Ti6Al4V合金表面等离子渗镍研究

采用双层辉光离子渗金属技术对Ti6Al4V合金(TC4)表面进行等离子渗镍研究.通过分析放电气压对渗层镍含量及厚度的影响得出,在950℃及20～50 Pa进行合金化时,当气压为30 Pa时可得到最佳质量的渗层.对此典型工艺条件下渗层的组织形貌、成分分布特征进行观察与分析,测试了渗层的显微硬度.并对渗层的摩擦学性能进行了研究.结果表明,渗层表面Ni含量最高可达95%,向内逐渐降低,基本呈梯度分布,显微硬度明显提高,耐磨性较基材TC4大大增强.     

钛(TA2)及钛合金(TC4)表面等离子渗Nb研究

采用双层辉光离子渗金属技术进行钛（TA2）及钛合金（TC4）的等离子渗Nb表面改性研究。分析了合金化条件对渗层Nb含量及厚度的影响，在此基础上得到优化的典型工艺条件。研究发现，在1000℃进行合金化时，放电气压对渗层表面Nb含量有显著的影响，在本试验选取的气压范围（20～80Pa）之内，气压为65Pa时可以得到最佳质量的渗层。对此典型条件下渗层的组织形貌及成分分布特征进行了观察与分析，测试了渗层的显微硬度并用划痕法评价了渗层结合强度。结果表明，渗层表面Nb含量可达70％左右，向内逐渐降低，呈梯度分布特征。渗层与基体结合良好，硬度显著提高。     

TC4在不同温度下固态渗碳化硼研究

为改善钛及钛合金的表面性能,研究了TC4在不同温度下固态渗碳化硼后的渗层显微组织及硬度.结果表明:渗层表面为致密分布的化合物层,而在基体内部则形成沿晶界分布的板条状或等轴状的颗粒扩散层;表面碳化硼处理可显著提高TC4的表面硬度,而且由表及里具有良好的硬度梯度;断口形貌分析发现材料由韧性断裂转变成脆性断裂.该工艺设备简单,操作方便,效率高,成本低.     

工业纯铁电极材料表面渗钼的工艺

利用双辉等离子渗金属技术,在工业纯铁电极材料表面进行正交渗钼试验,用极差分析方法研究了极间距、温度、时间、源极电压和气压对合金渗层厚度的影响,并对渗钼的工艺参数进行优化。采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、显微硬度仪、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪观察合金渗层的金相组织及厚度,测定合金渗层的物相组成和渗层硬度,检测合金渗层的形貌、元素分布。结果表明:渗钼工艺优化参数为源极电压800~850V,保温温度1 020℃,保温时间4h,工作气压35Pa,极间距20mm,可获得满足试验要求的80μm的合金渗层;合金渗层组织为柱状晶,Mo元素在合金渗层中呈梯度分布,合金渗层的物相为Fe(Mo)固溶体和Mo相,合金渗层的硬度呈下降趋势,渗钼后试样的表面硬度为248.5HV0.05。     

等离子体渗氮气压对合金钢渗氮层微观结构和性能的影响

目的 选择M50NiL钢（高合金钢）和AISI 4140钢（低合金钢）2种合金钢,研究渗氮气压对合金钢等离子体渗氮层组织结构、渗层厚度、硬度、韧性和摩擦磨损性能的影响规律。方法 根据离子渗氮GB/T30883—2017,在0～500 Pa渗氮气压范围内选择170、250、350 Pa 3个渗氮气压进行等离子体渗氮,研究渗层微观结构和性能。结果 对于M50NiL和AISI 4140两种合金钢,350 Pa时渗层厚度均最大,170 Pa次之,250 Pa厚度最小。M50NiL钢在350 Pa渗氮和AISI 4140钢在170 Pa渗氮时,表面层具有最优的强韧性。摩擦磨损性能显示,170 Pa和350 Pa气压渗氮的摩擦磨损性能明显优于250 Pa气压渗氮,其中磨损率规律与渗氮层的韧性值测试结果吻合。结论 气压影响了氮离子的能量和分布,从而影响了渗层厚度,钢中的合金元素含量和气压共同影响表面强韧化效果,并且表面强韧化效果直接影响渗氮层的摩擦磨损性能。     

304奥氏体不锈钢低气压离子渗氮组织与性能研究

在400℃、低气压下对304奥氏体不锈钢进行低温低压离子渗氮处理。采用扫描电镜、显微硬度计及万能摩擦试验机对表面改性后的304奥氏体不锈钢渗层组织、硬度及耐磨性进行了测试和分析。结果表明:304奥氏体不锈钢低温低气压渗氮形成了明显的白亮层;低气压对304奥氏体不锈钢离子渗氮具有良好的催渗效果,即渗层厚度随气压的减小而增加,在100 Pa条件下,渗层厚度达到最大值51.7μm;渗氮后试样表面硬度达到最大值1100 HV0.01;低温低气压离子渗氮能够提高304奥氏体不锈钢耐磨性,80 Pa和100 Pa是提高304奥氏体不锈钢耐磨性的最佳气压。     

Ti-6Al-4V钛合金固体渗硼法表面改性

对TC4钛合金(Ti-6Al-4V)进行表面渗硼使其表面硬度显著提高.渗硼温度为1000℃到1050℃,渗硼时间为5 h到20h.文内测量和比较了渗硼后钛合金表面的微结构、形貌、相组成等性质,研究了渗硼过程中Ti,Al,V,B等元素的扩散行为.在低温短时间渗硼时,渗硼层厚度仅0.8μm,而在高温长时间渗硼时,渗硼层厚度可达15 μm.实验证明,渗硼层由TiB和TiB2两相组成,并且它们的含量随渗硼温度提高而增加.渗硼层表面主要含TiB2,其显微硬度可达2200 HV0.01,渗硼层内表层主要含TiB,其显微硬度为1100 HV0.01.渗硼层的硬度远高于TC4钛合金的硬度.     

气压对304奥氏体不锈钢低温离子渗氮组织与性能影响

在400℃、8 h、不同气压(80~400 Pa)条件下对304奥氏体不锈钢进行离子渗氮处理。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计及万能摩擦试验机对表面改性后的304奥氏体不锈钢渗层组织、相结构、渗层硬度以及耐磨性进行了测试和分析。结果表明,400℃离子渗氮处理后304奥氏体不锈钢形成了明显的白亮层,即单相S相层;低压对304奥氏体不锈钢离子氮化具有良好的催渗效果,即渗层厚度随气压的减小而增加,在100 Pa条件下,渗层厚度达到最大值51.7μm;渗氮后试样表面硬度达到最大值1100 HV0.01;低温低压离子渗氮能够提高304奥氏体不锈钢耐磨性,80 Pa和100 Pa是提高304奥氏体不锈钢耐磨性的最佳气压。     

钛合金表面离子渗钼及耐磨性研究

采用离子渗金属技术对Ti6Al4V(TC4)钛合金进行了离子渗钼,并用扫描电镜、X射线衍射、能谱分析、显微硬度和磨损试验等对渗层的组织、相组成、成分、显微硬度和磨损性能进行了研究。结果表明,TC4合金经离子渗Mo后,表面可形成MoTi相合金层,使材料的硬度有较大的提高,表面常温干摩擦的摩擦因数比基体的低,磨痕比基体的窄,表现出较好的耐磨性能。     

基于正交试验研究0Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢等离子渗铪的最优工艺

采用L16正交实验,对0Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢双辉等离子渗铪行为进行研究,分析了影响渗铪合金层厚度的主次因素,取最主要因素进行单因素实验,并分析最优工艺下渗铪合金层的元素分布、物相结构以及硬度。结果表明:影响本试验的因素主次为温度时间电压气压极间距,优化的工艺参数为源极电压790~810 V,保温时间5 h,极间距25 mm,气压35 Pa,最主要因素温度的优化值为1100℃,此工艺下渗层厚度为35μm;表面组织晶粒细小、分布连续致密、无裂纹,由表及里铪元素含量呈梯度降低,硬度亦呈梯度降低,渗层表面硬度为600 HV0.1,比基材硬度提高约3倍,渗层物相主要为Hf2Fe、Hf C、Hf。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

正~~     

Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.