双目间接检眼镜成像系统在早产儿视网膜病变筛查培训中的应用

目的:探讨运用双目间接检眼镜成像系统进行早产儿视网膜病变(retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)教学的方法。方法:采用计算机辅助的双目间接检眼镜成像系统对2008-05/2010-10来我院参加国家级继续教育培训班及进修的481名学员进行早产儿视网膜病变相关知识的教学及双目间接检眼镜成像系统的基本操作的培训,观察培训效果。结果:通过培训,84.8%的学员能在1wk内了解中国早产孩子的正常眼底特点、ROP病变的典型眼底,能鉴别常见的易混淆的眼底病变及正确的激光光凝方法等,均能熟练掌握双目间接检眼镜的成像原理,ROP的基本筛查流程。在我院集中训练的学员90.0%在3mo内能够熟练掌握双目间接检眼镜的使用并能开展筛查工作,并向筛查治疗中心输送需治疗的患者。运用此系统进行培训与运用常规方法进行培训的效果对比,两者具有明显的统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:双目间接检眼镜成像系统用于ROP筛查的培训中直观、易掌握、可行性强,值得推广。     

计算机辅助间接检眼镜成像技术条件下的早产儿视网膜光凝手术模式

目的:观察使用计算机辅助双目间接检眼镜成像技术对早产儿视网膜病变(retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)进行表面麻醉下光凝手术的效果,探讨计算机辅助双目间接检眼镜成像技术条件下进行ROP光凝手术模式的应用价值。方法:回顾性研究,阈值前1期及阈值期ROP患儿58例116眼在术前、术中、术后分别使用计算机辅助的双目间接检眼镜成像技术对患儿视网膜进行检查,术前检查用于设计手术方案,术中检查用于检测病变区激光治疗的遗漏区,手术结束时用于记录手术效果。手术在实施心电监护后的表面麻醉下进行。随访3~12mo。结果:本组病例中术中使用计算机辅助双目间接检眼镜成像技术检查可及时发现36眼(31.0%)存在遗漏区,立即补充激光治疗。所有116眼一次激光治疗后ROP病变得到控制。随访结束时所有术眼均未出现视网膜不良结构。结论:表面麻醉条件下的早产儿视网膜光凝手术过程中,使用计算机辅助双目间接检眼镜成像技术进行眼底检查,可及时发现激光遗漏区,立即补充激光治疗后能够有效避免二次手术。     

计算机辅助双目间接检眼镜成像技术下早产儿视网膜病变的鉴别诊断

早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)是早产儿和低体重儿视网膜发生的一种血管增生性病变[1],早期诊断和适时治疗是挽救患儿视力的关键.临床常用的ROP筛查设备广角数码视网膜成像系统(RetCam)因价格昂贵而未普及;双目间接检眼镜检查仍然是国内外公认的ROP诊断与鉴别诊断的主要方法[2].但临床实际工作中,使用双目间接检眼镜检查诊断该病时常有误诊情况发生.现对我们近期接受转诊和会诊过程中,使用计算机辅助双目间接检眼镜成像技术检查发现的6例ROP误诊情况分析如F.     

RetCam数字视网膜照相机在早产儿视网膜病变筛查中的应用

早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)是未成熟的视网膜血管异常发育和增生导致的病变,是引起早产儿致盲的主要原因之一.对低孕周和低出生体重的早产儿开展筛查,能早期发现和治疗ROP,减少致盲.传统的筛查方法是使用双目间接检眼镜,需要一定的检查经验,结果不易准确记录.RetCam数字视网膜照相机(简称RetCam)可观察并记录婴幼儿视网膜图像,近年来在ROP筛查中得到了一定应用.为了解RetCam在ROP筛查中的有效性和安全性,我们将它与双目间接检眼镜检查结果和安全性进行了比较,总结如下.     

双目间接检眼镜联合RetCam Ⅱ进行ROP筛查的比较研究

目的:研究联合使用双目间接检眼镜与RetCam Ⅱ广域数字眼底照相系统的必要性,分析联合使用两种方法进行早产儿视网膜病变(retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)筛查的结果。方法:2009-10-01/2010-10-31通过使用计算机辅助的双目间接检眼镜成像系统和RetCam Ⅱ对我院眼科门诊、新生儿科病房和新生儿重症监护室的早产低出生体重儿进行定期的眼底检查,眼底定期复查至早产儿的鼻、颞侧周边视网膜完全血管化为止。对确诊患儿建立图像和数据档案,及时追踪其病变发展与转归,当病情进展至阈值前期和阈值期病变时进行手术治疗,术后定期复查至其病变已完全消退或静止无进展。最后对确诊患儿资料进行统计分析。结果:在筛查时间内,对1431例符合早产儿视网膜病变筛查条件的早产低出生体重儿(胎龄27～35周;出生体质量0.8～2.5kg)进行眼底检查和定期复查,确诊ROP患儿111例(7.76%),其中单独使用RetCam Ⅱ检查发现ROP确诊者53例,对疑似病例同时使用计算机辅助双目间接检眼镜成像行检查后ROP确诊者58例。定期复查后病变消退者占67.57%,病变进展为ROPⅠ型阈值前期者19例和ROP阈值期及以上者15例,34例患儿进行视网膜激光光凝术,31例术后效果良好,2例ROP4A期患者术后效果不明显。结论:本研究发现早产儿孕周越小,出生体质量越低,ROP的发生率越高,其病变程度越重,需要及时筛查早期干预治疗。通过联合使用计算机辅助的双目间接检眼镜成像系统和RetCam Ⅱ进行早产儿眼底检查有助于提高ROP的诊断率,有利于资料客观保存和ROP筛查培训。     

数字化双目间接眼底镜检查系统在早产儿视网膜病变筛查中的应用

目的：：研究番禺区早产儿视网膜病变发病率,探讨带视频录像的双目间接眼底镜在我国基层医院早产儿视网膜筛查中的可行性。方法：采用前瞻性研究方法,使用带视频录像的双目间接眼底镜对番禺区2010-01/2011-12185例早产儿进行眼底检查。结果：发现ROP者14例。其中,ROP Ⅲ区I期者7例,Ⅲ区Ⅱ期者3例,Ⅲ区Ⅲ期者2例,Ⅱ区Ⅲ期者2例,未发现Ⅳ期及V期病变。结论：我国番禺地区ROP的发病率为7.5%。数字化间接双目检眼镜可用于基层医院筛查早产儿视网膜病变。     

RetCam数字视网膜照相机在早产儿视网膜病变筛查中的应用

早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）是未成熟的视网膜血管异常发育和增生导致的病变，是引起早产儿致盲的主要原因之一。对低孕周和低出生体重的早产儿开展筛查，能早期发现和治疗ROP，减少致盲，传统的筛查方法是使用双目间接检眼镜，需要一定的检查经验，结果不易准确记录，RetCam数字视网膜照相机（简称RetCam）可观察并记录婴幼儿视网膜图像，     

广角数码儿童视网膜成像系统进行早产儿视网膜病变筛查研究

目的：探讨广角数码儿童视网膜成像系统( RetCamⅡ)进行早产儿视网膜病变( ROP)筛查的临床价值。
　　方法：选择2012-01/2015-12产科符合筛查标准的200例400眼早产儿采用RetCamⅡ进行ROP筛查,以双目间接眼底镜检查结果作为金标准,计算RetCamⅡ筛查早产儿ROP的价值。
　　结果：本次筛查200例400眼早产儿,双目间接眼底镜检查共检出ROP病变63眼,ROP患病率为15.8%,其中正常337眼、ROPⅠ期42眼、Ⅱ期14眼、Ⅲ期7眼、Ⅳ期0眼、Ⅴ期0眼;RetCamⅡ共计筛查出ROP病变64眼,其中误诊5眼、诊断级别降低6眼。 RetCam Ⅱ检出结果与双目间接眼底镜检查结果的一致性Kappa值为0.814( P<0.05)。 RetCam Ⅱ筛查早产儿 ROP 病变的灵敏度为93.7%、特异度为98.5%、漏诊率为6.4%、误诊率为1.5%、阳性预测值92.2%、阴性预测值98.8%。
　　结论：RetCam Ⅱ进行早产ROP筛查具有较高的临床实用价值。     

基层医院早产儿视网膜病变筛查方式及筛查标准探讨

目的 了解广州市番禺区早产儿视网膜病变发生情况,探讨现阶段适合我国基层医院早产儿视网膜病变筛查的方式及标准.方法 按照广州市的筛查标准,用带视频录像的双目间接眼底镜对番禺区1270例早产儿及低体重儿进行眼底检查,观察早产儿视网膜病变的发生情况.将筛查结果与按照我国卫生部制定的ROP筛查标准筛查结果进行比较.结果 发现ROP者14例,如果按照卫生部的筛查标准进行筛查,有1例漏诊.按照卫生部的筛查标准计算,发病率为7.5％.其中,ROPⅢ区Ⅰ期者7例,Ⅲ区Ⅱ期者3例,Ⅲ区Ⅲ期者2例,Ⅱ区Ⅲ期者2例,未发现Ⅳ期及V期病变,需要治疗的2例.在检查过程前后,35例患儿发生不同程度的球结膜下出血;2例患儿头皮下见大量出血点;1例患儿发生急性结膜炎;28例患儿家属诉患儿筛查后睡觉时常惊叫.未发现有呼吸暂停、休克等严重并发症.结论 带视频录像的双目间接检眼镜检查适合基层医院眼科行早产儿视网膜筛查.我国卫生部制定的筛查标准适合番禺地区ROP的筛查工作.     

RetCam Ⅱ小儿视网膜检查系统在婴幼儿眼底病筛查中的应用

目的评价RetCamⅡ小儿视网膜检查系统在婴幼儿眼底病筛查中的应用价值。方法对我院568例（1136只眼）婴幼儿患者,进行眼底筛查,将RetCamⅡ小儿视网膜检查系统的眼底检查结果与间接检眼镜确诊结果相比较。结果RetCamⅡ小儿视网膜检查系统检查发现有较大临床意义的眼底病变56例（98只眼）,间接检眼镜检查确诊眼底病变56例（96只眼）。1例患者,RetCamⅡ诊断为2期早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）,被间接检眼镜证实为3期ROP。RetCamⅡ对眼底疾病筛查的敏感度达到100％,特异度达97．9％。结论RetCamⅡ为婴幼儿眼底疾病的筛查提供了一条简便、高效的途径。     

Study of the Retinal Imaging and Output in Premature Baby under a Computer-assisted Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscope

 Purpose: To explore a clear retinal imaging and output and enhance the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening, which is safe and effective for ROP screening in premature infants. Methods: A computer-assisted binocular indirect ophthalmoscope imaging and output system was equipped with camera and image processing hardware and connected to computers. The process of fundus examination was videotaped (photograph) and output. Simulated eyes were utilized to debug video head and acquire stable and clear fundus images by binocular indirect ophthalmoscope for premature infants. Results: Fundus imaging output technique was sucessfully established. The common reasons of unclear imaging and corresponding solutions were summarized. This technique can capture and output stable and clear fundus images of premature infants. Conclusion: Assisted by hardware and software processing, a compute assisted binocular indirect ophthalmoscope imaging and output system was established, which can be used for screening, research, treatment and follow-up of ROP in premature babies to resolve the difficulty in obtaining clear fundus photograph.     

Retcam Ⅲ数字视网膜照相机在早产儿视网膜病变筛查中的应用

目的　探讨ＲｅｔｃａｍⅢ数字视网膜照相机在早产儿视网膜病变筛查中的应用。方法　选取２０１１年１１月至２０１２年１２ 月我院收治的符合筛查标准的３００例早产儿,分别采用双目间接检眼镜成像系统和ＲｅｔｃａｍⅢ数字视网膜照相机进行检查,分别记录两种检测技术的详细结果,采用双目间接检眼镜检测数据为标准对照,分别统计ＲｅｔｃａｍⅢ数字视网膜照相机的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值。结果　ＲｅｔｃａｍⅢ数字视网膜照相机和双目间接检眼镜成像系统检测后分别准确诊断５０例（１６．６７％）和４８例（１６．００％）,两组诊断准确率比较,差异无统计学意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）。ＲｅｔｃａｍⅢ数字视网膜照相机准确诊断５０ 例中,Ⅰ期病变６例,Ⅱ期病变１４例,Ⅲ期病变２４例,Ⅳ、Ⅴ期病变６例;双目间接检眼镜成像系统准确诊断４８例中,Ⅰ期病变７例,Ⅱ期病变１１例,Ⅲ期病变２４例,Ⅳ、Ⅴ期病变６例;两组病变分期诊断比较,差异无统计学意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）。在ＲＯＰ诊断方面,ＲｅｔｃａｍⅢ数字视网膜照相机准确诊断５０例,双目间接检眼镜成像系统准确诊断４８例,灵敏度高达１００．００％,特异度有９６．００％,阳性预测值为９５．１０％,阴性预测值为０．２３％。在阈值前病变和阈值病变诊断方面,双目间接检眼镜成像系统准确诊断３５例,双目间接检眼镜成像系统准确诊断３３例,灵敏度高达１００％,特异度有９４．２９％,阳性预测值为９３．５５％,阴性预测值为０．１６％。结论　ＲｅｔｃａｍⅢ数字视网膜照相机可以作为早产儿视网膜病变准确、有效、安全的筛查工具。     

Non-ophthalmologist screening for retinopathy of prematurity

AIM: To determine if a non-ophthalmologist can accurately screen for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) by evaluating the posterior pole blood vessels of the retina. ROP is a common ocular disorder of premature infants and may require multiple screening examinations by an ophthalmologist to allow for timely intervention. Since there is a strong correlation between posterior pole vascular abnormalities and vision threatening ROP, screening examinations performed by non-ophthalmologist may yield useful clinical information in high risk infants. METHODS: Infants born at the Medical University of South Carolina who met screening criteria (n = 142) were examined by a single non-ophthalmologist using a direct ophthalmoscope to evaluate the posterior pole blood vessels for abnormalities of the venules and/or arterioles. To determine the accuracy of the non-ophthalmologist's clinical observations, infants were also examined by an ophthalmologist, using an indirect ophthalmoscope, who graded the posterior pole vessels as normal, dilated venules, or dilated and tortuous venules and arterioles (including "plus disease"). RESULTS: There was significant correlation (p <0.001) between the non-ophthalmologist's and ophthalmologist's diagnoses of posterior pole vascular abnormalities. 47 infants had normal posterior pole blood vessels by the non-ophthalmologist examination. Of these, 31 (66%) were considered to have normal vessels and 16 (34%) to have dilated venules by the ophthalmologist. The non-ophthalmologist correctly identified abnormal posterior pole vessels in all 21 infants diagnosed with abnormal arterioles and venules by the ophthalmologist. No infants with clinically important ROP ("prethreshold" or worse) would have failed detection by this screening method. CONCLUSION: Using a direct ophthalmoscope, a non-ophthalmologist can screen premature infants at risk for ROP by evaluating the posterior pole blood vessels of the retina. While not necessarily recommended for routine clinical practice, this technique may nevertheless be of value to those situations where ophthalmological consultation is unavailable or difficult to obtain.     

Review of the use of digital imaging in retinopathy of prematurity screening

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vision-threatening vasoproliferative condition of premature infants worldwide. As survival rates of younger and smaller infants improve, more babies are at risk for the development of ROP and blindness. Meanwhile, fewer ophthalmologists are available for bedside indirect ophthalmoscopy screening examinations. Remote digital imaging is a promising method with which to identify those infants with treatment-requiring or referral-warranted ROP quickly and accurately, and may help circumvent issues regarding the limited availability of ROP screening providers. The Retcam imaging system is the most common system for fundus photography, with which high-quality photographs can be obtained by trained non-physician personnel and evaluated by a remote expert. It has been shown to have high reliability and accuracy in detecting referral-warranted ROP, particularly at later postmenstrual ages. Additionally, the method is generally well received by parents and is highly cost-effective.     

Review of the Use of Digital Imaging in Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vision-threatening vasoproliferative condition of premature infants worldwide. As survival rates of younger and smaller infants improve, more babies are at risk for the development of ROP and blindness. Meanwhile, fewer ophthalmologists are available for bedside indirect ophthalmoscopy screening examinations. Remote digital imaging is a promising method with which to identify those infants with treatment-requiring or referral-warranted ROP quickly and accurately, and may help circumvent issues regarding the limited availability of ROP screening providers. The Retcam imaging system is the most common system for fundus photography, with which high-quality photographs can be obtained by trained non-physician personnel and evaluated by a remote expert. It has been shown to have high reliability and accuracy in detecting referral-warranted ROP, particularly at later postmenstrual ages. Additionally, the method is generally well received by parents and is highly cost-effective.     

标准方位眼底摄像技术在早产儿视网膜病变远程筛查中的应用

目的　观察标准方位眼底摄像技术在早产儿视网膜病变（retinopathy of prematurity，ROP）远程筛查中的应用价值。方法　将2016年11月至2018年2月通过我院ROP远程筛查阅片系统筛查的早产儿1402例2804眼纳入研究，男711例1422眼，女691例1382眼。所有早产儿均使用双目间接眼底镜检查和广角数码视网膜成像系统完成眼底标准方位摄像，并将图像上传至远程阅片系统进行远程阅片。统计远程阅片系统检出ROP发病的阳性率、假阴性率、灵敏度、特异度以及ROP总发病率，评价标准方位眼底摄像技术在ROP远程筛查中的价值。结果　1402例2804眼经远程筛查系统阅片，84例168眼发病，阳性率为6.0%；因图像模糊或方位不佳导致阅片困难，可疑病变，而双目间接眼底镜检查确诊的ROP患者5例10眼，假阴性率为0.3%，灵敏度为94.4%；所有患儿总发病率为6.3%，需要激光或抗血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)治疗的重症ROP患儿28例56眼，占2.0%，其中急进型后极部ROP患儿5例10眼、阈值期患儿14例28眼、阈值前1型患儿9例18眼。重症ROP患儿中，26例52眼经一次激光或抗VEGF治疗后病情得到控制，2例4眼急进型后极部ROP患儿经抗VEGF治疗后4周病情复发，再次给予激光光凝治疗后病情稳定。所有患儿无一例漏诊、误诊、贻误最佳治疗时机者。结论　标准方位眼底摄像技术是ROP远程筛查的有力保障；ROP远程筛查阅片系统对ROP病变检出灵敏度高，可以有效解决目前ROP专业防治人员相对缺乏的困境。     

RetCam与BIO在ROP筛查中的应用效果对比

目的：比较广角数码视网膜成像系统(RetCam)与双目间接检眼镜(BIO)在早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)筛查中的应用效果。

方法：对2014-05/2017-05在我院出生的1 624例3 248眼早产儿进行RetCam与BIO检查，对比两种检查方法对ROP的筛查结果及不良事件发生情况。

结果：早产儿1 624例3 248眼中，RetCam检出ROP患儿196例392眼，BIO检出ROP患儿189例378眼，二者的分期结果与分区病变结果比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)； 以BIO检查结果为标准，RetCam检查的敏感性、特异性、假阳性率、阳性预测值分别为100.00%、99.51%、3.57%、96.43%； RetCam与BIO的不良事件发生率分别为0.18%、0.22%，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

结论：RetCam与BIO筛查ROP具有较高一致性，RetCam可以替代BIO作为ROP的筛查方法。