鸡传染性支气管炎病毒RT-PCR检测方法的初步建立

鸡传染性支气管炎(Avian Infectious Bronchitis,IB)是由鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(Infectious Bronchi-tis Virus,IBV)引起的一种急性、高度接触传染性呼吸道疾病。该病给养禽业造成了巨大的经济损失,使感染的肉鸡被淘汰,产蛋鸡产量下降。该病在流行病学、临床症状、病理变化等方面与新城疫等禽病存在着一些相似的地方,有时会给临床诊断带来了一定的困难。目前使用传统方法(如病原分离及血清学方法)进行实验室诊断不仅耗时     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的免疫研究进展

鸡传染性支气管炎(Avian Infectious Bronchitis,简写为IB)是鸡的一种急性、具有高度接触性的呼吸道传染病。由冠状病毒属(Coronavirus)传染性支气管炎病毒(Infectious Bronchitis virus,简写为IBV)的感染而引起。主要引起呼吸、生殖和消化各系统病变,此外,引起雏鸡肾炎—肾变病的报道也甚多,尤其是在澳大     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒的PCR检测法

用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术直接检测鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒，可快速、特异及敏感地检出实验毒株和病鸡法氏囊内存在的微量病毒核酸。对病鸡、进口种鸡的实测结果表明，本法对诊断鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒具有重要的实用意义     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒分子生物学研究进展(上)

鸡传染性支气管炎(Infections Bronchitis of chickens缩写为IB)是鸡的一种急性、高度接触性呼吸道和泌尿生殖道传染病.临诊上以气管罗音、咳嗽和打喷嚏为主要特征,幼鸡感染可致死亡,产蛋鸡群感染则导致蛋的产量和质量下降.主要侵害鸡的呼吸系统、泌尿系统、消化系统、生殖系统.传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)属冠状病毒科,其血清型极为复杂,目前已知IBV有30多个血清型,不同血清型及变异株间抗原性差异很大,且不断变异,这就给IBV的诊断、免疫及IBV血清型分型带来很大的困难.该病对养鸡业危害极大,从而引起了国内外禽病工作者的高度重视.分子生物学研究进展(上).     

PCR方法快速检测鸡传染性支气管炎病毒

本试验建立了一种快速检测鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的通用性ＰＣＲ方法。通过对纯化后ＩＢＶ核蛋白基因进行直接ＰＣＲ及套式ＰＣＲ扩增表明，两次ＰＣＲ产物的大小为０．７ｋｂ和０．５ｋｂ，与实际设计相符。而对照的ＮＤＶ及ＩＢＤＶ的ＰＣＲ扩增产物均为阴性。用 ＩＢＶ ＨＢ株感染 ＳＰＦ鸡后，应用我们所建立的 ＰＣＲ方法去检测不同时期所采集的肾脏、气管、盲肠扁桃体、肺脏和肝脏中的 ＩＢＶ，在 ＳＰＦ鸡感染 ＩＢＶ后的２１天仍然能够检测到 ＩＢＶ的基因组，Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ杂交试验证明了我们获得的 ＰＣＲ产物为ＩＢＶ的核蛋白基因。该ＰＣＲ检测方法比免疫荧光抗体（ＦＡ）法更具敏感、特异、快速等特点，完全适用于不同来源及不同血清型ＩＢＶ的检测。     

六种鸡呼吸道病的鉴别与诊治

鸡的主要呼吸道传染病有鸡传染性支气管炎、慢性呼吸道病、鸡传染性鼻炎、曲霉菌病、黏膜型鸡痘、鸡传染性喉气管炎。本文对上述6种常见的鸡呼吸道传染病从病原、流行特点、临床症状、病变特征、实验室诊断和防治等方面进行鉴别诊断，供广大养殖户参考。     

鸡传染性贫血病毒、传染性法氏囊病毒与大肠杆菌混合感染的诊治

鸡传染性贫血与传染性法氏囊病是由病毒感染导致的鸡主要免疫抑制病,雏鸡同时或先后感染此2种病原,即会使二者相互促进,增强感染力和致病力,进一步继发细菌感染,造成严重损失。某个体养殖户鸡群发生以消瘦、贫血为主的鸡病。根据发病特点、临床症状、剖检、实验室检查确诊为鸡传染性贫血病毒、传染性法氏囊病毒与大肠杆菌混合感染。采取及时隔离、加强消毒及饲养管理、选用敏感药物、饲料饮水加药控制继发感染等综合防制措施,有效控制了该病。     

瑶鸡感染传染性支气管炎病毒重组毒株的报告

鸡传染性支气管炎(infectious bronchitis,IB)是由鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(infectious bronchitisvirus,IBV)引起的鸡的一种急性高度接触性传染病[1]。IB可感染所有日龄、性别和品种的鸡。发病鸡临床特征为咳嗽、打喷嚏和气管啰音[2]。该病危害主要包括:破坏呼吸道黏膜的完整性,造成大肠杆菌和支原体等病原的继发感染;侵害泌尿系统,造成肾脏肿大,尿酸盐沉积;侵害种鸡生殖系统,导致输卵管发生炎症和堵塞,造成产蛋障碍综合症,即所谓的"假母鸡"。由于IBV容易发生变异和重组,免疫失败常有发生,给养禽业造成严重的经济损失[3]。     

鸡肾型传染性支气管炎的现场处置

鸡传染性支气管炎是由冠状病毒科的传染性支气管炎病毒引起的鸡的一种急性、高度接触性传染病，主要引起鸡的肾脏损伤，另外还能造成呼吸道感染和死亡，是影响养鸡业的重要传染病之一。过去在临床上主要是呼吸型传支，近年来由于新的变异株不断出现，导致现有疫苗免疫效果越来越差，临床上疫苗免疫鸡群不断有鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病的爆发和流行。最近我市一养鸡场鸡群出现前期轻微呼吸道症状，后期出现顽固性拉稀及脱水死亡为特征的疫病，抗生素治疗效果不明显，经临床诊断、病理变化及实验室诊断，诊断为鸡肾型传染性支气管感染，采取综合治疗措施有效控制了病情。     

鸡传染性喉气管炎的防治

鸡传染性喉气管炎（infectious laryngotracheitis,ILT）是由疱疹病毒科的传染性喉气管炎病毒引起的一种急性呼吸道传染病。该病主要以呼吸困难、咳嗽、咳出含有血液的渗出物以及喉部和气管黏膜肿胀、出血、糜烂等症状为特征。从病原、诊断和防控等方面对鸡传染性喉气管炎进行阐述,以期为防控该病提供参考。     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

Concentrations of strontium,barium, cadmium,copper, zinc,manganese, chromium,antimony, selenium,and lead in the liver and kidneys of dogs according to age,gender, and the occurrence of chronic kidney disease

This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) in canine liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla, and the association of these concentrations with age, gender, and occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissues from 50 dogs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cu, Zn, and Mn levels were highest in the liver followed by the renal cortex and renal medulla. The highest Sr, Cd, and Se concentrations were measured in the renal cortex while lower levels were found in the renal medulla and liver. Female dogs had higher tissue concentrations of Sr (liver and renal medulla), Cd (liver), Zn (liver and renal cortex), Cr (liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla), and Pb (liver) than male animals. Except for Mn and Sb, age-dependent variations were observed for all element concentrations in the canine tissues. Hepatic Cd and Cr concentrations were higher in dogs with CKD. In conclusion, the present results provide new knowledge about the storage of specific elements in canine liver and kidneys, and can be considered important reference data for diagnostic methods and further investigations.     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

Granulocyte isolation from whole blood of goat, sheep, cattle, horse, dog, pig, and man

A simple two step procedure for the isolation of caprine, ovine, bovine, equine, canine, porcine and human peripheral blood granulocytes is described. After enrichment of granulocytes by centrifugation, contaminating erythrocytes are lysed hypotonically. Recovery, purity, and viability of the granulocyte suspensions are determined. FACScan analysis of the cell suspensions measuring cellular size by forward and sideward light scatter is compared with the corresponding analysis of whole blood leukocytes. Constituencies of the isolated cell suspensions and loss of granulocyte subpopulations through isolation procedure is discussed with regard to granulocyte function assays.     

Department of Clinical Veterinary Practices, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4

Circular excised skin wounds in the thoracic and metatarsal regions of the dog were studied. A similar sequence of events took place in the two regions although differences did occur due to the different reactions of the tissues which surrounded the wounds. None of the wound cavities became filled with exudate during the early stages of healing. In the thoracic wounds the cavities were largely filled by the swelling and inward movement of adipose tissue. Epithelium first grew on the wound surface in the sector of the wound that was situated in the direction of hair flow. The average time to complete epithelization was similar in both sets of wounds. A zone of alopecia developed around the wounds.