胸腰椎爆裂性骨折后路减压植骨内固定

胸腰椎爆裂性骨折是脊柱损伤中较常见的类型，可因脊髓、神经根损伤而导致截瘫。我院1992～2002年采用后路椎弓根螺钉内固定椎管前后联合减压与植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折伴截瘫66例，效果较好，报道如下。     

胸腰椎脊柱骨折侧前方减压术25例分析

目的与方法:探讨25例胸腰椎脊柱骨折患者行侧前方椎管减压的手术效果。结果:胸腰椎脊柱骨折侧前方减压术的疗效优于后路减压。结论:本术式对胸腰椎脊柱骨折合并截瘫疗效满意。     

胸腰椎爆裂骨折前路减压手术疗效分析

目的评价脊柱前路减压、植骨内固定手术治疗胸、腰椎爆裂骨折伴脊髓损伤的疗效。方法23例胸腰椎爆裂骨折伴脊髓损伤病例采用前路脊髓减压、植骨、前路钢板内同定术，通过术前、术后影像学对比，了解椎间隙高度、植骨融合等情况，以Frankel评定法来评价病人神经功能恢复情况。结果23例患者术后随访4～16个月，平均9．5个月，全部病例椎间植骨均牢固融合，椎间高度和生理曲度保持满意．钢板螺钉未松动．神经功能恢复良好．有效恢复率为94％。结论胸腰椎爆裂骨折伴脊髓损伤采用脊髓前路减压、植骨固定方法可使骨折减压彻底．植骨融合率高，能有效维持椎间高度和生理曲度，有利于神经功能恢复．是治疗严重胸腰椎爆裂骨折的理想方法之一。     

前路减压植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折

胸腰椎是脊柱骨折最常见的部位．其中爆裂性骨折占发病率15％．约30％～60％胸腰椎爆裂性骨折合并神经损伤。因骨折块常于前方压迫脊髓,需行前路减压植骨内固定恢复脊柱生理及椎体高度,重建脊柱稳定性。本院自2002年10月至2007年10月,行前路减压植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折59例．取得较好效果。现报告如下。     

前路减压椎体间植骨Kaneda内固定术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折并截瘫

目的　总结前路减压椎体间植骨Kaneda内固定术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折并截瘫的疗效。方法　对 1 3例胸腰椎爆裂骨折并截瘫行前路减压植骨 ,并采用胸腰椎前路Kaneda器内固定。结果　 1 3例获得 1 3～ 72个月随访 ,脊髓神经功能 4例获得 2级改善 ,8例获得 1级改善 ,1例完全截瘫无改善。结论　胸腰椎爆裂骨折并截瘫采用前路减压椎体间植骨Kaneda内固定 ,重建脊柱 ,固定高度稳定 ,脊柱神经功能恢复好     

前路减压内固定修复严重胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的 探讨胸腰椎爆裂骨折的损伤机制及前路减压修复重建的必要性。方法1999年1月～2004年1月,收治26例严重胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者,男23例,女3例,年龄23～62岁。其中T2 6例,L1 12例,L2 4例,L3 3例,L4 1例。神经功能按改良Frankel分级评定：A级2例,B级13例,C级5例,D级6例。手术均行前路减压内固定重建术,其中4例因脊柱三柱结构损伤严重,同期先行后路减压椎弓根螺钉撑开复位固定融合术。结果26例术后影像学检查胸腰椎生理弧度基本恢复正常,椎管内减压彻底、充分。均获随访1～6年,平均17．7个月。术后3个月植骨区达骨性融合,神经功能除2例脊髓完全损伤出现不可逆恢复外,其余有1～3级不同程度改善。未出现脑积液漏、钢板螺钉松动断裂、明显植骨块吸收伤椎塌陷、继发性脊柱后突及节段性不稳等并发症,临床疗效满意。结论前路减压内固定修复重建严重胸腰椎爆裂骨折,具有减压彻底、植骨充分及内固定牢固等特点,有助于椎体高度恢复和神经功能改善。     

保留后方韧带复合体椎管隧道式减压治疗胸腰椎骨折

胸腰椎骨折后路复位固定、椎管减压已是常规技术,椎管减压的方法有多种.如减压时切除后柱必然会降低脊柱节段稳定性.我院1998年10月～2003年12月采用保留后方韧带复合体行椎管隧道式减压治疗单一节段胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者44例,取得良好效果,报道如下.     

前路减压椎体间植骨Kaneda内固定术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折并截瘫

目的：总结前路减压椎体间植骨Kaneda内固定术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折并截瘫的疗效。方法：对13例胸腰椎爆裂骨折并截瘫行前路减压植骨，并采用胸腰椎前路Kaneda器内固定。结果：13例获得13－72个月随访，脊髓神经功能4例获得2级改善，8例获得1级改善，1例完全截瘫无改善。结论：胸腰椎爆理解骨折并截瘫采用前路减压椎体间植骨Kaneda内固定，重建脊柱，固定高度稳定，脊柱神经功能恢复好。     

钻压法椎管前方减压加内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折合并脊髓损伤

胸腰椎骨折导致脊髓或马尾神经受压损伤的发生率可达60％以上。解除压迫是受伤神经得以恢复的先决条件,是可靠有效的方法。传统的减压手术存在减压不彻底,脊柱稳定性破坏较多等缺点。作自行设计改良的脊柱前方减压方法,结合椎弓根钉作三柱固定,能增加脊柱的稳定性,维持钻压的成果,有利早期活动和康复运动。用此法治疗26例胸腰椎爆裂型骨折伴程度不等的脊髓损伤病人,取得满意疗效,报道如下。     

陈旧性胸腰段脊柱骨折脱位伴脊髓不全损伤的手术治疗

目的探讨脊髓侧前方减压术治疗陈旧性胸腰段脊柱骨折脱位伴脊髓不全损伤的效果。方法1992至2002年采用脊髓侧前方减压术治疗陈旧性胸腰椎骨折21例,19例获得随访。结果随访时间平均18．7个月,总有效率为90％。结论脊髓侧前方减压术对陈旧性胸腰椎骨折脱位伴脊髓不全损伤具有良好效果。     

Orbital decompression

A new technique for exposure of the orbit for decompression of the orbit is described. It may be used for other purposes such as orbital fracture repair, orbital exploration for tumors in the inferior orbit, or reconstruction of the orbit by a variety of methods. The technique provides ready, broad exposure. The approach also avoids not uncommon complications of the eyelid, approaches to the orbit such as skin shrinkage and ectropion of the lower lid. It also results in minimal cosmetic deformity.     

Neurophysiological recovery after open carpal tunnel decompression: comparison of simple decompression and decompression with epineurotomy

Two hundred and seventy-three patients with carpal tunnel syndrome without advanced neurophysiological changes (distal motor latency below 11 ms) were randomized to treatment by open carpal tunnel release with, or without, epineurotomy. Patients were examined clinically and by nerve conduction studies preoperatively and at 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. We found no statistically significant difference between simple decompression and decompression combined with epineurotomy with regard to either the clinical or the neurophysiological outcome.     

Arthroscopic subacromial decompression

In 1983, Ellman reported the first subacromial decompression by arthroscopy as an alternative to open acromioplasty which described by Neer in 1972. Subacromial decompression combinates a removing of the antero lateral part of the acromion, a release of the coraco acromial ligament and a subacromial bursectomy. The principal indication is a chronic anterior impingement after failure to medical treatment. This subacromial decompression can be associated to cuff debridement, cuff repair, tenotomy or tenodesis of the biceps tendon or repair intraarticular lesion (SLAP, labrum...). The contraindications are massive cuffs tear with a superior migration of the humeral head or if the acromion is flat. Then, acromioplasty and release of the CA ligament could create a superior and anterior migration of the humeral head responsable to a pseudo paralytic shoulder. If we compare to open acromioplasty, arthroscopic decompression has some advantages; no split deltoid or desinsertion of anterior deltoid fibers, small cicatrices, less postoperative pain allowing immediate physiotherapy and possibility to explorate and to repair intra articular lesion during the same operation.