指数(NDVI)中采用“等密度模型”和“非密度模型”提取了宜昌南部地区的植被覆盖度。在用“非密度模型”反演植被覆盖度的过程中,叶面积指数(LAI)是一个必要的参数,本文提出了一种改进的借助可见光波段和近红外波段反射值来提取叶面积指数(LAI)的方法。通过和MODIS数据反演结果比较表明:“非密度模型”的估算精度要高于“等密度模型”;利用“等密度模型”和“非密度模型”反演植被覆盖度是可行。     

植被覆盖度遥感估算方法研究进展

植被覆盖度是重要的生态环境参数之一,遥感影像能够反映不同空间尺度的植被覆盖信息及其变化趋势,故遥感监测是获取区域植被覆盖度参数的一个重要手段.植被指数是反映地表植被覆盖、生物量等的间接指标,基于植被指数的植被覆盖度遥感估算方法有经验模型法、植被指数法、像元分解模型法及FCD模型制图法(Forest Canopy Density Mapping Model)等,基于决策树分类法和人工神经网络分类法的植被覆盖度遥感估算方法也有了一定的进展.本文综合分析讨论了目前常用的于遥感影像的植被覆盖度常用估算方法,对比分析了它们的优缺点,并对遥感植被覆盖度研究进行了展望.     

兰州市南北两山植被覆盖度动态变化遥感监测

本文基于植被指数(NDVI)和植被覆盖度像元分解模型,建立了兰州市南北两山植被覆盖度遥感定量模型,在此基础上研究了兰州市南北两山1991年和2006年两个时期的植被覆盖度动态变化,结果表明:1991-2006年兰州市南北两山绿化工程区植被覆盖度总体呈上升趋势,低植被覆盖度面积减小,中高和高植被覆盖度面积增加,其中七里河工程区植被覆盖度变化最为明显,绿化效果较好,安宁工程区绿化效果相对较差,结果可为兰州市南北两山绿化工程提供科学依据。     

Estimating fractional vegetation cover and the vegetation index of bare soil and highly dense vegetation with a physically based method

Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of highly dense vegetation (NDVI_v) and bare soil (NDVI_s), identified as the key parameters for Fractional Vegetation Cover (FVC) estimation, are usually obtained with empirical statistical methods However, it is often difficult to obtain reasonable values of NDVI_v and NDVI_s at a coarse resolution (e.g., 1 km), or in arid, semiarid, and evergreen areas. The uncertainty of estimated NDVI_s and NDVI_v can cause substantial errors in FVC estimations when a simple linear mixture model is used. To address this problem, this paper proposes a physically based method. The leaf area index (LAI) and directional NDVI are introduced in a gap fraction model and a linear mixture model for FVC estimation to calculate NDVI_v and NDVI_s. The model incorporates the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) model parameters product (MCD43B1) and LAI product, which are convenient to acquire. Two types of evaluation experiments are designed 1) with data simulated by a canopy radiative transfer model and 2) with satellite observations. The root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) for simulated data is less than 0.117, depending on the type of noise added on the data. In the real data experiment, the RMSD for cropland is 0.127, for grassland is 0.075, and for forest is 0.107. The experimental areas respectively lack fully vegetated and non-vegetated pixels at 1 km resolution. Consequently, a relatively large uncertainty is found while using the statistical methods and the RMSD ranges from 0.110 to 0.363 based on the real data. The proposed method is convenient to produce NDVI_v and NDVI_s maps for FVC estimation on regional and global scales.     

Seasonal trend analysis (STA) of MODIS vegetation index time series for the mangrove canopy of the Teacapan-Agua Brava lagoon system,Mexico

Monthly time series, from 2001 to 2016, of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from MOD13Q1 products were analyzed with Seasonal Trend Analysis (STA), assessing seasonal and long-term changes in the mangrove canopy of the Teacapan-Agua Brava lagoon system, the largest mangrove ecosystem in the Mexican Pacific coast. Profiles from both vegetation indices described similar phenological trends, but the EVI was more sensitive in detecting intra-annual changes. We identified a seasonal cycle dominated by Laguncularia racemosa and Rhizophora mangle mixed patches, with the more closed canopy occurring in the early autumn, and the maximum opening in the dry season. Mangrove patches dominated by Avicennia germinans displayed seasonal peaks in the winter. Curves fitted for the seasonal vegetation indices were better correlated with accumulated precipitation and solar radiation among the assessed climate variables (Pearson’s correlation coefficients, estimated for most of the variables, were r ≥ 0.58 p < 0.0001), driving seasonality for tidal basins with mangroves dominated by L. racemosa and R. mangle. For tidal basins dominated by A. germinans, the maximum and minimum temperatures and monthly precipitation fit better seasonally with the vegetation indices (r ≥ 0.58, p < 0.0001). Significant mangrove canopy reductions were identified in all the analyzed tidal basins (z values for the Mann-Kendall test ≤ ?1.96), but positive change trends were recorded in four of the basins, while most of the mangrove canopy (approximately 87%) displayed only seasonal canopy changes or canopy recovery (z > ?1.96). The most resilient mangrove forests were distributed in tidal basins dominated by L. racemosa and R. mangle (Mann-Kendal Tau t ≥ 0.4, p ≤ 0.03), while basins dominated by A. germinans showed the most evidence of disturbance.     

Spectra and vegetation index variations in moss soil crust in different seasons,and in wet and dry conditions

Similar to vascular plants, non-vascular plant mosses have different periods of seasonal growth. There has been little research on the spectral variations of moss soil crust (MSC) over different growth periods. Few studies have paid attention to the difference in spectral characteristics between wet MSC that is photosynthesizing and dry MSC in suspended metabolism. The dissimilarity of MSC spectra in wet and dry conditions during different seasons needs further investigation. In this study, the spectral reflectance of wet MSC, dry MSC and the dominant vascular plant (Artemisia) were characterized in situ during the summer (July) and autumn (September). The variations in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), biological soil crust index (BSCI) and CI (crust index) in different seasons and under different soil moisture conditions were also analyzed. It was found that (1) the spectral characteristics of both wet and dry MSCs varied seasonally; (2) the spectral features of wet MSC appear similar to those of the vascular plant, Artemisia, whether in summer or autumn; (3) both in summer and in autumn, much higher NDVI values were acquired for wet than for dry MSC (0.6 ∼ 0.7 vs. 0.3 ∼ 0.4 units), which may lead to misinterpretation of vegetation dynamics in the presence of MSC and with the variations in rainfall occurring in arid and semi-arid zones; and (4) the BSCI and CI values of wet MSC were close to that of Artemisia in both summer and autumn, indicating that BSCI and CI could barely differentiate between the wet MSC and Artemisia.     

Spatiotemporal analysis of vegetation variability and its relationship with climate change in China

This paper investigated spatiotemporal dynamic pattern of vegetation, climate factor, and their complex relationships from seasonal to inter-annual scale in China during the period 1982–1998 through wavelet transform method based on GIMMS data-sets. First, most vegetation canopies demonstrated obvious seasonality, increasing with latitudinal gradient. Second, obvious dynamic trends were observed in both vegetation and climate change, especially the positive trends. Over 70% areas were observed with obvious vegetation greening up, with vegetation degradation principally in the Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta, and desert. Overall warming trend was observed across the whole country (>98% area), stronger in Northern China. Although over half of area (58.2%) obtained increasing rainfall trend, around a quarter of area (24.5%), especially the Central China and most northern portion of China, exhibited significantly negative rainfall trend. Third, significantly positive normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)–climate relationship was generally observed on the de-noised time series in most vegetated regions, corresponding to their synchronous stronger seasonal pattern. Finally, at inter-annual level, the NDVI–climate relationship differed with climatic regions and their long-term trends: in humid regions, positive coefficients were observed except in regions with vegetation degradation; in arid, semiarid, and semihumid regions, positive relationships would be examined on the condition that increasing rainfall could compensate the increasing water requirement along with increasing temperature. This study provided valuable insights into the long-term vegetation–climate relationship in China with consideration of their spatiotemporal variability and overall trend in the global change process.     

基于MODIS数据的湖北省油菜种植分布信息提取

MODIS归一化差值植被指数(MODIS-normalized difference vegetation index,MODIS-NDVI)时间序列产品能够连续反映植被的覆盖情况,是农作物遥感测量的重要数据源。为研究基于MODIS数据的油菜种植分布信息提取技术,选取湖北省为研究区,利用2008—2013年75个时相的MODIS-NDVI时序数据,结合农作物物候和地面调查样本等辅助资料,通过建立油菜种植面积提取模型,采用多次阈值比较方法提取了2009—2013年湖北省油菜种植分布信息,与统计数据比较,总体提取精度为85%左右。最后利用环境小卫星HJ-1A CCD数据进行精度验证,证明了MODIS-NDVI时序数据及本文方法在油菜种植面积提取中的可靠性,对掌握油菜种植面积和产量信息、加强农业生产管理、调整农业结构及辅助政府有关部门制定科学合理的农业政策具有重要意义。     

中国西部地区基于经验模型的土壤水分反演

地表土壤水分含量的时空分布信息是十分重要的,常常作为水文模型、气候模型、生态模型的输入参数,同时,也是干旱预报、农作物估产等工作的重要指标。被动微波遥感是监测土壤含水量最有效的手段之一。相比红外与可见光,它具有波长长,穿透能力强的优势。相比主动微波雷达,被动微波辐射计具有监测面积大、周期短,受粗糙度影响小,对土壤水分更为敏感,算法更为成熟的优势。目前,已研究出许多反演土壤水分的方法.本课题的主要内容是借助AMSR-E土壤水分影像数据、MODIS归一化植被指数(NDVI)影像数据和MODIS分类影像数据,利用ENVI软件进行遥感图像数据处理,运用统计分析方法建立NDVI与土壤水分的经验模型,研究中国西部地区稀疏植被覆盖区土壤水分的反演。     

像元分解模型的植被覆盖度遥感估算

为了提高植被覆盖度遥感估算方法的精度,该文针对置信度方法和空间克里金插值方法各自存在的问题,基于线性像元二分模型,分别采用置信度方法和空间克里金插值方法计算推导,确定像元二分模型中两个重要参数NDVIveg和NDVIsoil,实现估算植被覆盖度,并对两种方法进行对比分析,同时提出方法中存在的问题以及模型的优化改进方向。     

基于生态参数的岩溶峰丛区石灰岩基岩表面溶蚀率遥感反演

为了探索岩溶峰丛区生态参数与石灰岩基岩表面溶蚀率的相关性,用相关生态参数反演土层下石灰岩基岩表面的溶蚀率,从而间接估算其变形。选择桂林丫吉村岩溶峰丛区为研究区,以Landsat5 TM多光谱数据为信息源,提取归一化差值植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)、地面温度及土壤湿度等遥感参数;运用SPSS统计软件对这3种参数分别与石灰岩溶蚀率进行了相关分析,确定其相关系数分别为-0.91,0.85及0.93;在此基础上,通过逐步回归分析,建立了运用NDVI估算植被覆盖下石灰岩表面溶蚀率的遥感反演模型。结果表明:NDVI与石灰岩溶蚀率相关性最大,所以植被信息是石灰岩表层基岩溶蚀的主要间接标志;溶蚀率与NDVI指数存在线性关系,因此只要已知研究区其他地区的NDVI指数,即可估算出该地区的石灰岩基岩表面溶蚀率。