Transforming growth factor βreceptor Ⅱ expression in experimental cryptorchidism and apoptosis in spermatogenic cells in rats

Objective: To evaluate the sensitivity of sperm motility assay for detecting the endotoxin effect on human sperm in vitro. Methods: Motile human sperm were separately incubated for up to 24 hours with different concentrations of endotoxin (0.5, 1, 10, 1000, 10 000 and 50 000 ng/mL). Then the sperm motility was determined. The effect of endotoxin on the sperm motility in media without albumin was also determined. In addition, at the endotoxin concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 10 ng/mL, the sensitivity of the assay was compared to those of 1-cell and 2-cell mouse embryo bioassays. Results: At levels of 0.5-1 000 ng/mL endotoxin in media with 2 mg/mL albumin, sperm did not show significant change in motility after 24 h of incubation (P>0.05), while it was significantly inhibited at endotoxin levels of 10 000 and 50 000 ng/mL. In media without albumin, endotoxin levels of 50 000 and 1 000 ng/mL, markedly inhibited the sperm motility after 2 or 8 h of incubation (P<0.01). With media containing 0.5 and 1 ng/mL endo     

Transforming growth factor α and epidermal growth factor expression in experimental murine polycystic kidney disease

Cystic change in polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is associated with epithelial hyperplasia, altered fluid and electrolyte transport, and de-differentiation of renal tubular epithelium. The role of polypeptide growth factors as potential modulators of cystic change remains an area of controversy. In this study, the expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor- (TGF) were assessed by immunohistochemistry and image analysis in glucocorticoid-induced PKD in the newborn mouse. Newborn C3H mice received either 200 mg/kg methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) or 0.9% saline as a control. EGF expression was not detected in significant quantities in either MPA-treated or control animals. TGF, however, was expressed in immature control kidney in a largely basolateral distribution. Expression increased significantly in association with cystic change in MPA-treated animals and was localized to the apical cell surface, implying altered polarity of secretion. There is no evidence that EGF is a mitogen in this early developmental model of PKD. TGF, however, may be an important mediator of cystic change in immature or de-differentiated renal tubular epithelium.     

Involvement of Ca~(2+) activated K~+channels in receptor regulated sperm motility in rats

Involvement of Ca~(2+) activated K~+channels in receptor regulated sperm motility in rats     

Heterologous expression of rat testis GABA_A receptor P3t variant in Chinese hamster ovary cells

Aim: To study the characteristics and possible retention function of specific sequence in the 5'-end of rat testis GABAA receptor β 3t variant. Methods: Rat testis GABAA receptor β 3t variant cDNA was cloned and inserted into two eukaryotic expression vectors of pEGFP-Nl and pEGFP-Cl respectively, which have EGFP reporter gene. The recombinant plasmids were transfected into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with the calcium phosphate co-precipitation method. Fluorescence microscope and laser confocal microscope were used to analyze the transfected cells. ConA-Texas-Red was used to label cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and study the located area of rat testis β 3t variant in the CHO cells. Results: When the rat testis β 3t variant express in CHO cells, there were two expression pattern, the even and the concentrated expression pattern. Although rat brain β 3 can reach cell membrane, the rat testis β 3t variant can't target to the cell membrane. It may be retained in the ER of CHO cells. Conclusion:     

Upregulated gene expression of local brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor after intracisternal administration of marrow stromal cells in rats with traumatic brain injury

nourpreviousstudy ,wedemonstratedthatratmarrowstromalcells (rMSCs)migratedintobrainanddifferentiatedintoneuralcellsafterinjectionintoCisternMagnuminadultratssubjectedtotraumaticbraininjury .1Itwasbelievedthatneurologicalfunctionimprovementwaspossiblydueto…     

Effect of growth hormone on features of IGF-Ⅰ-Ⅱ-IGFBP3 pathway in pancreatic cancer

Objective To investigate the effect of GH on proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells and observe the features of IGF-IGFBP3 pathway in the host after GH administration. Methods Pancreatic cancer cells (SW-1990,PANC-1 and P3) during exponential growth stage were harvested and cultured in medium containing growth hormone (50 ng/ml). After 24, 48 and 72 hours, cells were counted using a Coulter Counter. Thirty-five Athymic nude Balb/c mice were inoculated with SW-1990cells. When tumors became palpable after inoculation, animals were randomized to receive GH points (1 h, 2 h, 6 h, 24 after the last injection), plasma samples were gathered for subsequent ELISA determination and liver was rapidly incised for immune blotting analysis. Results The results revealed that GH stimulated cell growth in vitro. GH elevated levels of IGF-Ⅰ , Ⅱ at the 1st , 2nd , 6th hour after the last injection. GH augmented the expression of IGFBP3 in the liver of the host in vivo (1 h, 2 h, 6 h, 24 h, respectively). Conclusion Such proteins as IGF- Ⅰ and Ⅱ might be associated with mechanism of last effect of GH on tumor host. The up-regulation of IGFBP3 by GH administration in the host may help to explain the phenomena that GH doesn't accelerate growth of pancreatic tumor in vivo.     

Effect of substance P released from peripheral nerve ending on endogenous expression of epidermal growth factor and its receptor in wound healing

Objective: To explore the relationship between substance P (SP) released from peripheral nerve endings and the expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) during wound bealing. Methods: Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, injury group and capsaicin group. In the injury group, a full-thickness skin wound on the back of the rat was taken. The wound edge and granulation tissues were taken on the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th days after injury, respectively. In the capsaicin group, capsaicin was injected subcutaneously on the back of the rats to destroy the sensory nerve to prevent the secretion of SP, then a wound and sample was made in the same way.Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were employed to detect the expression of SP, EGF/EGFR, and EGF mRNA/EGFR mRNA in the granulation tissues.Results: In the injury group,immunohistochemical stain of SP and EGF/EGFR was located on the hair follicles and sebaceous glands at the 1st day. And the stain of SP was obvious at the 3rd day in the granulation tissues, then decreased gradually. EGF/EGFR was at low level at the 3rd day, then increased gradually and reached the peak at the 9th day, then declined. In the capsaicin group, the stain of SP and EGF/EGFR was faint and without obvious change during the wound healing process. The tendency of the EGF mRNA/EGFR mRNA expression was similar to that of EGF/EGFR. Conclusions: During wound healing, SP may promote the healing process by affecting the expression of EGF/EGFR in the erunuation tissues.     

Effects and mechanism of angiotensin Ⅱ on the expression of nephrin in podocyte

Nephrin 是特异表达于肾小球足细胞及裂孔膜上的结构和功能蛋白,Nephri 的正常表达与定位对于维持肾小球持滤过屏障结构和功能的完整性、防止蛋白尿的发生具有重要作用.Ang Ⅱ在肾脏局部水平的升高可以影响 Nephrin 的表达,破坏足细胞的正常结构和功能,并导致蛋白尿的产生.     

Effects and mechanism of angiotensin Ⅱ on the expression of nephrin in podocyte

Nephrin 是特异表达于肾小球足细胞及裂孔膜上的结构和功能蛋白,Nephri 的正常表达与定位对于维持肾小球持滤过屏障结构和功能的完整性、防止蛋白尿的发生具有重要作用.Ang Ⅱ在肾脏局部水平的升高可以影响 Nephrin 的表达,破坏足细胞的正常结构和功能,并导致蛋白尿的产生.     

Effects and mechanism of angiotensin Ⅱ on the expression of nephrin in podocyte

Nephrin 是特异表达于肾小球足细胞及裂孔膜上的结构和功能蛋白,Nephri 的正常表达与定位对于维持肾小球持滤过屏障结构和功能的完整性、防止蛋白尿的发生具有重要作用.Ang Ⅱ在肾脏局部水平的升高可以影响 Nephrin 的表达,破坏足细胞的正常结构和功能,并导致蛋白尿的产生.     

Effects and mechanism of angiotensin Ⅱ on the expression of nephrin in podocyte

Nephrin 是特异表达于肾小球足细胞及裂孔膜上的结构和功能蛋白,Nephri 的正常表达与定位对于维持肾小球持滤过屏障结构和功能的完整性、防止蛋白尿的发生具有重要作用.Ang Ⅱ在肾脏局部水平的升高可以影响 Nephrin 的表达,破坏足细胞的正常结构和功能,并导致蛋白尿的产生.     

Effects and mechanism of angiotensin Ⅱ on the expression of nephrin in podocyte

Nephrin 是特异表达于肾小球足细胞及裂孔膜上的结构和功能蛋白,Nephri 的正常表达与定位对于维持肾小球持滤过屏障结构和功能的完整性、防止蛋白尿的发生具有重要作用.Ang Ⅱ在肾脏局部水平的升高可以影响 Nephrin 的表达,破坏足细胞的正常结构和功能,并导致蛋白尿的产生.     

Long and noncoding RNAs （Inc-RNAs） determine androgen receptor dependent gene expression in prostate cancer growth in vivo

Hyperactive androgen receptor （AR） activity remains a key determinant of the onset and progression of prostate cancer and resistance to current therapies. The mechanisms governing castrate resistant prostate cancer are poorly understood, but defining these molecular events is essential in order to impact deaths from prostate cancer.     

The change of angiotensin Ⅱ production and its receptor expression during wound healing: possible role of angiotensin Ⅱ in wound healing

Objective This study was undertaken to observe the change in the local level of angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) and the expression of its corresponding receptors AT1 and AT2 during wound healing, and explore the possible role of Ang Ⅱ in wound healing . Methods A model of full-thickness cutaneous wound was developed on the back of C57/BL6 mice. Specimens were taken from the wound of each mouse on the day 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 after wounding. The change in the generation of Ang Ⅱ in wounded tissue during the healing process was detected with ELISA. The proliferation and the apoptosis of cells were detected by bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu) and terminal deoxyuncleotidyl transferase mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) method in wounded skin during the healing process, respectively. The cellular localization and the mRNA level change of Ang Ⅱ receptors in wounded tissue during healing were detected with immunostaining and RT-PCR. Results Ang Ⅱ produced in wounded skin was increased in the first 7 days to reach the peak, and then gradually decreased during wound healing. BrdU labeling index was increased gradually in the first 7 days to reach the peak, and then gradually decreased during wound healing. The number of TUNEL-positive cells was increased slowly in the first 7 days after wounding. The increase in the number of TUNEL-positive cells was more markedly after epithelization of the wound. In normal mice, AT1 and AT2 receptor were found positively expressed in the whole epidermal layer, while positive expression was only found in the endothelial cells of the capillary vessels within the dermal layer, and positive expression was also found in appendages of the skin, i.e. hair follicle, sweat gland and sebaceous gland respectively. Positive staining signal of both AT1 and AT2 receptors were increased in the first 7 days to reach the peak, then gradually decreased. Expression of AT2R was increased again following the epithelization of wound. The result of RT-PCR showed that the expression of both AT1 and AT2 receptors was detectable, and AT1 receptor was increased in the first 7 days to the peak, and then gradually decreased during wound healing, while AT2 receptor expression reached its peak value on day 7, then gradually decreased, and increased again following the epithelization of wound. Conclusions These results indicate that Ang Ⅱ participate in wound repair and related to remolding in the late stage of wound healing through the change in production of angiotensin Ⅱ and expression of AT1 and AT2 receptors. AT1 receptor might be closely associated with cell proliferation,while AT2 receptor might play a role in cell apoptosis and remolding during wound healing.     

Quantified gene expression levels for phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ metabolizing enzyme and estrogen receptor levels in benign prostate from cohorts designated as high-risk （UK） versus low-risk （India）for adenocarcinoma at this organ site：a preliminary study

Risk of clinically significant prostate adenocarcinoma （CAP） varies worldwide,although there is a uniform prevalence of latent disease. A hormone-responsive tissue,the prostate possesses the metabolizing capacity to biotransform a variety of environmental procarcinogens or endogenous hormones. Whether such metabolizing capacity or estrogen receptor （ER） status underlies these demographic differences in susceptibility to CaP remains unclear. With appropriate ethical permission,verified-benign tissues were obtained following transurethral resection of the prostate from a high-risk region （n = 12 UK-resident Caucasians） and a typically low-risk region （n = 14 India-resident Asians）. Quantitative gene expression analysis was employed for cytochrome P450 （CYP）1B1,N-acetyltransferase （NAT）1,NAT2,catechol-O-methyl transferase （ COMT）,sulfotransferase （ SULT） 1A1,ERα,ERβ and aromatase （CYP To quantify the presence or absence of CYP1B1,ERα or ERβ,and to identify ther in situ localization,immunohistochemistry was carried out. The two cohorts had reasonably well-matched serum levels of prostate-specific antigen or hormones. Expression levels for the candidate genes investigated were similar.However,clear differences in protein levels for CYP1B1 and ERβ were noted. Staining for CYP1B1 tended to be nuclear-associated in the basal glandular epithelial cells,and in UK-resident Caucasian tissues was present at a higher （P = 0.006） level compared with that from India-resident Asians. In contrast,a higher level of positive ERβ staining was noted in prostates from India-resident Asians. These study findings point to differences in metabolizing capacity and ER status in benign prostate tissues that might modulate susceptibility to the emergence of clinically significant CaP in demographically distinct populations.