变应性支气管肺曲霉病三例并文献复习

目的 探讨变应性支气管肺曲霉病(ABPA)的临床与影像学特点,提高早期诊断率.方法 通过中国生物医学文献光盘数据库(CBM-Disk)检索1991年1月至2008年3月有关报道ABPA的文献,剔除重复累计报道病例,结合本院收治的3例患者,回顾性分析我国ABPA的临床资料.结果 57例ABPA中,男33例,女24例,平均年龄(41±15)岁.主要临床表现:咳嗽51例,咳痰50例,喘息47例,气促44例,发热33例,咯血28例,咳痰栓史18例,胸痛13例,消瘦8例.外周血嗜酸粒细胞绝对值为(0.01～15.34)×10<'9>/L,中位值为2.46×10<'9>/L.外周血总IgE为349～13 000IU/ml.41例行肺功能检查,FEV<,1>%为(64±25)%,FEV<,1>/FVC%为(63±11)%.9例支气管舒张试验阳性,3例组胺激发试验阴性.33例行胸部高分辨率(HR)CT检查,斑片状渗出影32例,中心性支气管扩张25例,树杈样或条状影12例,结节影11例,实变影8例,纵隔淋巴结增大13例,病变游走24例.结论 我国ABPA少见,临床症状无特异性.对可疑患者应及早行外周血嗜酸细胞计数、血清IgE检测、曲霉皮肤试验及纤维支气管镜等检查.     

肺泡微石症3例并文献复习

目的加强对肺泡微石症的认识,提高其诊断率。方法通过中国生物医学文献光盘数据库(CBM-Disk)检索1994年1月至2010年5月有关报道肺泡微石症的文献,剔除重复累计报道病例,结合本院收治的3例,回顾性分析中国人肺泡微石症的临床资料。结果共报道了120例肺泡微石症,男70例(58.3％),女50例(41.7％)。有临床症状者65例,主要表现为咳嗽51例(42.5％)、气促49例(40.8％)、咯痰26例(21.7％)、胸痛18例(15.0％)、胸闷17例(14.2％)、心悸4例(3.3％)、咯血3例(2.5％)。无症状者55例。肺功能检查22例,7例正常,12例呈限制性通气功能障碍,弥散功能下降。120例均行胸部X线检查,显示双肺粟粒影106例,其中92例中下肺粟粒影增加,病灶聚集融合41例,肺门正常104例,心膈模糊55例,线状钙化48例,肺尖气肿1例。结论我国肺泡微石症较为少见,临床症状无特异性,易漏诊、误诊。对可疑患者应及早行胸部高分辨率CT及纤维支气管镜肺活检以确诊。     

肺炎型细支气管肺泡癌6例临床分析

目的提高对肺炎型细支气管肺泡细胞癌(bronchioloalveolar carcinoma,BAC)的临床及影像学特点的认识。方法对2006年1月至2011年7月在巢湖市第一人民医院确诊的6例肺炎型BAC患者的临床症状、影像学特点、误诊情况等资料进行分析。结果 6例BAC患者男女各3例,年龄为47～78岁。6例中5例以咳嗽、咳痰为首发表现,其中咳大量泡沫痰2例,合并咯血1例,合并胸闷、呼吸困难2例。影像学检查主要表现为肺部实变及磨玻璃样影,位于周边部。2例经手术后标本病理确诊,4例经皮肺穿刺活检病理确诊。结论肺炎型BAC易误诊,咳嗽、咳痰为其主要症状,影像学检查以肺部实变影为主。经皮肺穿刺活检对肺炎型BAC诊断帮助较大。     

弥漫型细支气管肺泡癌1例报告并文献复习

目的提高对弥漫型细支气管肺泡癌的认识。方法报道l例弥漫型细支气管肺泡癌并进行文献复习。结果弥漫型细支气管肺泡癌少见,临床表现为进行性胸闷、气促、呼吸困难。影像学上为弥漫分布,但表现多样。结论弥漫型细支气管肺泡癌临床无典型性,影像学表现多样,极易误诊为其它肺内疾病,治疗上以化疗及分子靶向药物治疗为主。     

肺炎型细支气管肺泡细胞癌1例并文献复习

目的探讨肺炎型细支气管肺泡细胞癌的临床特征及诊断。方法 1例肺炎型细支气管肺泡细胞癌同时结合国内外文献复习。结果肺炎型细支气管肺泡细胞癌,首发症状以咳嗽、咯血及进行性呼吸困难为多见,实变肺密度低、蜂窝肺征、血管造影征尤其是血管高密度征、枯树枝征及多发腺泡结节是其胸部CT的主要表现特点。结论肺炎型细支气管肺泡细胞癌临床及影像学表现多样,易误诊误治,经支气管镜肺活检及支气管肺泡灌洗找脱落细胞是诊断肺炎型细支气管肺泡细胞癌的可靠方法。     

结节型细支气管肺泡癌CT影像及病理比较

1981年WHO将细支气管肺泡癌(bronchioalveolar carcinoma,BAC)定为肺腺癌的一个亚型,是一种分化较好的腺癌,很少发生肺外转移.孤立结节型BAC往往被认为是其影像表现发展过程中的初始阶段.近年来多家统计研究证明,BAC的发病率逐年增长[1,2].因此,早期鉴别诊断BAC,对临床治疗及预后意义重大.     

细支气管肺泡细胞癌24例分析

我院自1980年以来共手术治疗、并经病理证实的细支气管肺泡细胞癌(bronchioloalveolarcarcinoma ,BAC) 2 4例,现将其临床病理资料总结报告如下。临床资料　本组2 4例中男13例,女11例,年龄31～74岁(平均5 7岁)。临床症状以单纯咳嗽就诊者2例,胸痛2例;咳嗽伴血痰、胸痛、发热等症状者12例;无症状体检发现肺部阴影8例。本组16例无吸烟史;7例被误诊为肺炎,6例被误诊为肺结核。胸部X线和CT检查,所有患者肺内均有异常阴影,其中表现为中心型6例,周围型18例;孤立结节团块影17例,多发性结节团块影5例,片絮状阴影边缘不清似炎性浸润阴影2例。术前2 …     

肺内神经鞘瘤七例临床分析并文献复习

目的通过临床病例分析,了解肺内神经鞘瘤的临床和影像表现,提高鉴别诊断能力. 方法对1979年1月～2001年10月期间收治的7例肺内神经鞘瘤的临床、影像学表现及诊断依据进行分析. 结果主要症状:小量咯血、咳嗽、发热、气促、胸痛.纤维支气管镜检查:支气管腔内见新生物3例,外压性狭窄2例.影像表现:左总支气管腔内见结节阻塞2例 ;肺内单发肿块4例;多发肿块1例(2个病灶).肿块边缘光整3 个(良性2个,恶性1个) ,毛糙 3个(恶性).CT增强扫描,表现为网格样强化1个(良性)、周边强化1个(恶性) 、不均质强化4个(良性1个,恶性3个).伴支气管和肋骨受压2例.恶性神经鞘瘤中见胸膜浸润伴胸液 1例、血管受侵2例. 结论肺内神经鞘瘤罕见,临床及影像学表现缺乏特异性 .肿瘤大小和密度对良恶性鉴别无特征意义,肿瘤边界不光整提示恶性可能,相邻结构侵犯是提示恶性病变的重要征象.     

细支气管肺泡癌

细支气管肺泡癌作为肺腺癌的一个亚型,有其独特的生长方式和临床表现,自1976年报道以来,已对其进行了广泛的研究,本文就近年的有关文献作一综述。     

肺炎浸润型细支气管肺泡癌的CT诊断

在胸部 X线片或 CT图像上 ,片状形态的肺癌容易与肺炎或结核相混淆。这类肺癌绝大多数是肺炎浸润型细支气管肺泡癌 (BAC)。笔者收集该病 11例 ,均经手术或穿刺病理证实。现报告如下 ,并对其影像学表现进行分析。一般资料 :本组 11例中 ,女 6例 ,男 5例 ;年龄 2 3～ 5 5岁。主要症状为咳嗽、胸痛。2例咳多量粘液痰 ,听诊可闻及干湿性罗音 ;7例血 WBC升高。本组 11例均经抗炎抗结核治疗 ,但效果不佳。影像学表现 :15例表现为大片蜂窝影 ,病变呈大片状浸润一肺叶或累及一侧肺野的大部分 ,蜂窝呈大小不等的不规则形气腔 ,分布疏密不均 ,腔壁…     

肺泡癌50例临床资料及31例高分辨率CT分析

目的分析肺泡癌的临床诊断及胸部 CT 的影像学特征,提高肺泡癌的诊断水平。方法对1993至2003年间我院收治的1050例新发肺癌病例中经病理证实的50例肺泡癌的临床资料及1998至2005年中31例患者的高分辨率 CT 影像进行分析。结果 50例肺泡癌患者中,女30例,男20例,平均年龄为(58.4±10.7)岁。最常见的首发症状为咳嗽(20/50)。24例因肺部阴影而就诊的患者中20例无任何临床症状,多为早期结节型,病程最长4年。31例高分辨率 CT 检查的患者中8例为粟粒型,11例表现为结节型的患者中小泡征7例,钙化征7例;12例肺炎型患者中9例次出现低CT 值的实变影、假空洞征、网状影、磨玻璃影,2例出现碎石路征和 CT 血管造影征(增强扫描造影剂高峰时低密度的实变中血管影清晰可见)。结论肺泡癌仅占肺癌的4.76%(50/1 050)。肺泡癌尤其是结节型患者无临床症状者比例较高,且病程较长;定期行胸部 X 线检查很重要;胸部 CT 的特征性表现有助于诊断和鉴别诊断。     

10～20岁健康志愿者30名骶髂关节的CT表现

目的研究10～20岁健康志愿者骶髂关节的CT表现.方法随机选择30名10～20岁无脊柱关节病症状的志愿者,行骶髂关节的CT扫描,在CT后处理工作站上测量关节间隙宽度及皮质厚度.结果67%的关节内见真空现象.50%的女性志愿者髂骨内后侧见长条形压迹.骶骨侧关节面：33%在骶骨分节处轻微凹陷,3%在骶骨前上缘有局限性凹陷,15%出现骨骺,7%见小的类似侵蚀样表现.髂骨侧关节面：8%见囊样改变,3%见局限性凹陷.骶髂关节滑膜部关节间隙90%为2～5 mm,＜2 mm的占10%.髂骨侧皮质厚度83%为1～2 mm,骶骨侧皮质厚度45%为＜1 mm,53%为1～2 mm.结论10～20岁健康志愿者骶髂关节可见真空现象,骶骨侧关节面可出现骨骺及局限性凹陷.女性骶髂关节髂骨侧可见长条形压迹.少数骶骨侧关节面可有类似侵蚀样表现;少数髂骨侧关节面可见囊样改变及局限性凹陷.     

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor of the liver： A report of two cases and review of the literature

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor （PEComa） is a rare tumor which arises from mesenchymal tissues. It is predominant in the uterus, but very rare in the liver. To the best of our knowledge, less than 5 cases of PEComa of the liver have been reported. Herein we present two pathologically proven cases of PEComa of the liver, retrospectively analyze their clinical and imaging features, and review the literature.     

Perianal Paget's disease associated with cloacogenic carcinoma: Report of a case

A case of perianal Paget's disease associated with a cloacogenic carcinoma is presented. There was no clinical evidence of the Paget's disease, which was confined to a very small area. The points of particular interest were (1) the association of Paget's disease with a cloacogenic carcinoma, and (2) the dissimilarity between the pagetoid cells and the carcinoma cells. The histologic differences between the two cell types support the view that perianal Paget's disease and underlying carcinomas represent a multicentric reaction to an unknown stimulus     

能谱CT在肝癌诊断中的研究进展

本文根据CT能谱成像技术特征,综述了近几年cT能谱技术在肝癌诊断方面的最新临床应用,包括优化图像质量、基物质成像及能谱综合分析、门静脉血管成像及栓子性质的鉴别、肝癌治疗术后评估等5个方面,以提高临床上肝癌的检出率,并为肝癌的临床治疗及预后提供指导。     

Diagnostic criteria and follow-up in neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy: a case series

OBJECTIVE:

Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI) is a form of childhood interstitial lung disease characterized by tachypnea, retractions, crackles, and hypoxia. The aim of this study was to report and discuss the clinical, imaging, and histopathological findings in a series of NEHI cases at a tertiary pediatric hospital, with an emphasis on diagnostic criteria and clinical outcomes.

METHODS:

Between 2003 and 2011, 12 full-term infants were diagnosed with NEHI, based on clinical and tomographic findings. Those infants were followed for 1-91 months. Four infants were biopsied, and the histopathological specimens were stained with bombesin antibody.

RESULTS:

In this case series, symptoms appeared at birth in 6 infants and by 3 months of age in the remaining 6. In all of the cases, NEHI was associated with acute respiratory infection. The most common initial chest HRCT findings were ground-glass opacities that were in the middle lobe/lingula in 12 patients and in other medullary areas in 10. Air trapping was the second most common finding, being observed in 7 patients. Follow-up HRCT scans (performed in 10 patients) revealed normal results in 1 patient and improvement in 9. The biopsy findings were nonspecific, and the staining was positive for bombesin in all samples. Confirmation of NEHI was primarily based on clinical and tomographic findings. Symptoms improved during the follow-up period (mean, 41 months). A clinical cure was achieved in 4 patients.

CONCLUSIONS:

In this sample of patients, the diagnosis of NEHI was made on the basis of the clinical and tomographic findings, independent of the lung biopsy results. Most of the patients showed clinical improvement and persistent tomographic changes during the follow-up period, regardless of the initial severity of the disease or type of treatment.     

食管镜下银夹标记在确定食管癌放射治疗靶区勾画中作用的研究

目的 探讨食管镜下对病变两端进行银夹标记在食管癌适形放射治疗肿瘤靶区确定中的作用.方法 80例初治拟行根治性放射治疗的食管癌患者(早期28例、中晚期52例)通过单纯CT定位、CT定位+X线造影及CT定位+食管镜银夹标记法分别勾画肿瘤大体体积(GTV),比较三种方法下确定的肿瘤靶区长度的差异以及靶区位置在头脚方向(Y轴方向)上的位置差异.结果 早期食管癌患者通过胸部CT、X线造影及食管镜显示的病变长度均值除乳头型外差异有统计学意义(F=4.07～7.43,P＜0.05),乳头型病例三种方法确定的病变长度差异无统计学意义(F=1.71,P＞0.05),单纯CT和CT+X线造影法确定的靶区在Y轴方向上的位置较CT+镜下标记法相差0.5～2.0 cm,三种方法确定的靶区头脚位移差异有统计学意义(F=34.36～193.50,P＜0.01).中晚期食管癌患者通过胸部CT、X线造影及食管镜显示的病变长度均值除菌伞型外差异有统计学意义(F=4.07～30.10,P＜0.05),菌伞型病例三种方法确定的病变长度差异无统计学意义(F=2.44,P＞0,05).三种方法确定的靶区头脚位移差异有统计学意义(F=12.00～21.16,P＜0.01).结论 CT+食管镜银夹标记与单纯CT定位和CT+X线造影法相比,前者对靶区勾画更加敏感、准确.

Abstract：

Objective To study the effect of labeling esophageal carcinoma with sliver clips on two sides by esophagoscopy in mapping the target for conformal radiotherapy (CRT). Methods Eighty patients with esophageal carcinoma (28 patients in early stage, 52 patients in late stage), who were eligible for CRT, were collected and the tumor volume was detected by three methods: CT (A),CT combined with X-ray (B) and CT combined with sliver clip labeling by esophagoscopy (C). The differences of the tumor length and position in head-foot site (Y-axsis) among three methods were compared. Results The comparison of average length of tumor in early stage patients showed significant difference among three methods in all types of tumor (F= 4.07 ～ 7.43, P＜0.05 ) except papillary type (F= 1. 71, P＞0. 05). There was difference (ranged from 0. 5 cm to 2. 0 cm) in detection of position in head-foot site between A and B methods and C method. Significant difference was found in determining the displacement on head-foot site among three methods (F = 34. 36 ～193.50,P ＜0.01). The comparison of average length of tumor in middle or terminal stage patients showed significant difference among three methods in all types of tumor (F=4. 07～30.10 ,P＜0.05) except mushroom type (F = 2.44, P＞ 0. 05). Significant difference was found in determining the displacement on head-foot site among three methods (F= 12.00 ～ 21.16, P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion These findings indicate that C method is more sensitive and correct in mapping the target for CRT in comparison with other two methods.     

Hairy cell leukemia associated with carcinoma: Report of two patients and review of the literature

Summary The association of carcinoma and hairy cell leukemia (HCL) in two patients is recorded. One of the cases was a 58-year-old male who developed carcinoma of the kidney, while the second patient was a 48-year-old woman with carcinoma in the breast. This rare association is probably coincidental, as it is not described in most of the larger reported series of patients with HCL. It is of interest to note that the first patient had received radiation therapy thirty years before the diagnosis of HCL and carcinoma was made.