渐进性抗阻力量训练对普通人群力量与最大摄氧量的影响

通过对30名普通健康成年男性进行10周的渐进性力量训练,力量训练前后测试实验对象的力量和有氧能力对比研究。结果表明力量训练后,实验对象的最大蹲起负重（Loadmax）、60％最大蹲起负重下的蹲跳功率（P60）、最大摄氧量、相对最大摄氧量以及最大工作功率都有了显著性增长。与训练前相比,在最大摄氧量测试过程中,随着工作功率的提高,通气量呈下降的趋势,摄氧量呈上升的趋势,氧差有增大的趋势。     

游泳训练中最大摄氧量训练初探

1　前　言徐妍玮 2 0 0 2年已经 1 8岁 ,处在生长发育即将结束的阶段 ,其心肺功能的提高在发育上仍有一定的潜力。 2 0 0 4年的奥运会还有 2年时间 ,有必要结合运动员的生长发育特点和比赛要求。采用心率、血乳酸、肌酸激酶、血尿素等指标对最大摄氧量训练进行训练监控 ,促进了徐妍玮有氧能力的提高 ,为亚运会创造了良好的竞技状态 ,并为备战 2 0 0 4奥运会奠定了基础。2　研究对象与方法2 1　研究对象徐妍玮 ,一般情况 :身高 1 72m ;体重 69kg ;入队时间 1 998年 ;项目 :5 0m自由泳、1 0 0m自由泳、2 0 0m自由泳 ;健康状况 :良好、无疾病…     

对最大摄氧量判断标准的探讨

最大摄氧量（VO2max）是运动生理学反映机体心肺功能水平的一个重要指标。本文根据以前的文献资料,就VO2max的判断标准及其影响因素进行探讨。     

最大摄氧量和无氧阈在运动训练中的应用

耐力性项目运动员有氧能力的水平,可以采用测定运动员最大摄氧量和无氧阈的方法加以评价。1 最大摄氧量及其应用最大摄氧量(VO2max)是指人体在进行有大量肌肉群参加的有力竭性运动中,当氧运输系统各个环     

从最大摄氧量看少年儿童的耐力训练

从最大摄氧量与有氧耐力练习的关系,揭示发展耐力素质的最佳年龄段是在少儿时期。     

最大摄氧量速度研究进展（综述）

通过文献综述法,分析了最大摄氧量速度(vVO2max)及其相关指标最大运动时间(Tmax)和达到最大摄氧量后运动时间(tlim)的概念、意义和在有氧耐力训练中的应用情况,提示这些指标可有效地指导有氧耐力训练及评估运动员耐力水平。     

最大摄氧量测试中摄氧量曲线变化与皮划艇运动选材研究

分析3名少年皮划艇运动员选材所做最大摄氧量测试中出现的一些现象,发现摄氧量曲线呈现的"V"型与运动选材有密切的关系。     

置疑最大摄氧量——测试方法与判定标准

最大摄氧量作为运动生理学领域里评价心肺功能与有氧耐力的经典指标,其概念与有关理论在最近10多年备受争议与质疑。总结回顾了研究最大摄氧量的测试方法与判定标准的文献,发现各研究的.VO2max测试方法不一;测试的运动方式、负荷方案仍没有具体统一的标准和模式;不同测试方法影响.VO2max测试结果。判定.VO2max的指标标准不统一;各研究采用的判定指标数量不一;存在受试者达不到标准的问题。     

与最大摄氧量相关的单核苷酸多态性的研究进展

最大摄氧量是与运动成绩及心血管疾病发生密切相关的一个生理学指标。作为第三代DNA多态性标志,单核苷酸多态性能在一定程度上反映人类个体或群体的特异性。寻找并确认影响最大摄氧量的基因位点及单核苷酸多态性对耐力项目的科学选材及心肺功能的合理训练具有重要价值,对心血管疾病运动处方的制定和评价也有一定的参考价值。     

补服乳清蛋白对人体最大吸氧量的影响

目的:研究补服不同量的乳清蛋白对人体最大吸氧量的变化,探讨补服乳清蛋白对人体有氧运动能力的影响。方法:采用单盲实验法,体育系12名健康男性大学生作为被试,每次(共3次)补服不同的补剂,然后在无氧功率自行车上进行3个连续三分钟的递增负荷运动,作自身对照。结果:补服7g和14g乳清蛋白与安慰剂相比最大吸氧量水平都有不同程度的变化,补服7g乳清蛋白与安慰剂相比差异性显著,p<0.05,补服14g乳清蛋白与安慰剂相比差异性非常显著p<0.01。结论:(1)补服不同量的乳清蛋白都不同程度影响人体的最大吸氧量水平;(2)说明乳清蛋白的补服对人体有氧运动能力有一定影响。     

女子赛艇运动员VO2max与专项力量在月经周期的变化研究

研究目的在于观察月经周期规则的女子赛艇运动员VO2max与专项力量在月经周期的变化并探讨其发生机制。结果显示，女子赛艇运动员的最大摄氧量和专项力量与月经周期有关系，黄体期运动能力要明显强于卵泡早期，这与月经周期的性激素水平的变化有关系。     

Effects of different intensities of resistance training with equated volume load on muscle strength and hypertrophy

The present study investigated the effects of different intensities of resistance training (RT) on elbow flexion and leg press one-repetition maximum (1RM) and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA). Thirty men volunteered to participate in an RT programme, performed twice a week for 12 weeks. The study employed a within-subject design, in which one leg and arm trained at 20% 1RM (G20) and the contralateral limb was randomly assigned to one of the three conditions: 40% (G40); 60% (G60), and 80% 1RM (G80). The G20 started RT session with three sets to failure. After G20 training, the number of sets was adjusted for the other contralateral limb conditions with volume-matched. CSA and 1RM were assessed at pre, post-6 weeks, and post-12 weeks. There was time effect for CSA for the vastus lateralis (VL) (8.9%, 20.5%, 20.4%, and 19.5%) and elbow flexors (EF) (11.4%, 25.3%, 25.1%, and 25%) in G20, G40, G60, and G80, respectively (p?>?.05). G80 showed higher CSA than G20 for VL (19.5% vs. 8.9%) and EF (25% vs. 11.4%) at post-12 weeks (p?p?相似文献   

Effects of different strength training frequencies during reduced training period on strength and muscle cross-sectional area

This study investigated the effects of different reduced strength training (RST) frequencies on half-squat 1 RM and quadriceps cross-sectional area (QCSA). Thirty-three untrained males (24.7?±?3.9 years; 1.73?±?0.08?m; 74.6?±?8.4?kg) underwent a 16-week experimental period (i.e. eight weeks of strength training [ST] followed by additional eight weeks of RST). During the ST period, the participants performed 3–4 sets of 6–12 RM, three sessions/week in half-squat and knee extension exercises. Following ST, the participants were randomly allocated to one of three groups: reduced strength training with one (RST1) or two sessions per week (RST2), and ceased training (CT). Both RST1 and RST2 groups had their training frequency and total training volume-load (i.e. RST1?=?50.3% and RST2?=?57.1%) reduced, while the CT group stopped training completely. Half-squat 1 RM (RST1?=?27.9%; RST2?=?26.7%; and CT?=?28.4%) and QCSA (RST1?=?6.1%; RST2?=?6.9%; and CT?=?5.8%) increased significantly (p?<?.05) in all groups after eight weeks of ST. No significant changes were observed in 1 RM and QCSA for RST1 and RST2 groups after the RST period, while the CT group demonstrated a decrease in half-squat 1 RM (22.6%) and QCSA (5.4%) when compared to the ST period (p?<?.05). In conclusion, different RST frequencies applied were able to maintain muscle mass and strength performance obtained over the regular ST period. Thus, it appears that RST frequency does not affect the maintenance of muscle mass and strength in untrained males, as long as volume-load is equated between frequencies.     

高住低练对短道速滑运动员VO2max指标影响的研究

以15名短道速滑运动员为研究对象,随机分高住低练(Hilo)实验组8名和低住低练(Lolo)对照组7名.采用高住低练(Hilo)训练法,在高住低练实验前及实验后对运动员进行2次最大吸氧量测试.测试结果表明:2组实验前、后组内配对T检验均无显著性差异.实验组与对照组配对T检验也无显著性差异.但绝对最大吸氧量和相对最大吸氧量的最大值和平均值,实验组变化幅度提高大于对照组,表明Hilo训练法对速滑运动员的最大吸氧量有提高的趋势,有氧耐力能力有所增加.     

游泳运动员的最大摄氧量及其一些测试方法的研究进展

采用文献综述的方法介绍了游泳运动员最大摄氧量及其一些常见的测试方法,包括实验室和训练场地直接测试方法以及最大摄氧量的间接测定方法等。最后通过分析比较不同测试方法的优缺点,指出等动训练仪上进行模拟全身游泳的最大摄氧量测试和将来使用便携式气体代谢分析仪在水中进行正常游泳测试既符合游泳项目的专项特点,又涉及大的肌肉群,可能是简单实用并且准确的方法。     

Effects of dynamic resistance training on fascicle length and isometric strength

The aims of this study were to assess changes in muscle architecture, isometric and dynamic strength of the leg extensor muscles, resulting from dynamic resistance training, and the relationships between strength and muscle architecture variables. The participants (n = 30) were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The training group (n = 16; age 21.8 +/- 2.3 years, body mass 74.8 +/- 9.2 kg, height 1.75 +/- 0.08 m) performed dynamic resistance training for 13 weeks. The control group (n = 14; age 19.9 +/- 1.5 years, body mass 74.0 +/- 8.5 kg, height 1.76 +/- 0.05 m) did not perform any resistance training. Maximal dynamic and isometric strength were tested in both groups, before and after the training period. The members of the training group used the free-weight squat lift (90 degrees ) as their training exercise. The concentric phase of the squat was performed explosively. Skeletal muscle architecture of the vastus lateralis was visualized using ultrasonography. At the end of the study, significant increases in vastus lateralis muscle thickness (+6.9%, P < 0.001), fascicle length (+10.3%, P < 0.05), one-repetition maximum (+8.2%, P < 0.05), rate of force development (+23.8%, P < 0.05) and average force produced in the first 500 ms (+11.7%, P < 0.05) were seen only in the training group. Adaptations to the muscle architecture in the training group limited the loss of fibre force, and improved the capacity for developing higher velocities of contraction. The architectural changes in the training group were similar to those seen in studies where high-speed training was performed. In conclusion, dynamic resistance training with light loads leads to increases in muscle thickness and fascicle length, which might be related to a more efficient transmission of fibre force to the tendon.     

Effects of aerobic versus resistance training on glycaemic control in men with type 2 diabetes

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of aerobic training and resistance training on glycaemic control factors in men with type 2 diabetes. We performed a randomized clinical trial in which 26 men (age 57±8 years) with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to an aerobic training group or a resistance training group. The participants exercised three times a week for 12 weeks. Metabolic factors (haemoglobin A_1C; fasting glucose and C-peptide; total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol; triglycerides), blood pressure, body composition, maximum oxygen uptake, and muscular strength were measured before and after the intervention. Both training groups experienced significant improvements in haemoglobin A_1C: the aerobic training group saw a decrease in absolute values from 7.10±0.97% to 6.55±0.74% (P=0.001) and the resistance training group from 7.21±1.8% to 6.85±0.66% (P=0.024). Both training groups had significant improvements in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P<0.05) and in several of the measured body composition variables (P<0.05). In conclusion, the aerobic and resistance training groups saw similar improvements in glycaemic control. This suggests that both aerobic training and resistance training have beneficial effects for men with type 2 diabetes.