二维相控阵-MIMO雷达联合发射子阵划分和波束形成设计方法

为了有效地抑制干扰信号并进一步提高雷达系统的性能,该文提出一种基于2维相控阵-MIMO雷达的联合发射子阵划分和波束形成设计方法。该方法首先将MIMO雷达系统的发射阵列等分成一定数目的非重叠子阵并给每个天线分配相同的发射能量,以确保发射信号具有恒模特性;其次,在一定的约束条件下,以最大化接收波束形成器的输出信干噪比为准则建立关于子阵结构、每个子阵对应的发射波束形成权矢量以及接收波束形成权矢量的优化模型,并采用循环迭代方法进行求解。仿真结果证实了所提方法的正确性和有效性。     

一种基于粒子群算法的多目标子阵划分优化方法

为了降低硬件成本和系统的复杂度,子阵划分对于大型的相控阵雷达来说是必要的。传统的子阵划分方法主要针对信号处理的单一性能指标优化。针对多项指标优化的问题,本文提出了一种基于粒子群算法的子阵划分结构优化算法,相对于传统的方法能够同时优化多项性能指标,提高信号处理的性能。通过对线性阵列的划分做仿真,展示了粒子群算法对子阵级波束形成多项性能指标的提高。      

平面数字阵列雷达的子阵级波束形成算法

大规模平面数字阵列雷达因为其优点得到广泛应用,但其全自适应处理实现困难,实际中广泛采用部分自适应处理,子阵结构就是其中的一种重要方法。该文针对有幅度加权的均匀平面阵,以各子阵噪声输出功率相等为原则进行非均匀邻接子阵划分,并通过归一化算法保证各子阵噪声功率相等,进而对平面阵子阵结构的波束形成性能进行了研究。计算机模拟仿真结果表明,该子阵结构的二维相扫和一维相扫的自适应方向图保形良好,可以达到与全自适应相接近的干扰抑制性能。     

相控阵部分自适应波束形成收发算法

为减少大型相控天线阵的优化唯相权值的计算量,本文提出一种新的相控阵部分自适应波束形成的收发算法.它采用自适应部分地选择控制零点的控制阵元(PA),按照最大信干噪比原则,用部分唯相共轭梯度法计算各个阵元的优化唯相权矢量来减轻干扰的影响.模拟结果表明,当干扰数目小于阵元半数时计算性能有很大提高,同时天线远场模式的主瓣损失、波形变化及干扰方向零点深度与全阵自适应相比几乎没有变化.     

Reduced-rank adaptive detection of distributed sources using subarrays

We introduce a framework for exploring array detection problems in a reduced-dimensional space. This involves calculating a structured subarray transformation matrix for the detection of a distributed signal using large aperture linear arrays. We study the performance of the adaptive subarray detector and evaluate its potential improvement in detection performance compared with the full array detector with finite data samples. One would expect that processing on subarrays may result in performance loss in that smaller number of degrees of freedom is utilized. However, it also leads to a better estimation accuracy for the interference and noise covariance matrix with finite data samples, which will yield some gain in performance. By studying the subarray detector for general linear arrays, we identify this gain under various scenarios. We show that when the number of samples is small, the subarray detectors have a significant gain over the full array detector. In addition, the subarray processing can also be successfully applied to the problem of detecting moving sources in an underwater acoustic scenario. We validate our results by computer simulations.     

稳健的宽带多径干扰抑制波束形成算法

针对传统宽带多径干扰抑制波束形成算法计算量大、稳健性差的问题,提出一种基于均匀直线阵的稳健宽带多径干扰抑制波束形成算法。当期望信号垂直入射时,该算法首先在波束旁瓣区域引入虚拟干扰源构造能量聚焦矩阵,通过主瓣宽度的迭代处理,整体控制输出波束的旁瓣级,将旁瓣区域能量聚焦到主瓣区域,实现多径干扰条件下的宽带波束形成;然后对期望信号和辅助方位角施加相位响应约束,将其扩展至期望信号非垂直入射和存在指向误差的情况,与传统宽带多径干扰抑制波束形成算法相比,在提高算法稳健性的同时大大降低了计算复杂度;最后仿真分析与实际数据验证表明,该算法能够有效的抑制多径干扰,稳健性较好且具有较高的输出信干噪比。      

MIMO-Frequency Diverse Array Radar with Unequal Subarrays for Improved Range-Angle Dependent Beamforming

Frequency diverse array (FDA) radar has been proposed in last decade for joint range and angle beamforming of a target. Multiple input multiple output-frequency diverse array (MIMO-FDA) radar has also been presented recently in literature to steer multiple beams by creating subarrays in transmit array. These beams help to localize the target in range as well as angle dimension. Due to same subarray size, all the beams have same beamwidth and thus exhibit same response for a given target. In this paper, we have proposed an unequal size subarrays structure for the FDA radar (US-MIMO-FDA), which allow us more focusing of the target in range and angle dimension by using beams of variable width. As a result the echoes received at the receiver help in better estimation of target parameters. The effectiveness of proposed scheme has been shown by comparing transmit and received beam patterns of proposed scheme with MIMO-FDA with equal subarrays Performance analysis of proposed scheme has also been done in terms of output signal to interference plus noise ratio, detection probability and cramer-rao lower bound. Simulation and results have verified better focusing of target by proposed design as compared to existing subarrays schemes for MIMO-FDA.     

基于STAP 杂波抑制的子阵优化技术

新一代相控阵雷达的天线阵列规模庞大,一般含有几百乃至上万个阵元。在阵元级实现自适应波束形成抗干扰和空时自适应处理杂波抑制,会极大地增加系统开销,甚至难以实现。在实际应用中,考虑到系统成本、信号处理运算量等因素,需要将大型阵列划分为适当的子阵,以减小接收所需通道数。文中通过子阵优化划分数学建模,研究子阵划分对干扰、杂波抑制性能的影响,探索最优子阵划分的数学求解方法,为大型阵列雷达研制提供理论支撑和工程可实现算法。     

基于最优子阵划分ESPRIT的任意线阵高精度DOA估计算法

为了提高任意阵列的波达方向(direction of arrival, DOA)估计性能,从对子阵阵元选取进行优化的角度出发,提出了基于最优子阵划分旋转不变信号参数估计技术(estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques,ESPR...     

集中式MIMO雷达与相控阵雷达干扰抑制性能对比

针对传统相控阵雷达与集中式多输入多输出( MIMO)雷达的干扰抑制性能优劣问题,对集中式MIMO雷达与相控阵雷达的信干噪比和改善因子进行了对比分析,从理论上研究了两种体制雷达的干扰抑制能力并进行了数字仿真。仿真结果表明,与传统相控阵雷达相比,集中式MIMO雷达通过提升信干噪比输出增强了干扰抑制能力。     

二维子阵级相控阵空间谱估计方法

目前已提出的空间谱估计方法绝大多数需要已知所有阵元的数字化输出信号,即为基于阵元级的方法.我们对应用于相控阵雷达的二维子阵级空间谱估计方法进行了研究.采用简化的阵列流形,只需精确地确定子阵相位中心与增益,大大降低了对相控阵的校正成本与代价.但其有效的方向估计范围只在子阵的3dB波束宽度内,然而与波束扫描相结合可实现任意空间范围内的方向估计.通过引入加权网络对子阵输出进行后处理,提高了阵列处理的灵活性;构造了基于理想子阵方向图的简化阵列流形,克服了直接简化阵列流形方法的测向范围无法调整的局限性,并能更好地抑制旁瓣源.仿真结果证实了所提出方法的有效性.     

子阵分级处理与稀疏恢复联合的抗主副瓣干扰方法

传统的抗干扰方法在低信噪比条件下性能恶化,对此本文提出了子阵分级处理与稀疏恢复联合的抗干扰方法。新方法首先按照一定规则将全阵列划分为多个子阵列;然后利用自适应波束形成（ADBF）技术抑制各子阵接收信号中的副瓣干扰信号,并将各子阵ADBF后的输出数据联合,构建新的阵列数据;最后通过新构建的阵列数据构建稀疏表示,改进了多测量向量降维提升法（ReMBo）,并与交叉方向乘子法（ADMM）联合进行稀疏恢复,分离得到目标回波信号,并得到了波达角（DOA）的估计。仿真实验表明,新方法能有效对抗主副瓣干扰,与其它方法相比,具有更好的目标检测和DOA估计性能,特别是在低信噪比的条件下。      

On the coherent interference suppression using a spatiallysmoothing adaptive array

The behavior of a spatially smoothing adaptive array is examined. An expression for the weight vector is first derived. Using the array gain on the desired signal and the coherent interference is obtained. Then the expression for output signal-to-noise (SNR) is derived. It shows that the performance of the spatially smoothing array depends on the number of the subarrays, the angle separation, relative power and initial phase difference between the desired signal and the coherent interference. For good interference suppression it is found that the magnitude of the phase difference of the incident and interference signals must be greater than the beamwidths of both the subarray and the equivalent array. There is also a tradeoff between increasing the groups of subarrays and decreasing the number of elements in the subarrays. Computer simulation results are given that validate the analysis     

降噪多天线卫星导航欺骗干扰抑制方法

由于欺骗干扰比真实卫星导航信号功率稍大,意味着其功率远小于压制干扰,致使多天线卫星导航接收机的阵列接收环境发生改变,无法抑制欺骗干扰。该文提出了一种能有效改善阵列接收环境,恢复多天线卫星导航欺骗干扰抑制能力的方法。该方法通过降噪预处理提高阵列接收信号的信噪比和干噪比,再使用输出功率最小准则最优化权矢量,从而实现欺骗干扰抑制。理论分析和实验结果表明,该方法能够有效抑制欺骗干扰,而且阵列输出信干噪比较高,干扰抑制后接收机捕获性能不受干扰影响。      

电子对抗环境下ADBF相控阵雷达的阵列结构优化

ADBF相控阵雷达通常采用子阵结构。子阵结构对系统性能具有显著影响,对相控阵进行最优子阵划分具有重要的理论与应用意义。该文利用多目标进化算法(MOEA)进行子阵结构优化,使系统在主瓣干扰下具有尽可能好的抗干扰及和、差波束旁瓣抑制性能。将和波束自适应方向图的旁瓣电平、系统输出SINR及差波束的旁瓣电平作为优化目标,构造了5种目标函数。给出了MOEA子阵结构的编码方法。基于Pareto秩排序的MOEA将3032的平面阵划分为64个子阵的仿真结果表明,系统的多种性能得到了提高。     

Simple and Efficient Nonparametric Method for Estimating the Number of Signals Without Eigendecomposition

Inspired by the computational simplicity and numerical stability of QR decomposition, a nonparametric method for estimating the number of signals without eigendecomposition (MENSE) is proposed for the coherent narrowband signals impinging on a uniform linear array (ULA). By exploiting the array geometry and its shift invariance property to decorrelate the coherency of signals through subarray averaging, the number of signals is revealed in the rank of the QR upper-trapezoidal factor of the autoproduct of a combined Hankel matrix formed from the cross correlations between some sensor data. Since the infection of additive noise is defused, signal detection capability is improved. A new detection criterion is then formulated in terms of the row elements of the QR upper-triangular factor when finite array data are available, and the number of signals is determined as a value of the running index for which this ratio criterion is maximized, where the QR decomposition with column pivoting is also used to improve detection performance. The statistical analysis clarifies that the MENSE detection criterion is asymptotically consistent. Furthermore, the proposed MENSE algorithm is robust against the array uncertainties including sensor gain and phase errors and mutual coupling and against the deviations from the spatial homogeneity of noise model. The effectiveness of the MENSE is verified through numerical examples, and the simulation results show that the MENSE is superior in detecting closely spaced signals with a small number of snapshots and/or at relatively low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)     

Efficiency calculation of feed structures and optimum number of antenna elements in a subarray for highest G/T

For an antenna array, different feed structure topologies may yield the same radiation characteristics. However, different topologies may result in different efficiency and noise performance. In this paper, parallel arm antenna arrays are analyzed for efficiency and noise temperature using the noise equivalent line length method (NELL) with the number of antenna elements in a subarray as a parameter. It is shown that efficiency of an antenna array feed structure as well as its noise temperature can be calculated using the NELL method. The comparison of the two parameters, efficiency and noise temperature, yield the optimum number of antenna elements in a subarray of a parallel arm antenna array for the highest G/T ratio.     

大型阵列天线子阵划分及栅瓣抑制方法

利用遗传算法(genetic algorithm, GA)将大型阵列划分为非均匀邻接子阵,以主旁瓣比作为适应度函数,并对遗传操作增加约束条件,得到具有栅瓣抑制能力的子阵结构。提出了基于子阵级的波束扫描方法,在每个扫描分区内无需改变阵元权值,仅通过子阵级数字波束形成即可完成阵列的波束扫描,并分析了不同扫描角对阵列方向图的影响。为了抑制大扫描角带来的高旁瓣,运用自适应原理使子阵级方向图在高旁瓣位置形成凹陷。分析与仿真结果表明,该方法能够进一步提高阵列方向图的主旁瓣比,增加扫描分区的范围。      

远距离支援干扰下DBF雷达作用距离分析

在平面相控阵中应用DBF技术对于提高雷达系统性能具有重要意义.研究了数字波束形成(DBF)在平面相控阵雷达中的应用.建立了子阵级DBF的信号模型,根据一维阵元级DBF推广得到了子阵级DBF,引入雷达方程和干扰方程,总结得到了雷达作用距离与雷达、干扰和目标参数的关联关系.分析了远距离支援干扰对DBF雷达作用距离的影响,并给出了仿真分析,仿真结果表明:子阵级DBF能在很大程度上改善雷达的作用距离,为研究DBF雷达的抗干扰性能提供支撑.     

基于稀疏约束和SRV约束的宽带自适应波束形成

针对传统的宽带MVDR自适应波束形成中,抑制干扰的同时会抬高旁瓣电平,且过多的线性约束会导致波束输出的SINR性能下降的问题,提出了一种基于SRV约束和稀疏约束的低旁瓣、高增益宽带自适应波束形成方法.该方法在窄带MVDR自适应波束形成基础上,通过增加波束图稀疏约束来降低波束的旁瓣电平,同时利用空间响应偏差(SRV)约束将窄带算法推广到宽带MVDR 自适应波束形成中,极大地降低了算法的复杂度,改善了波束输出的SINR 性能.与传统方法相比,该方法在降低宽带波束的旁瓣电平的同时,还具有良好的干扰抑制效果.数值仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性.