新疆荒漠昆虫光滑鳖甲cDNA文库的构建及功能基因筛选

以过冬后早春的新疆荒漠拟步甲属昆虫光滑鳖甲(Anatolica Polita borealis)成虫为研究材料,应用SMARTTM cDNA Library Construction技术,通过总RNA提取,反转录合成cDNA,定向构建至噬菌体载体λTripEx2,经体外包装构建了光滑鳖甲的cDNA表达文库。测试结果表明库容量为2.2×106,重组率为84.8%。通过对cDNA文库克隆的序列测定和初步生物信息学分析,获得28个光滑鳖甲表达序列标签(ESTs),包括17个EST(60.7%)与NCBI中已注册的已知功能基因相似性较高,另外的11个EST(39.3%)则没有发现与之相似的序列,推测可能是功能未知的新基因。同时,利用PCR扩增文库技术从cDNA文库中克隆获得了光滑鳖甲的抗冻蛋白基因,初步表明光滑鳖甲cDNA表达文库构建的成功,为深入研究新疆荒漠昆虫的抗冻机理及发现新的昆虫功能基因奠定了基础。     

人肝癌血清对人体胚胎干细胞文库的筛选及方法改进

用人肝癌血清从人体胚胎干细胞cDNA表达文库中筛选肝癌相关抗原,并对SEREX条件方法的改良作进一步的探索。将已构建好的人胚胎干细胞cDNA表达文库进行滴度计算。利用38例原发性肝癌病人血清,结合SEREX技术,应用Western blot方法,对表达文库中的相关抗原做血清学免疫筛选。同时,对SEREX技术贴膜条件及假阳性的排除方法进行改良。cDNA表达文库滴度为3.8×10~8pfu/ml,筛选出阳性克隆有31个。从人胚胎干细胞cDNA表达文库中能筛查到部分有效的肝癌肿瘤相关抗原,为后续工作提供宝贵资料。     

多发性骨髓瘤恶性相关基因快速表达克隆法的建立

为从多发性骨髓瘤细胞中克隆与鉴定恶性相关基因并试图阐明其发病分子机制,建立了一种改进的快速表达克隆法,简单、快捷、直接从多发性骨髓瘤细胞株ARH-77 cDNA文库中克隆恶性相关基因。其特点是常用的表达克隆法与经典的DNA介导的NIH／3T3转染实验相结合,直接从cDNA表达文库中克隆恶性相关基因。首先建立高质量的cDNA表达文库,将cDNA表达文库分成几个基因池,转染NIH／3T3细胞;将转化活性最强的基因池再分成几个亚基因池,转染NIH／3T3细胞;将转化活性最强的亚基因池再分成次级亚基因池,直到获得有明显转化活性的单个cDNA克隆。该技术亦可用于从其他肿瘤细胞中克隆恶性相关基因。     

人鼻咽与鼻咽癌及肺癌基因表达谱差异的研究

研究鼻咽癌、肺癌与正常鼻咽组织基因表达谱差异及筛选鼻咽癌相关基因,采用α- ³²P逆转录标记组织总RNA,将cDNA探针与有5 184个基因或表达序列标签EST(expression sequence tag)的高密度cDNA微阵列GF200杂交,软件分析表达谱差异.结果发现三者均呈低表达为主的表达谱,密度值在200以上的基因及EST在鼻咽癌有110个,肺癌134个而鼻咽组织有158个;5个EST在鼻咽高表达但鼻咽癌低表达,3个EST在鼻咽癌高表达但正常鼻咽低表达.结果表明鼻咽癌与正常鼻咽及肺癌组织存在差异表达基因,可能还有新基因在鼻咽癌发生中起作用;采用高密度cDNA微阵列是一种筛选差异表达基因的快速有效方法.     

鼻咽癌组织cDNA文库的构建及抗原基因的筛选

构建人鼻咽癌组织cDNA文库,以SEREX方法从cDNA文库中筛选鼻咽癌抗原基因。采用确诊鼻咽癌患者新鲜活检癌组织构建cDNA文库,测定原始文库滴度,进行蓝白筛选以确定文库的重组率。以建库组织来源患者的自身血清,采用“一对一” 的血清学方法筛选所构建的cDNA文库,阳性克隆经PCR检测鉴定后进行序列分析。经测定原始文库滴度为7.28×10⁶pfu/mL,含3.64×10⁶个重组子,重组率为94%,扩增文库滴度为3.8×10⁹pfu/mL,cDNA插入片段大小在0.5～3.0kb之间。文库经三轮血清学筛选共获得23个阳性克隆,分别代表了16个独立的cDNA插入片段（抗原基因）。其中10个与已知基因高度同源,另外6个基因与GenBank中已知基因的部分同源,其中有3个是新基因。利用SMART技术构建了高质量的人鼻咽癌组织cDNA表达文库,有利于以cDNA文库为基础的进一步的实验研究。应用SEREX技术初步筛选鼻咽癌组织cDNA文库,共得到16个鼻咽癌相关抗原基因,其中有3个是新基因,可能为鼻咽癌的免疫学研究提供新的研究分子。     

DADS诱导HL-60 G2/M期阻滞消减文库的构建与初步筛选

目的:构建DADS诱导HL60-细胞G2/M期阻滞的差异表达文库,初步筛选相关基因.方法:分别提取无DADS和有DADS处理HL-60细胞的总RNA和mRNA,构建消减cDNA文库.随即挑选正向SSH的阳性克隆,PCR检测插入片段,将含插入片段的克隆测序.Blastn分析差异cDNA片段的同源性.结果:构建了DADS诱导人白血病HL-60细胞G2/M期阻滞差异表达文库,其中包含120个正向SSH的克隆和100个反向SSH的克隆.50个随机正向SSH的克隆测序、比较同源性,发现5个新EST片段,已经在GenBank中登录.结论:所构建的DADS诱导人白血病HL-60细胞G2/M期阻滞消减文库为进一步筛选白血病HL-60细胞G2/M期阻滞相关基因奠定了基础.     

发育特异基因及其在RNA水平上的表达

从λ噬菌体gtll的cDNA表达文库筛选到7个胡萝卜体细胞发育特异的基因克隆,并对它们进行了纯化、分离噬菌体DNA,限制酶消化,琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定,以及将cDNA插入片段再克隆到pIBI或p^Uc18质粒等处理。然后,通过Southern blot分析,证明克隆16,22,50及60等为新的cDNA基因。此外,又通过Northern blot分析测定了这些基因的组织特异性表达及时序表达。结果表明,克隆22是一种受发育调节,与胡萝卜体细胞胚胎形成密切相关的基因。     

双阳梅花鹿三个EST序列的发现

采用HSV 1－2 TK和人IL－1β特异性引物分别对鹿肝组织cDNA文库及鹿血cDNA进行PCR扩增,得到的特异性cDNA片段分别连入TA克隆载体测序,得到三个EST,输入GeneBank,Swissprot dbEST等数据库中进行同源比较分析,同源分析表明,获得双阳梅花鹿三个基因EST,EST－1为梅花鹿α2－抗纤溶酶同源基因EST,EST－2为梅花鹿水通道蛋白同源基因EST,EST－3为鹿血未知基因EST,并含有一个267个碱基编码88个氨基酸的开放读码框架。     

金黄色葡萄球菌基因组表达文库的构建及免疫学初步筛选

为从基因组水平筛选金黄色葡萄球菌疫苗抗原,建立金黄色葡萄球菌基因组表达文库,用患者恢复期血清对表达文库进行血清学筛选,并对获得的阳性克隆进行序列测定及同源性分析。结果显示,构建的金黄色葡萄球菌基因组表达文库共有5×10~4个克隆,片段插入正确率为91.67%。对文库进行初步筛选,共获得6个阳性克隆,经测序鉴定和同源性分析发现6个克隆涉及金黄色葡萄球菌基因组6个开放阅读框(ORF)。结果表明,本研究建立的疫苗抗原筛选方法可用于金黄色葡萄球菌疫苗抗原的系统筛选。     

日本鬼鲉毒腺cDNA表达文库的构建和初步分析

以海洋生物日本鬼鲉毒腺为材料,应用SMART^TM cDNA Library Construction技术,构建以真核表达载体pcDNA3.0为基础的日本鬼鲉毒腺cDNA表达文库.通过对文库克隆的序列测定和初步生物信息学分析,获得94个日本鬼鲉毒腺新表达序列标签（ESTs）,其中已确定全长cDNA的克隆有35个,包括溶细胞素基因、类短链神经毒素蛋白、C型凝集素、巨噬细胞迁移抑制因子、致病相关基因等,这些基因在日本鬼鲉中绝大多数为首次发现.日本鬼鲉毒腺cDNA表达文库的成功构建,为深入研究日本鬼鲉毒腺的组分及其分子作用机理奠定了基础.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.