正交光楔激光远场焦斑测量方法

为验证正交光楔激光远场焦斑测量方法在提取光斑高频组分、扩展CCD测量动态范围和减小光束质量测量误差等诸方面的有效性,以常用的光束质量因子作为衡量新方法有效性的指标,建立离焦光斑强度分布理论模型并搭建相应的实验平台进行实验验证。验证结果表明:新方法与传统远场测量方案相比,使实验所用CCD的测量动态范围拓展了约9倍,实际光斑远离中心主核区域的大量高频旁瓣分布特征从CCD背景噪声起伏中凸显出来,光束质量因子的测量平均相对误差也有约16%的精度改善。     

离轴径向偏振光束及其传输特性

基于Wolf近轴传输理论, 导出离轴径向偏振光束光强的解析表达式, 并研究离轴量对离轴径向偏振光束传输中光强分布的影响, 同时根据一阶矩质心位置的定义推导出离轴径向偏振光束的质心坐标, 研究其质心位置的变化规律. 结果表明, 与径向偏振光束不同, 离轴径向偏振光束在近场处传输时光强分布不均匀, 随着传输距离的增加, 光强分布均匀性逐渐得到改善, 而径向偏振光束在传输中始终保持空心对称光斑. 离轴量较小时, 近场处光强分布呈非对称空心面包圈形, 随着传输距离增达到一定程度, 光强分布演化为对称空心面包圈形, 离轴量越小, 演变距离越短; 离轴量较大时, 随着光束的传输离轴径向偏振光束的空心部分消失, 逐渐由空心面包圈形向高斯型演变, 径向偏振光束特性消失. 另一方面, 离轴径向偏振光束的质心不随传输距离的改变而改变. 质心纵坐标恒为零, 质心横坐标与光斑尺寸及离轴量相关. 随着光斑尺寸增大, 质心横坐标成线性增长. 当离轴量较小时, 质心横坐标随离轴量的增大呈非线性增长, 增长量不明显; 离轴量较大时, 质心横坐标随离轴量的增大呈线性增长, 且变化明显.     

畸变光束的焦斑质心位置

 为分析振幅和相位发生畸变情况下光束焦斑质心位置所受的影响，以光波标量衍射理论中的夫琅和费衍射公式为基础，根据光斑强度分布一阶矩质心位置的定义，推导了直接依赖于光束近场复振幅分布的焦斑质心位置的一般表达式。进一步推导了焦斑质心位置对光束近场强度分布和相位斜率分布的依赖关系式，并对该式清晰的物理意义进行了阐述。利用焦斑质心位置表达式，可分析和确定由于振幅调制和相位畸变导致的质心位置偏移。最后，对无相位畸变和存在低阶泽尼克相位畸变情况下的简单畸变光束进行了相应的分析讨论。     

海面大气边界层中聚焦光束漂移各向异性的实验研究

 利用位置敏感型光电倍增管（PSPMT），设计了测量聚焦光束漂移的实验装置。该装置在80 mm的有效探测面内实现了2维位置信号的直接探测，空间分辨率可达1 mm，明显优于四象限探测器和阵列探测器，最高采样频率可达80 kHz，且动态范围很大，优于一般的成像器件。在近海岸海面上5 m处的大气边界层中进行了距离为1 000 m的聚焦激光传输实验。测量结果表明：聚焦光斑的质心漂移具有各向异性，水平方向光斑漂移幅度一般介于5.61 mm和14.83 mm之间，垂直方向光斑漂移幅度介于3.54 mm和7.3 mm之间，两者之比的平均值为1.69；水平方向和垂直方向的光斑漂移功率谱密度（PSD）在低频段也存在差异，垂直方向光斑漂移的PSD比水平方向光斑漂移的PSD下降速率更快。     

太阳能聚焦光斑能流密度测量方法评估

为了确定一种新型间接测量太阳能热发电系统聚焦光斑能流密度分布方法的测量误差范围,对其进行了进一步研究。从理论公式出发,分析了该测量方法的误差源;使用球面小定日镜、CCD相机、漫反射板、中性密度滤光片等设备进行了能流密度测量的实验,使用MATLAB软件对实验数据进行处理,得到了漫反射板上聚焦光斑的能流密度分布和总能量;实验时借助全站仪测量并计算了定日镜中心的光线入射角,根据定日镜的面积和反射率、太阳直射辐射值、余弦效率等计算了光斑能量的理论值,并与测量得到的聚焦光斑总能量比较,得出了实验条件下该方法测量光斑总能量以及能流密度的相对误差为3.5%。该测量误差在允许范围内,进一步证实了该能流密度测量方法的正确性和可行性。     

大气激光通信中稳定跟踪技术研究

 为了研究大气激光通信中稳定跟踪所采用的器件及有效跟踪方法,分析了光束定位探测器件(电荷耦合器件和四象限光电探测器)的灵敏度特性,结合影响大气激光通信跟踪系统性能的五种大气湍流效应,分别讨论了光束漂移、光强起伏、光斑弥散、到达角起伏及光束扩展的原理.对质心跟踪算法和形心跟踪算法定位准确度的影响进行分析,得到在大气条件下形心算法的跟踪误差小于质心误差的结论,并通过实验进行了验证.     

四象限探测器光斑尺寸测量方法的研究

由于四象限探测器具有低噪声、高灵敏度和高带宽的优势,因此被广泛应用于激光光斑跟踪、准直和位置检测等领域。靶面上的光斑尺寸是影响系统性能的重要参数之一。对探测器的光斑位置探测灵敏度指标Sx进行了分析,比较了象限间沟道大小对Sx的影响关系。提出了一种测量光斑半径的方法,该方法利用电控偏转镜扫描探测器靶面,获得位置探测器灵敏度,基于位置探测灵敏度与光斑半径的对应关系,间接测得光斑尺寸。     

激光损伤阈值单脉冲激光测量方法

利用二元相位光栅的特点，设计一个具有特定相位分布的相位光栅，在单色波的照明下，使某些特定位置的菲涅耳像变成一个振幅光栅即光斑阵列。如果该光斑阵列的光强按照一定关系分布，将阵列光斑作用于实验样品上，能确定出各个光斑对应的损伤，就能从一次激光脉冲辐照中得出样品损伤阈值。激光光束为高斯光束，入射高斯光束通过二元相位光栅分解成类高斯分布的点阵并对样品进行辐照，研究衍射点阵中各点的一阶峰值能量密度分布和样品的损伤情况，可以单脉冲激光确定光学薄膜的损伤阈值。     

相位屏法模拟高斯阵列光束海洋湍流传输特性

基于功率谱反演法产生海洋湍流相位屏,对多次传输过程进行统计平均,仿真分析不同海洋湍流参量下不同高斯阵列光束(矩形分布、径向分布及单束)长曝光光斑半径、光斑质心漂移特性及光强闪烁特性。结果表明:光束长曝光光斑半径、光斑质心漂移标准差及轴上闪烁系数均随湍流效应(湍流强度或传输距离)的增强而增大;同时,阵列光束与单束高斯光的光斑半径趋于一致,当传输距离继续增大时,单束高斯光束长曝光光斑半径略大。相对于单束高斯光,阵列光束在相同湍流条件下具有更小的漂移标准差,但轴上闪烁系数较大。相对于大气湍流而言,海洋湍流具有较强的闪烁效应。     

同步辐射标定闪烁体探测器灵敏度

利用上海同步辐射光源BL13W1光束线开展了闪烁体探测器的灵敏度标定方法的研究。对光源的高次谐波以及闪烁体探测器的工作线性动态范围进行了实验研究,在此基础上建立了一种新的同步辐射标定闪烁体探测器灵敏度的方法。通过对实验结果的理论拟合,得到与放射源方法相符合的灵敏度数据,验证了方法的准确性,提高了标定数据的精度。     

Investigation of positioning algorithm and method for increasing the linear measurement range for four-quadrant detector

The paper studied the relationship between the light spot position and the output voltage in the case of laser spot which is in the four-quadrant (4Q) detector whose shape is circle or elliptic, energy distribution uniform or Gaussian. The study is based on add–subtract algorithm, diagonal algorithm and difference over sum (Δ/∑) algorithm. By using methods of polynomial fitting it can get a simple polynomial expression to enhance measuring speed and the simulation error is given. A method of using Binary Optics Elements (BOE) to shape the laser beam in the 4Q detector to square light spot with uniform intensity distribution is proposed to expand linear measurement range. The simulation result is verified for a circular spot with Gaussian energy distribution.     

Size optimization of a quad-cell alignment detector for short range free space optical interconnects

In this paper we consider geometry optimization of a quad-cell alignment detector for short range free space optical interconnects. The alignment technique uses alignment beams and quad detectors to detect different misalignment errors. We show that the size of the quad detector cells can be used as a design parameter to optimize the sensitivity of the alignment system. The sensitivity analysis and error signal generation are presented assuming standard Gaussian beam models. Results on optimum sensitivity for the case of transverse and angular misalignments are presented and discussed.     

X-ray sensitivity of Cd0.9Zn0.1Te detectors

The X-ray sensitivity of Cd_0.9Zn_0.1Te detectors as a function of the effective X-ray energy and bias voltage is studied. It is shown that the sensitivity grows with effective X-ray energy and much more significantly with bias voltage. The sensitivity depends on the angle the X-ray beam makes with an electric field in the detector. In the energy range 28–72 keV, the sensitivity is the highest when the X-ray beam is normal to the electric field in the detector.     

连续相位板远场焦斑能量集中度实验研究

在惯性约束聚变（ICF）研究过程中,焦面上聚焦光斑形态要求极为苛刻。基于离线测试平台,从实验上研究了各种应用误差对连续相位板（CPP）远场焦斑能量集中度的影响。得出光束旋转误差、口径误差、平移误差和倾斜误差在可控范围内CPP远场焦斑能量集中度均高于95%,其波动范围小于0.5%,CPP的容忍度较强。而实验畸变波前属于空间频率小于0.02 mm-1的低频波前,严重影响了CPP的整形能力,波前畸变是影响能量集中度高于90%的主要因素。     

A novel method to improve detecting sensitivity of quadrant detector

This paper presents a set of formulae for estimating the light spot position projected on a quadrant detector (QD). A novel method of annular segmentation calculus (ASC) is designed to analyze the detecting light spot of QD. The influences of the spot movement mode, spot energy distribution, and dead area to the dynamic range and the detection sensitivity are analyzed. It is shown in simulations that our new formulae have achieved a much better results to increase measurement accuracy. It is also shown that on the condition of the same spot size, the detection sensitivity of Gaussian distribution is prior to uniform distribution. The detection sensitivity of diagonal mode is better than cross mode. The detection sensitivity increases with increase in the size ratio of dead area to spot. The simulating and experimental results show that the measuring range of QD is 400 μm, and the resolution is 50 μm. The study presented here will be beneficial in developing the nanomechanical displacement detection techniques.     

神光-Ⅲ 3ω光路自动准直系统设计

基于闭环反馈控制理论，对神光-Ⅲ 3ω光源自动准直系统进行设计，分析系统的工作原理、控制算法和软件控制流程。对准直过程中电动控制对于控制结果影响的变化规律建立了数学模型，旨在克服俯仰和方位相互联动对准直精度的影响。采用二维镜架自动准直方案，使准直偏差在预定调整范围内不断收敛。神光-Ⅲ调试现场的准直结果证明：该自动准直系统达到了设计要求，即自动准直系统在半小时内完成8路光束的光束准直，其角度误差≤5.0%/空间滤波器小孔直径,平移误差≤1.0%(光束近场直径精度)。     

XRD探测器和滤片在北京同步辐射3B3中能束线上的标定

利用北京同步辐射3B3中能束线, 在国内首次实现了XRD X射线探测器灵敏度在2—6keV能区的标定, 灵敏度的不确定度小于7%. 另外中能束线的应用还极大地提高了滤片厚度的标定精度, 其厚度的不确定度小于3.6%.     

The Limiting Possibilities of Miniaturization of Open-Resonator Mirrors

Using the representation of the field of a quasioptical beam in the form of expansion over plane waves, we derive an expression determining the minimum possible size of mirrors of an open resonator (OR) in which the lowest mode with small energy losses exists. To verify the obtained expression, we study experimentally the field distribution in a semisymmetric OR using the probe method. In this case, the diameter of the scattering probe was chosen on the basis of the equation derived. The difference between the measured and calculated field distributions was smaller than 8%. It is shown that the diameter of the field spot on the OR mirrors cannot be smaller than the wavelength of a microwave oscillator. The attempts to focus a Gaussian beam to a size smaller than the wavelength lead to an increase in the diameter of the field spot.     

Simulation of 12C+12C elastic scattering at high energy by using the Monte Carlo method

The Monte Carlo method is used to simulate the ¹²C+¹²C reaction process. Taking into account the size of the incident ¹²C beam spot and the thickness of the ¹²C target, the distributions of scattered ¹²C on the MWPC and the CsI detectors at a detective distance have been simulated. In order to separate elastic scattering from the inelastic scattering with 4.4 MeV excited energy, we set several variables: the kinetic energy of incident ¹²C, the thickness of the ¹²C target, the ratio of the excited state, the wire spacing of the MWPC, the energy resolution of the CsI detector and the time resolution of the plastic scintillator. From the simulation results, the preliminary establishment of the experiment system can be determined to be that the beam size of the incident ¹²C is φ 5 mm, the incident kinetic energy is 200-400 A MeV, the target thickness is 2 mm, the ratio of the excited state is 20%, the ight distance of scattered ¹²C is 3 m, the energy resolution of the CsI detectors is 1%, the time resolution of the plastic scintillator is 0.5%, and the size of the CsI detectors is 7 cm×7 cm, and we need at least 16 CsI detectors to cover a 0° to 5° angular distribution.