微晶白云母负载纳米TiO2及其光催化性能研究

以微晶白云母为载体,钛酸丁酯为钛源,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成制备微晶白云母负载纳米TiO2光催化剂,然后用X射线衍射,扫描电镜等对微晶白云母负载TiO2光催化剂进行表征。再以微晶白云母负载纳米TiO2光催化剂对亚甲基蓝进行了光催化降解研究,特别针对有无紫外光照射条件下微晶白云母、纳米TiO2、微晶白云母/纳米TiO2等在亚甲基蓝溶液中的行为进行研究,结果表明:所制备的微晶白云母负载TiO2光催化剂对亚甲基蓝具有较好的光催化降解能力,1250目微晶白云母负载TiO2在紫外光照射下光催化反应4h,其降解率可达99%以上。     

蒙脱石基纳米FeOOH/TiO2复合材料的制备与光催化活性研究

以蒙脱石为基底,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备二氧化钛/蒙脱石(TiO2/Mmt)复合光催化材料,通过Fe(NO3)3-HNO3体系水解生长纳米FeOOH,从而制备出负载型羟基氧化铁/二氧化钛/蒙脱石(FeOOH/TiO3/Mmt)复合光催化材料以改善材料在可见光下的光催化性能.高分辨透射电镜的表征结果显示,FeOOH/TiO2复合薄膜厚度约为10～40 nm,TiO2为晶粒粒径约为5～10nm的锐钛矿,FeOOH为长10～30 nm,宽约4 nm的针铁矿.以甲基橙为目标物,对FeOOH/TiO2/Mmt复合材料的光催化性能进行初探,在甲基橙初始浓度为5 mg/L,催化剂用量为1.875 g/L,H2O2初始浓度为2 mmol/L,pH值为6.5,350 W氙灯照射1 h,甲基橙脱色率达到99%,明显优于相同条件下TiO2/Mint对甲基橙的45%脱色率;同时甲基橙残液的红外光谱图显示FeOOH/TiO2/Mmt/H2O2/UV体系比FeOOH/TiO2/Mint/H2O2/Visible light体系具备更好的光催化氧化苯环的能力,降解更为彻底.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备掺铈纳米TiO2光催化剂降解NO2-的研究

利用X射线粉晶衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜等方法分析煅烧温度、保温时间等因素对以溶胶-凝胶法制备的纳米TiO2及掺铈纳米TiO2光催化剂的相组成、晶粒大小的影响,煅烧温度升高使晶粒粒径增大并使物相组成发生改变,保温时间增加使晶粒粒径增大以及结晶度增高;利用所制备样品对亚硝酸盐进行光催化降解试验研究,结果表明样品的制备条件、光催化剂的晶粒大小、光催化时间对亚硝酸盐的降解率有重要影响,铈的掺入有利于提高亚硝酸盐的降解率,掺铈量在1％～3％范围内,亚硝酸盐的光催化降解率随掺铈量的增加而提高。     

TiO2/浮石复合材料降解有机污染物亚甲基蓝的实验研究

利用天然浮石的孔隙结构和小比重等特点,以浮石为原料、TiOSO4为TiO2前驱体,采用水热合成法,在200℃、15 h条件下,制备出可漂浮的TiO2/浮石复合材料.采用10×10-5mol/L亚甲基蓝水溶液,在紫外光下进行光催化实验.并用紫外可见分光光度计检测亚甲基蓝浓度变化.实验结果表明,TiO2/浮石复合材料能够降解亚甲基蓝.该材料的孔隙结构对亚甲基蓝有聚集作用,促进了负载的TiO2的光催化性能的发挥.因为成本低廉,性能优越,TiO2/浮石复合材料在有机污染物治理方面具有很大的应用潜力.     

TiO2/蛭石复合材料的制备及光催化性能研究

以天然层状蛭石为载体,钛酸四丁酯为钛源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2/蛭石复合光催化材料,利用XRD、SEM、TG-DTA、FTIR和BET等分析技术对催化剂进行了表征,通过对甲基橙溶液的降解实验检测了其光催化活性。探讨了催化剂用量、甲基橙初始浓度、pH值、煅烧温度等对光催化效率的影响规律。结果表明:采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的TiO2/蛭石经过200℃焙烧后,具有较好的光催化效率,利用300 W的高压汞灯紫外光辐照90 min,甲基橙溶液的脱色率达99%,COD去除率达81%。     

天然沸石负载二氧化钛光催化剂的制备与性能研究

以钛酸丁酯为钛源，天然沸石为载体，用溶胶．凝胶法制备了天然沸石负载TiO2光催化剂，用紫外可见吸收光谱、比表面积、红外光谱和X射线衍射等分析技术对沸石负载TiO2光催化剂进行了表征，以甲基橙为目标降解染料，考察了TiO2负载量、催化剂用量、热处理温度等不同条件下催化剂的光催化活性，结果表明，用天然沸石为载体所制得的TiO2光催化剂对于甲基橙具有较好的光催化降解效果。     

活性炭颗粒负载TiO2的光催化性能研究

文章研究了溶胶-凝胶法制备活性炭颗粒负载TiO2的光催化作用.以20W紫外灯作光源,酸性大红染料为目标物,探讨光催化剂的最佳制备条件.实验结果表明,当钛酸四丁脂与无水乙醇按1:8比例制备Ti02溶胶,活性炭颗粒浸涂凝胶一次,在450℃煅烧2h,酸性大红染料的降解率可达78%.当溶胶掺杂Fe(3 )时,可增强光催化效果,实验表明120min对酸性大红染料废水的光催化降解率由78%提高到97%.     

钛柱撑蒙脱石光催化降解亚甲基蓝的实验研究

采用TiCl4水解法制备钛柱化剂与钠蒙脱石离子交换后,自然风干、焙烧得到具有稳定层结构、大晶面间距(2.26 nm)和大比表面积(285.7 m2/g)的钛柱撑蒙脱石(Ti-PILM)。用制备的Ti-PILM对亚甲基蓝(MB)进行紫外光作用下的光催化降解实验,并与层结构不规则的Ti-PILM在相同条件下对MB的光催化效果进行对比,研究MB的初始浓度、Ti-PILM投放量、pH对光催化降解效果的影响。结果表明,室温条件下,降解时间120 min,当Ti-PILM投样量等于2 g/L,MB初始浓度为50 mg/L,pH为7时,Ti-PILM对MB降解速度最高。与纳米TiO2不同,Ti-PILM对MB的降解率和降解初速率与MB在其表面的吸附行为密切相关。     

掺铁二氧化钛薄膜的自组装制备、表征与光催化性能研究

采用自组装方法于低温液相反应体系中成功制备出大尺寸二维纳米二氧化钛薄膜和掺铁二氧化钛薄膜。样品通过荧光发射光谱、拉曼光谱、高分辨透射电镜等方法进行表征,并研究了紫外光和可见光下Fe3+/TiO2纳米薄膜对甲基橙溶液(MO)的光催化降解过程,探讨了Fe3+对TiO2的光催化活性的影响。结果表明,此方法不需要高温煅烧即可得到高催化活性的金红石和锐钛矿混合型二氧化钛薄膜,以金红石为主。Fe3+掺杂明显提高了TiO2对甲基橙溶液的光催化降解效率:掺杂Fe3+浓度为0.5 mmol/L时光催化效果最优,且更利于较低浓度甲基橙溶液的降解,在紫外光和可见光下对初始浓度5 mg/L甲基橙溶液的降解率分别达到98.62%和89.24%。     

H_2O_2增效TiO_2/凹凸棒石光催化体系降解亚甲基蓝

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,天然凹凸棒石为载体,采用溶胶凝胶法制备了TiO_2/凹凸棒石复合光催化剂,并用XRD、TEM对其进行表征.以亚甲基蓝染料为模拟污染物,采用300 W汞灯为紫外光源,以光催化实验来评价该催化剂的活性,并研究了H_2O_2的引入对光催化活性的影响.实验结果表明,H_2O_2能显著提高染料的脱色效率:亚甲基蓝的初始浓度为50 mg/L,催化体系为2 mmol/L H_2O_2+0.5 g/L TiO_2/凹凸棒石+UV(紫外线),光催化10 min后其脱色率为95%,相对于单独的0.5 g/L TiO_2/凹凸棒石+UV催化体系,其脱色率提高了约50%.全波段扫描显示,加入H_2O_2后,亚甲基蓝在290 nm对应的苯环吸收蜂急剧下降,665 nm对应的最大吸收峰则近乎消失,且没有新的吸收峰产生.     

Response surface methodology (RSM) optimization approach for degradation of Direct Blue 71 dye using CuO–ZnO nanocomposite

The present study highlights the synthesis of CuO–ZnO nanocomposite via facile hydrothermal method at 150 °C and autogenous pressure. The structural and textural features of prepared composite material was characterized by several characterization techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The optimized prepared nanocomposite was utilized for photocatalytic degradation of aromatic Direct Blue 71 dye (DB71) under natural sunlight conditions. The catalytic activity results by CuO–ZnO nanocomposite were observed to be higher than the reagent-grade zinc oxide under visible light conditions. The response surface methodology protocol (RSM) with central composite design was optimized by different photodegradation operational parameters such as pH, dye concentration, catalyst amount, and reaction time. The optimized RSM results demonstrated that a quadratic polynomial model was found suitable to define the relation between the photocatalytic activity and operational parameters. Moreover, the observed high R ² value (0.9786) confirms a strong evaluation of experimental data. To achieve maximum DB71 degradation, optimized condition was found at 177.13 min of contact time, 3.93 solution pH, and 24.34 mg/L of dye concentration with 1.85 g/L of catalyst dose The identical optimum conditions resulted maximum 89.58% DB71 degradation.     

紫外光及日光下天然金红石光催化降解苯酚的研究

研究了山西代县天然金红石在紫外光和日光照射条件下对苯酚的光催化降解性能,考察了光照时间、pH值、苯酚初始浓度以及H2O2添加量对降解过程的影响。在紫外光照射下,酸性条件(pH=3.5)利于光催化降解,中性和碱性条件下降解效率较低;当初始浓度为60mg/L时,降解速率可达1.922mg/(L.h);H2O2作为电子捕获剂可提高苯酚降解速率,最佳投加量为2mL/L。在日光条件下,天然金红石对苯酚表现出良好的降解性能,照射7h后,降解率达87.68%,仅略低于P25型TiO2(99.72%),可在14h内完全降解。根据电子探针和X射线衍射分析结果,认为天然金红石晶格中的V、Fe等杂质可能是提高其可见光响应效果和光催化活性的主要原因。     

Comparative study on the photodegradation of Indigo Caramine dye using commercial TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> and natural rutile

The photocatalytic degradation of Indigo Caramine dye using commercial TiO₂ and fine grained natural rutile has been carried out. The commercial TiO₂ and natural rutile were characterized using powder X- ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transformed infra red spectroscopy (FTIR). The study on the photodegradation of Indigo Caramine dye using commercial TiO₂ and natural rutile were investigated both under Solar and UV irradiation. The degradation of Indigo Caramine dye was checked by the following parameters like Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), %T, irradiation time and duration. In both cases using commercial TiO₂ and natural rutile, the COD of the dye solution was reduced from 288 mg/L to less than 20 mg/L, and similarly the %T was increased from 76% to 97% and the percentage decomposition upto 97% within the irradiation duration of 3.5 hrs. The preliminary results obtained on the photodegradation of Indigo Caramine dye are highly encouraging and further work is being carried out for the use of the natural rutile or anatase sources for the other organic decomposition and treatment of industrial effluents.     

NaOH-treated dead leaves of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ficus racemosa</Emphasis> as an efficient biosorbent for Acid Blue 25 removal

A novel biosorbent synthesized from Ficus racemosa leaves based on the treatment using NaOH was applied for removal of Acid Blue 25 from aqueous solution. The synthesized biosorbent was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. NaOH treatment was demonstrated to remove lignin content from the biomass and to induce the development of significant pores. Batch experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of important operating parameters such as pH (range of 2–10), biosorbent dose (range of 1–10 g/L), contact time (range of 0–5 h), initial dye concentration (range of 50–400 mg/L) and temperature (range of 293–323 K) on the extent of removal of Acid Blue 25. The established optimum conditions were pH of 2, biosorbent dose of 4 g/L, contact time of 3 h and temperature of 323 K, yielding maximum removal of dye. Pseudo-second-order model was found to best fit the kinetic data. Langmuir and Temkin isotherm models were found to best fit the equilibrium data. The obtained thermodynamic parameters confirmed endothermic and spontaneous nature of adsorption. The study established the utility of novel biosorbent for removal of Acid Blue 25 with higher adsorption capacities (83.33 mg/g) as compared to the more commonly used adsorbents. Desorption-adsorption  studies conducted for seven cycles indicated potential reusability of synthesized biosorbent for the treatment of dye effluents.     

铁(氢)氧化物矿物对有机污染物的光催化氧化作用

对水溶液中(氢)氧化铁的光催化氧化反应的发展与机理研究进行了总结,着重对近十年来应用针铁矿／过氧化氢进行光催化氧化环境中有机物的研究进展及其环境矿物学意义作了概述和探讨。采用天然生物矿化的纳米针铁矿／过氧化氢以偶氮染料甲基橙为光解模型物进行了光催化氧化的初步研究,结果表明铁细菌形成的针铁矿具有降解生物难降解的有机污染物的能力。在甲基橙溶液初始浓度为30mg／L,铁细菌矿化的针铁矿用量2．5g／L,反应体系H2O2的初始浓度97mmol／L,pH值为6．92,15W紫外灯照射2h后,甲基橙浓度可降低33％。