Chromium supplements in the feed for growing pigs and meat quality

An experiment with 40 female growing pigs from 27.4 to 106.5 kg body weight (BW) in individual pens was conducted to evaluate the effect of different chromium supplements (Cr-chloride, Cr-yeast and Cr-picolinate) according to 0.5 ppm Cr in the diet compared with a control diet without any additional chromium. The influence on growth performance and carcass as well as meat composition was studied. In comparison with the control diet body weight gain and feed conversion ratio in the finishing period (60 to 106.5 kg BW) were significant increased and lowered respectively in the treatment with Cr-chloride and with the other Cr supplements tendentially. The results of the carcass composition as well as the fatty acid profile of neutral and complex lipids in the muscle (M. longissimus dorsi) at the 10th rib did not indicate a statistically significant effect of the Cr supplements. Furthermore energy utilization on the base of digestibility was not affected. Concerning the Longissimus muscle area and the intramuscular fat content there were positive tendencies of the investigated Cr supplements.     

建立完善的质量控制系统,提高工程项目质量

介绍了质量控制系统的目标、要求、依据及如何建立一个完善的质量控制系统，达到提高工程项目质量的目的。     

Ratio of total sulfur amino acids to lysine for finishing pigs

By using flow cytometric analysis of cells in whole blood expressing high levels of CD14, we found a subpopulation of monocytes (8% of total) with higher scatter parameters, high capacity to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), stronger expression of Lewis-X (CD15), sialyl-Lewis-X, CD11b and CD18 antigens, as well as an increased polymerized actin content. The size of this subpopulation increased after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide at the expense of the remaining monocytes, suggesting that its features were inducible. The membrane increase in Lewis-X and sialyl-Lewis-X expression observed during this conversion was largely due to the translocation of these carbohydrate structures from intracellular pools. Moreover, this subpopulation behaved as a primed monocyte subpopulation producing large amounts of H2O2 in response to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. Increased H2O2 production was inhibited not only by anti-CD14 but also by anti-CD15 and anti-sialyl-Lewis-X monoclonal antibodies when added before lipopolysaccharide. These results show that lipopolysaccharide priming is regulated, at least in part, by Lewis-X and sialyl-Lewis-X structures expressed on the monocyte membrane. All together, this highly reactive and inducible subpopulation of monocytes, which share phenotypic and functional characteristics with neutrophils, might play an important role in host defenses and inflammatory responses.     

建筑工程项目质量与进度

质量控制、进度控制和成本控制是建筑项目中最重要的三个因素,任何一个因素都影响到项目的价值高低,甚至决定着项目的成败。本文主要分析建筑项目施工中影响工程质量和工程进度的因素,从而寻找加强质量控制与进度控制的方法,并通过”三控制”间的相互联系来协调相互之间的对立面关系。     

Gastric ulcers in finishing pigs: their prevalence and failure to influence growth rate

In an abattoir survey the stomachs of 1242 pigs from 15 farms were examined. Ulceration of the pars oesophagea was present in 22.95 per cent with a range from 4.7 to 57.4 per cent. The ulcers were graded mild in 9.5 per cent and severe in 13.4 per cent of the stomachs. Bile staining and hyperkeratinisation of the pars were significantly more common in stomachs with ulcers than in those without (P < 0.001), although the difference between the hyperkeratinisation in cases with severe ulcers and cases without ulcers was not significant. The daily liveweight gains of 208 males and 150 females from two units with a high prevalence of ulcers were calculated from their weaning weights at about five weeks of age and their slaughter weights at around 90 kg. At the abattoir their stomachs were examined for the presence of ulcers of the pars. The daily liveweight gain of the males was significantly greater than that of the females (P < 0.001), but the presence of mild or severe ulcers had no influence on the rate of gain of the pigs from either unit. The prevalence of ulcers in the males and females was 57.2 and 49.3 per cent, respectively, but the difference was not significant.     

Selenite and selenium yeast as feed supplements to growing fattening pigs

BACKGROUND: Coronary stenosis involves lipid accumulation, fibrosis and cell proliferation. OBJECTIVE: To clarify the role of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in coronary stenosis by examining atherectomized coronary lesions from patients with primary stenosis and restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). METHODS: Atherectomized coronary tissue from 28 patients with primary stenosis and restenosis at 4.3 +/- 1.0 months after PTCA were examined using morphometrical and immunohistochemical techniques. RESULTS: Serum lipids in all of the patients were within the normal range and no differences were noted between the two groups. There were no differences in the mean cross-sectional areas of whole specimens obtained from each group, and sclerotic lesions with atheroma or calcification were found to a similar extent in both groups. However, the restenosis group had a significantly greater area (6-fold) of immature smooth-muscle-rich lesions than the primary stenosis group, although there was no difference in lipid-laden foam-cell containing lesions. In foam-cell-containing lesions, apolipoprotein B was accumulated extracellularly, while oxidized LDL was primarily deposited intracellularly in lipid-laden foam cells. However, no deposition of apolipoprotein B, oxidized LDL or lipids was noted in smooth-muscle-rich lesions. Proline hydroxylase, a key enzyme for collagen synthesis, was detected in most of the foam-cell-containing lesions, but not in smooth-muscle-rich lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Atherectomized lesions from patients with coronary stenosis contained smooth-muscle-rich lesions in restenosis and lipid-laden cellular lesions in both stenosis and restenosis, in which the deposition of oxidized LDL and increased collagen synthesis occur coincidentally. Therefore, the mechanism of atherogenesis may involve coronary stenosis regardless of the occurrence of restenosis after PTCA therapy.     

OR dream team: a continuous quality improvement project

BACKGROUND: The Stein-Leventhal syndrome (SLS), first described in 1935, is characterized by infertility, hyperandrogenization, and obesity. Because this phenotype represents an aggregation of risk factors for postmenopausal breast carcinoma, and because in general, a hormonal imbalance underlies the disorder, the authors examined the association between self-reported SLS and breast carcinoma incidence in a cohort of 34,835 cancer-free women assembled in 1986 and followed through 1992. METHODS: All participants were between the ages of 55 and 69 and held a valid Iowa driver's license. A total of 472 women in the cohort (1.35%) reported a history of SLS at baseline. Incident cases of breast carcinoma were identified annually using the State Health Registry of Iowa. Data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, there were 883 incident breast carcinomas, 14 among women reporting a history of SLS. Women with SLS were more likely than women without SLS to report fertility problems and menstrual irregularities, but there were no significant differences observed regarding body mass index (BMI). Although women with SLS were 1.8 times as likely to report benign breast disease than women without SLS (P < 0.01), they were not more likely to develop breast carcinoma (relative risk [RR] = 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.7-2). Adjustment for age at menarche, age at menopause, parity, oral contraceptive use, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and family history of breast carcinoma lowered the RR to 1 (95% CI = 0.6-1.9. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the high risk profiles of some women with SLS, these results do not suggest that the syndrome per se is associated with an increased risk of postmenopausal breast carcinoma.     

Clinical evaluation of in-feed zinc bacitracin for the control of porcine intestinal adenomatosis in growing/fattening pigs

This field trial was designed to investigate whether the incorporation of zinc bacitracin into pig feed would prevent porcine intestinal adenomatosis. Two hundred-and-eighty-eight weaned pigs on a farm with a previous history of the disease were divided into 16 pens of 18 pigs. Two dietary regimens of zinc bacitracin were tested: from weaning up to 100 days of age, either 300 or 200 ppm zinc bacitracin were incorporated; from 100 to 125 days of age, either 200 or 100 ppm zinc bacitracin were added; and from 125 to 156 days of age (slaughter), either 100 or 50 ppm zinc bacitracin were added. The results were compared with a positive control group which received 60, 60 and 30 ppm salinomycin during the same periods, and with a negative control group which received no antibacterial and/or performance enhancer. The mortality, diarrhoea scores, average daily weight gains, average daily feed intakes and feed conversion ratios of the pigs were assessed. At slaughter, samples of ileum were taken from eight randomly selected pigs per group for bacteriological and histopathological examinations. The three treated groups all performed better than the control group, and the group receiving the high dose regimen of zinc bacitracin performed significantly better than the groups receiving the low dose of zinc bacitracin or salinomycin.     

From deception trials to control reagents: The introduction of the control group about a century ago.

This is the story of the remarkable psychologist John E. Coover, who, in the early 1900s, was the first to advocate the comparison of experimental and control groups as a methodological necessity. Moreover, the author raises the issue of why control groups were launched about a century ago, and why psychology was comparatively early in codifying group comparison as a methodological routine. In dealing with these questions, the author discusses the relations between turn-of-the-century science and society as well as between psychophysical research and educational experimentation. Furthermore, the mystery is solved of how Coover's rightful place in the received history of experimental controls could be taken by precisely the authors whom he criticized for the lack of controls. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

毕业设计教学环节质量监控体系的研究与实践

毕业设计是高等学校人才培养计划的重要组成部分,是培养学生综合运用所学的基础知识、基本理论和基本技能分析和解决实际问题的一个重要环节,是学生综合素质教育与工程实践能力培养效果的全面检验.因此,毕业设计在整个本科教学中所处的地位和所起的作用,是其他教学环节无法替代的.近年来,出现了在教师和学生中对毕业设计不同程度的忽视现象以及影响毕业设计质量的问题,这些在毕业设计工作中出现的问题,既有客观因素,又有主观因素,既有个人问题,又有管理问题,但从根本上讲是由于管理不严、监控体系不完善导致的结果.因此,加强毕业设计环节的科学管理,形成有效的监控体系,已经成为全面提高毕业设计整体质量的一个刻不容缓的课题.     

Microsatellite instability analysis: a multicenter study for reliability and quality control

The molecular biology section of the Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer study group-Germany, instituted a multicenter study to test the reliability and quality of microsatellite instability (MSI) analysis. Eight laboratories compared MSI analyses performed on 10 matched pairs of normal and tumor DNA from patients with colorectal carcinomas. A variety of techniques were applied to the detection of microsatellite changes: (a) silver and ethidium bromide staining of polyacrylamide gels; (b) radioactive labeling; and (c) automated fluorescence detection. The identification of highly unstable tumors and tumors without MSI was achieved in high concordance. However, the interpretation of the band patterns resulted in divergent classifications at several microsatellite marker loci for a large fraction of this tumor/normal panel. The data on more than 30 primers per case suggest that the enlargement of the microsatellite panel to more than 10 loci does not influence the results. In this study, cases with MSI in less than 10% of loci were classified as microsatellite stable, whereas MSI was diagnosed in cases with more than 40% of all markers unstable. We propose that a panel of five microsatellite loci consisting of repeats with different lengths should be analyzed in an initial analysis. When less than two marker loci display shifts in the microsatellite bands from tumor DNA, the panel should be enlarged to include an additional set of five marker loci. The number of marker loci analyzed as well as the number of unstable marker loci found should always be identified. These criteria should result in reports of MSI that are more comparable between studies.     

Probability of detecting antibodies to bovine herpesvirus 1 in bulk milk after the introduction of a positive animal on to a negative farm

The purpose of this study was to assess the probability that the introduction of one or more bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1)-seropositive animals would result in the bulk milk of a clean herd becoming BHV-1-positive. Probability calculations (stochastic and deterministic) were based on the distribution of the log(titre) of 828 positive animals and the daily milk production of the herds and of the individual cows. They showed that the probability in average sized herds of 45 dairy cows is only between 10 and 25 per cent and that even in small herds of 25 cows the introduction of a positive animal would go undetected in the majority of cases. It is concluded that if the bulk milk has become BHV-1-positive it is most likely that the infection has spread.     

Perioperative antibiotics in nonemergency bowel surgery: a quality improvement project

BACKGROUND: Guideline development has received considerable attention recently; guideline implementation less. For various reasons, reports of guideline implementations are not common in the published literature. In this paper, we report the results of a multisite quality improvement project undertaken as part of Health Care Financing Administration's Heath Care Quality Improvement Program. METHODS: Six acute care hospitals were selected for participation according to the number of procedures during the calendar year 1993. Baseline and postintervention data were abstracted from the medical records of patients having bowel surgery. Performance feedback, education, and process improvement facilitation were the principal interventions used by the investigators; quality improvement plans varied by participant. Baseline and postintervention indicators were calculated. RESULTS: Statistically significant and practically meaningful improvement was observed in the primary indicator and in 4 of 11 subindicators. Conservative estimates indicated modest cost savings. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of perioperative antibiotics in bowel surgery can be improved by guideline implementations based on a continuous quality improvement model.     

An introduction to a UK scheme to help small firms control health risks from chemicals

The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1994 (COSHH), provide the main British legislation to protect against health risks arising from hazardous substances used at work. Under the regulations, employers have a duty to carry out a suitable and sufficient risk assessment and take steps to ensure exposure is adequately controlled. The paper by Topping et al. (1998) concluded that small firms need more basic, readily available advice on how to effectively control hazardous substances. To meet this need the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) and the Advisory Committee on Toxic Substances (ACTS) have developed a new scheme for the UK. It involves a simple system of generic risk assessments to identify appropriate control strategies and a series of control guidance sheets providing good-practice examples of those strategies for common operations. The approach builds on earlier industry risk banding schemes and HSE's general approach to risk assessment and risk management. To help ensure the advice reaches small firms, HSE is seeking to involve key intermediaries in its dissemination. This paper describes the rationale for the new UK scheme, how it sits in the legal framework, and proposals for its dissemination. The papers by Brooke (1998) and Maidment (1998) set out in detail the technical basis for the scheme.     

Fast track thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction: a quality improvement project

To understand the clinical efficacy of traditional anti-rheumatic herbal medicines on acute and severe arthritis or immune diseases, four herbal formulas and one herb were tested in vitro to determine their effects on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin 2 (IL2). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy subjects were incubated with different concentrations of four herbal formulas including Shaur Yau Gan Tsao Tang (SYGTT), Shang Jong Shiah Tong Yong Tong Feng Wan (SJSTY), Shu Jin Lih An Saan (SJLAS), Ma Shing Yih Gan Tang (MSYGT) and one herb, Tripterygium wilfordii (T2) with and without mitogen stimulation. PGE2 and IL2 from culture supernatant were measured by enzyme immunoassay. The results showed that SYGTT, SJSTY, SJLAS at concentration of 100 microg and MSYGT at 500 microg/ml can significantly inhibit PGE2 release (P < 0.05) from mononuclear cells. However, T2 at 2 microg/ml expressed the same response. For the inhibition of IL2, the concentration of SYGTT, SJSTY and SJLAS must exceed 100 symbol microg/ml. MSYGT failed to inhibit IL2 at even concentrations of 500 microg/ml but T2 at a very low concentration (0.6 microg/ml) could strongly inhibit it. The findings suggest that the majority of traditional anti-rheumatic herbal formulas or herbs, except for T2, should not be used to treat acute and critical arthritis or immune diseases.     

Influence of porcine somatotropin on the phosphorus requirement of finishing pigs: I. Performance and bone characteristics

We conducted two experiments to evaluate the effects of recombinant porcine somatotropin (pST) on the P requirement of finishing pigs. Corn-soybean meal diets with varying levels of P were fed, and Ca was adjusted to maintain a Ca:P ratio of 1.1:1. In Exp. 1, 96 pigs were fed dietary P concentrations of .35, .45, and .65% from 75 to 109 kg BW. One-half of the pigs were injected daily with 4 mg of pST. Pigs treated with pST consumed less feed and gained more efficiently than untreated pigs (P < .01). Increasing the dietary P level produced linear (P < .05) improvements in most metacarpal-metatarsal (MM) and femur traits. Administration of pST increased (P < .02) bone weight, but it reduced (P < .03) bone strength and the percentage of ash. The increases in percentage of ash and ash accretion associated with increasing dietary P were more pronounced in pST-treated pigs than in untreated pigs (pST x P, P < .01). Experiment 2 consisted of 66 pigs fed six dietary P concentrations (.35, .50, .65, .80, .95, and 1.10%) from 72 to 114 kg. One-half of the pigs were injected daily with 4 mg of pST. Pigs treated with pST gained faster and more efficiently (P < .01) but consumed less feed than untreated pigs (P < .01). Increasing the dietary P level improved most of the bone traits. Administration of pST reduced (P < .01) MM strength and percentage ash in the MM and femurs, but it increased (P < .01) femur diameter and wall thickness. Bone strength and percentage ash were reduced in pST-treated pigs fed low dietary P; however, at higher dietary P, these traits were similar to or greater than those in untreated pigs (pST x P, P < .10). Generally, bone traits in pST-treated pigs reached a plateau at higher dietary P concentrations and at higher P intakes compared with those in untreated pigs. These results indicate that pST administration increases the dietary P level that is required to maximize bone traits in finishing pigs.     

如何搞好建设项目的工程造价控制

工程项目造价控制是项目管理的三大控制之一,本文论述了项目管理各主要阶段造价控制的要点,提出了行之有效的控制方法与技巧,在工程造价控制实践中有一定的应用价值。     

Traumatic urethral disruption: a protocol for diagnosis

BACKGROUND: Many patients who request cutaneous carbon dioxide (CO2) laser resurfacing for correction of periorbital rhytides also complain of "dark circles" under their eyes. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted in order to determine the effectiveness of high-energy pulsed CO2 laser treatment in reducing infraorbital hyperpigmentation. RESULTS: Significant lightening of infraorbital hyperpigmentation was observed 9 weeks following CO2 laser resurfacing. Melanin reflectance spectrometry readings did not correlate with clinical findings. CONCLUSIONS: This study represents the first report of the successful use of a non-pigment-specific laser system for the treatment of infraorbital dark circles. The lack of correlation of melanin spectrometry readings with clinical assessment likely represents an insufficient follow-up time period.