离子凝胶法制备壳聚糖载药微囊

目的:采用离子凝胶法,建立制备壳聚糖载药微囊的方法,探讨最佳制备条件,考察药物电荷情况对微囊包封率的影响.方法:以三聚磷酸钠(TPP)为交联剂、牛血清白蛋白(BSA)为模型药物,以微囊包封率为优化指标,通过正交实验探索微囊最佳制备工艺;再分别以BSA(带负电)和异烟肼(带正电)为模型药物按照最佳工艺制备微囊,并比较两种微囊包封率.结果:最佳制备条件为:壳聚糖/TPP(w/w)3.75:1、pH值5.0、TPP滴加速度20滴/min、搅拌速度200 r/mim.带有负电荷的药物(BSA)微囊包封率明显高于带有正电荷的药物(异烟肼)微囊(P＜0.001).结论:离子凝胶法制备微囊方法简单,条件温和,比较适合用于带有负电荷药物微囊的制备.     

壳聚糖-吲哚美辛缓释微囊的制备工艺及微囊的性能

目的 研究以壳聚糖和阿拉伯胶为囊材，将吲哚美辛微囊化的制备工艺。方法 以微囊的药物包封率为制备工艺优化指标，利用复凝聚法，通过正交实验得出微囊的最佳制备工艺条件。结果 壳聚糖浓度为0．4％、成囊pH为3．0、搅拌速度为200r／min、成囊温度为60C为最佳工艺条件。红外与紫外光谱分析表明在成囊过程中吲哚美辛与壳聚糖发生共价结合。结论 以最佳制备工艺条件制备含药微囊，重现性好，工艺稳定，同时体外溶出实验表明，该微囊具有较好的缓释作用。     

改性胺微胶囊固化剂制备工艺的优化与性能

以改性胺1618固化剂为囊芯、脲醛树脂为壁材单体,采用界面聚合技术,成功制备了一种新型聚脲改性胺微胶囊固化剂。通过正交设计试验,考察了芯壁质量比、乳化剂种类和质量分数及搅拌速率对微胶囊包覆率、粒径大小及分布情况的影响,并确定了最佳制备工艺条件。采用马尔文激光粒度仪、扫描电镜对微胶囊粒径大小、分布情况及表面形貌进行表征,采用热重分析仪及傅里叶变换红外光谱对其化学结构进行表征,通过拉伸试验对自修复材料的断裂力学性能进行研究。结果表明,该微胶囊含有固化剂芯材,其热稳定温度为198 °C,当芯壁质量比为0.7∶1、乳化剂为阿拉伯胶、乳化剂质量分数为1.5%、搅拌速率为800 r/min时,所制备的微胶囊包覆率达到79.8%,平均粒径为207.5 nm,呈规则的球形,分散性及表面致密性好。当基体材料中加入质量分数为1%的微胶囊后,拉伸强度提高64%,弹性模量提高287%。     

克拉霉素微囊的制备工艺研究

目的:研究克拉霉素微囊的制备工艺,以提高儿童用药的顺应性. 方法:以明胶为囊材,加入增塑剂,采用单凝聚法制备克拉霉素微囊.以微囊包封率、粒径和形态为评价指标,通过正交设计确定克拉霉素微囊的最佳制备工艺. 结果:克拉霉素微囊最佳制备工艺为明胶液浓度40%,pH4 ,温度40 ℃,增塑剂与明胶用量比为0.25. 结论:以最佳制备工艺条件制备含药微囊,重现性好,工艺稳定,口感得到极大改善.     

制备条件对白蛋白纳米粒表征的影响

目的 通过进行白蛋白纳米载体制备工艺的研究,考察固化温度、固化时间、搅拌速度对纳米粒制备的影响,确定白蛋白纳米粒制备的优化条件.方法 在其他制备条件固定的情况下,分别采用不同的固化温度、固化时间、搅拌速度.比较不同条件下制备的纳米粒的形态和粒径.结果 ①搅拌速度2 000 r/min时的粒径分布范围明显小于500、1 000、1 500和2 500 r/min时的范围;②固化温度120℃时的粒径分布范围明显小于60、80和100℃时的范围;③固化时间时粒径分布的影响较小.结论 白蛋白纳米粒制备的优化条件为:搅拌速度2000 r/min、固化温度120℃、固化时间20min.     

壳聚糖/海藻酸钠自组装微囊的制备及表征

目的:研究层层自组装方法制备壳聚糖/海藻酸钠微胶囊并对其表征。方法:分别以壳聚糖(CS)和海藻酸钠(ALG)为阳离子组分和阴离子组分,采用层层自组装技术在碳酸钙(CaCO3)微球模板上交替自组装,制备核/壳结构微胶囊,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、粒径分析仪、Zeta电位仪、热重分析(TGA)等分析手段对制备的微囊进行表征。结果:利用含有羧甲基纤维素纳(CMC)的CaCO3微球作为模板制备得到微胶囊,SEM及粒径分析仪表征结果表明得到了表面光滑、粒径均一(2～5μm)的微胶囊,TGA结果显示CaCO3微球中CMC失重质量为5.26%,ζ-电位的变化揭示了CS和ALG在CaCO3微球上的层层增长。结论:制备的微囊圆整且粒径均一,为微囊作为给药载体提供了基础。     

纯化海藻酸钠在间充质干细胞微囊化中的应用

目的 应用纯化海藻酸钠(PSA)制备间充质干细胞(MSCs)的微胶囊.方法 制备MSCs细胞悬液,MTT法分别测定PSA或海藻酸钠(SA)处理对MSCs增殖的影响.分别以PSA和SA为囊材,制备MSCs的海藻酸钠-聚赖氨酸微囊.倒置显微镜下观察微囊形态;以微胶囊破损率为指标考察其机械强度;EB/Calcein-AM染色并于荧光显微镜下分析微囊化细胞存活率.SD大鼠体内移植试验对比不同回收时间点两种微囊的完整性和囊周纤维化程度.结果 MTT法测定结果显示,PSA处理组MSCs的吸光度值明显高于SA处理组.与SA制备的微囊比较,PSA制备的微囊粒径均匀,微囊膜破损率较低,不同时间点的细胞存活率回升明显.SD大鼠体内移植试验显示,SA组回收微囊约25%破损,而PSA组回收微囊的破损率＜10%.同时,PSA组囊周纤维化程度低于SA组.结论 PSA可应用于MSCs的微囊化中,其具有机械强度高及生物相容性好的优点.     

星点设计优化5-氟尿嘧啶壳聚糖微囊的制备工艺

目的:应用星点设计法优化5-氟尿嘧啶壳聚糖微囊的制备工艺,以提高微囊性质的可预测性。方法:以壳聚糖为囊材,采用单凝聚法将5-氟尿嘧啶微囊化,以载药量、包封率、粒径、跨距为因变量对壳聚糖浓度、芯壁比、乳化剂用量和成囊温度4个自变量的各水平进行多元线性回归和二项式拟合,并进行预测分析。结果:通过星点设计法得出微囊的最佳制备工艺条件为:壳聚糖浓度为质量分数0.15%,芯壁比1.5,乳化剂的用量8%,成囊温度50℃。结论:星点设计法优化微囊制备工艺预测性良好,制得的微囊具有囊型好、粒径分布均匀、重现性好、包封率高且制备工艺稳定的特点。     

喷雾干燥法制备陈皮挥发油微囊的影响因素考察

目的探索喷雾干燥技术对制备陈皮挥发油微囊成型性的影响。方法以阿拉伯胶为囊材,采用喷雾干燥法制备陈皮挥发油微囊。单因素考察进风温度、进样速度、喷雾空气流量以及排风容积。采用均匀设计对工艺参数进行优选。结果最佳条件为囊材阿拉伯胶与药物比为0.9,增塑剂微粉硅胶与囊材比为0.15,进风温度145℃,进样速度18mL/min,喷雾空气流量40L/h。制得的微囊表面较光滑,平均包封率达84.50%,平均载药量为28.32%。结论所选用的喷雾干燥法优化条件比较合理,能够较显著的提高挥发油微囊的稳定性。     

农药缓释剂的研究—Ⅰ

本文首次将中西除虫菊酯用于控制释放,制备了以聚氨酯和聚脲为壁膜的微胶囊型缓释剂和以聚甲基丙烯酸酯为载体的整体型缓释剂(薄膜缓释剂)。分别用测残留量法和生物鉴定法测定了两种剂型缓释剂的农药释发速度,证明了它们的长效性和实用性。微胶囊型缓释剂的释放速度为常数,满足封闭—渗透释放机理;整体型缓释剂的农药释放速度在释放初期很快,然后变慢,满足扩散—溶质释放机理。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.