人胰岛素及其类似物中残留溶剂测定方法研究

目的 建立人胰岛素及其类似物中有机溶剂残留测定方法,用同一方法测定目前在人胰岛素及类似物生产工艺中普遍存在的甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、乙腈和正丙醇5种残留溶剂。方法 采用顶空气相色谱法,使用DB-624毛细管柱(30 m×0.53 mm,3μm),载气为氮气,流速为2.5 ml/min,检测器为氢火焰离子化检测器,检测器温度为250℃,进样口温度为200℃,分流比为5:1,顶空平衡温度为85℃,平衡时间为20min,柱温程序为：起始温度40℃,保持10 min,随后以5℃/min升至80℃,随后以20℃/min升至200℃。结果 甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、乙腈及正丙醇峰之间分离良好;专属性、耐用性、精密度良好;甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、乙腈和正丙醇分别在1.5～60.8、1.1～98.9、0.8～100.4、0.7～10.4、0.8～100.1μg/ml浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系(r²均大于0.99);甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、乙腈和正丙醇检出限分别为0.6、0.3、0.2、0.2、0.2μg/ml,定量限分别为1.5、1.1、0.8、0.7、0.8μg/ml;各溶剂在人胰岛素及其类似物...     

交联透明质酸凝胶中交联剂的HPLC测定

目的 建立交联透明质酸钠凝胶中交联剂二乙烯基砜(DVS)残留量的测定方法.方法 用高效液相色谱法测定DVS残留量,色谱条件为:色谱柱为C8(4.6mm×250mm),流动相为25mmol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液(pH3.0)-乙腈(90∶10),检测波长为210nm.结果 DVS在1～50μg/g范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 7),平均回收率98.4%,RSD为1.02% .结论 用高效液相色谱法测定交联透明质酸钠凝胶中DVS残留量,方法准确、可靠,可用于产品质量控制.     

羧甲基交联淀粉止血颗粒中环氧氯丙烷残留量的测定

本研究建立了顶空气相色谱法测定羧甲基交联淀粉止血颗粒中环氧氯丙烷残留量的方法。使用Agilent DB-624(30 m×530μm×3.0μm)毛细管色谱柱,柱温为程序升温(50℃,保持2 min;50℃/min升温至180℃,保持5 min),进样口温度为200℃,检测器温度为250℃,载气为N_(2,)流速为3 mL/min,分流比为3∶1。精密度相对标准偏差为1.22%;环氧氯丙烷的浓度为0.84～6.72μg/mL,其峰面积与浓度线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9997;检测限为0.336μg/mL,定量限为0.84μg/mL;平均回收率为101.7%(n=9)。该方法重现性好,灵敏度高,简单准确。     

交联透明质酸钠细胞支架材料中交联剂残留量的测定

建立了气相色谱法测定交联透明质酸钠细胞支架材料中交联剂1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚残留量的方法。选用安捷伦HP-5毛细管柱(30 m×0.32 mm,0.25μm),氢火焰离子化检测器(FID),载气为氮气,流速为2.0 ml·min-1,柱温采用程序升温,初始温度为90℃,以15℃·min-1升温至250℃,保持8 min;采用外标法定量。1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚浓度在0.133~1.865μg·ml-1的范围内,峰面积和浓度呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9993;回收率为96.33%~100.57%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.40%(n=9)。方法专属性强、重现性好、灵敏度高,可用于交联透明质酸钠支架材料中1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚残留量的测定。     

顶空气相色谱法检测血液中的乙醇含量

目的 建立顶空气相色谱法检测血液中乙醇含量的检测方法。方法 取0.5 ml待测血样2份加入叔丁醇内标液0.1 ml于20 ml顶空瓶中,顶空进样。在特定的色谱条件下,血中的乙醇能与样品中可能存的主要干扰成分实现分离,阳性对照血中的乙醇、叔丁醇保留时间分别作为对照,以保留时间定性,用内标法以乙醇对内标物的峰面积比进行定量分析。结果 乙醇的保留时间为3.482分,叔丁醇的保留时间为4.394分,相对标准偏差（n=10）均小于5%,该方法检测结果准确。结论 顶空气相色谱法检测血液中的乙醇含量,血样直接顶空进样,不受进样误差干扰,结果稳定,操作方便,分析时间短、线性关系良好、灵敏度高,适用于涉嫌酒驾案件的全血中乙醇含量的测定。     

气相色谱法检测交联透明质酸中交联剂残留量

目的建立一种二乙烯基砜交联透明质酸中交联剂二乙烯基砜残留量的检测方法.方法采用气相色谱法检测二乙烯基砜残留量,色谱柱为HP-5毛细管色谱柱(Agilent 19091J-413:325℃:30m×320μm×0.25 μm),程序升温,采用FID检测器,载气为氮气.结果二乙烯基砜在1μg～50μg/g线性关系良好,线性相关系数r=0.9999,平均回收率为97.8%(RSD为2.6%,n=5).结论气相检测交联透明质酸中交联剂含量,结果准确,方法简单可靠,可用于交联透明质酸水凝胶产品质量控制.     

医用透明质酸钠凝胶中钨含量的分析研究及其安全性评价

钨元素在预灌封注射器包装组件的加工工艺中引入,随着医用透明质酸钠凝胶的使用直接进入人体。为了实现产品中钨的准确定量,建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱测定医用透明质酸钠凝胶中钨元素的含量的方法。此方法准确简便,检出限为0.0006 mg/kg,定量限为0.002 mg/kg;回收率为95.2%~104.5%。使用该方法对12家市售产品进行测定,钨的含量在0.03~4.56 ug/g之间。通过毒理学分析计算,得到每日摄入的钨元素的量应小于75 mg/d。此类产品可满足人体的安全性评价要求,但可继续通过工艺革新等措施减少人体钨的摄入量。     

《整形手术用交联透明质酸钠凝胶》行业标准中交联剂含量的检测方法研究

目的 改进和优化YY/T 0962—2014《整形手术用交联透明质酸钠凝胶》行业标准中交联剂1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚(1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether,BDDE)含量的标准检测方法,为该标准的修订提供技术依据.方法 在气相色谱法中,为使BDDE更好地从凝胶内部释放出来,在测定之前增加样品的酶解处理步骤,并用乙酸乙酯对BDDE进行萃取.此外,在酶标仪检测法中研究透明质酸酶的影响,将透明质酸酶添加到标准溶液中,从而去除透明质酸酶对测定结果的影响.最后委托M、Q、X三家实验室对该方法进行验证,对同一批次样品进行BDDE含量测定,对数据结果进行双因子方差分析,以检验该方法是否具有可行性.结果 气相法专属性、精密度以及重复性良好,平均回收率为105.02％,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)为9.15％(n=6).酶标仪检测法精密度、重复性良好,BDDE浓度0.5～8μg/mL范围内,BDDE浓度和荧光强度有良好的线性关系,线性方程为y=36.89x+2.135(r=0.9989),检出限为0.106μg/mL,平均回收率为97.43％,RSD为8.22％;采用双因子方差分析,对M、Q和本课题组(Z)三家实验室的验证结果进行统计(P>0.05),认为不同实验室采用同一方法对同批次样品的交联剂含量测定结果不存在显著性差异.结论 对于整形手术用交联透明质酸钠凝胶中交联剂BDDE含量的测定,气相法操作简单快捷,可作为BDDE的日常测定方法;酶标仪检测法特异性更高,数据更为真实精确,可作为整形手术用交联透明质酸钠凝胶产品中交联剂含量的仲裁方法.     

高效液相色谱法测定赤芍中芍药苷的含量

目的 建立赤芍中芍药苷的含量测定方法,探讨不同溶液提取对芍药苷含量的影响.方法 采用甲醇和70%乙醇超声提取样品,用Agileni1100型高效液相色谱仪,Agilent EeliPse XDB C18(4.6mm×250mm,5靘)色谱柱,柱温:25℃,流动相:V(乙腈):V(0.1%磷酸溶液)=14:86,流速:1.0ml/min,检测波长:230nm,进样体积10μL.结果 芍药苷进样量在0.27μg～1.60μg范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系,R=0.9998;平均回收率为100.34%,RSD=0.46%.乙醇提取液中芍药苷的平均含量为0.0700μg/ml(n=3),甲醇提取液中芍药苷的平均含量为0.0462μg/ml(n=3).结论 采用70%乙醇作为溶液提取赤芍芍药苷得率高;本实验所建立的方法重复性良好,准确度较高,可用于赤芍中芍药苷的质量控制.     

荧光分光光度法检测交联透明质酸中交联剂残留量

目的 建立一种1,4丁二醇二缩水甘油醚(1,4-Butanediol diglycidyl ether,BDDE)透明质酸中交联剂BDDE的残留量的检测方法.方法 采用荧光分光光度法测定BDDE的残留量.BDDE与烟碱反应在激发光380nm作用下产生荧光,其荧光强度与BDDE的置成正比,用荧光分光光度计在波长为435nm处检测其强度.结果 BDDE在0.25ug/g ～ 8ug/g线性关系良好,线性相关系数r=0.9999,平均回收率为101.5％(RSD为0.9％).结论 测量结果准确,方法简单可靠,可用于交联透明质酸水凝胶产品质量控制.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.     

THE ODYSSEY – A JUNGIAN PERSPECTIVE: INDIVIDUATION AND MEETING WITH THE ARCHETYPES OF THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS

Homer's epic tale of the 20-year return of Odysseus from the Trojan War is investigated with particular reference to Jung's theory of individuation. Odysseus' meetings with 'the anima' in the form of goddesses, sirens and female monsters and his visit to Hades demonstrate the confrontation and humanization of aspects of the archetypal level of the psyche, central to Jung's theories of psychic growth and development. Jung's important ideas of the psychoid level and the transcendent function are explored and linked both to his investigations into medieval alchemy and with findings from contemporary neuroscience. The importance of Jung's constructive method of the interpretation of dreams and myths is shown to be central.