以“我与化学”为基础的校本课程开发

以本校学生"我与化学"实践活动为基础,从课程性质、理念、目标、内容、实施和资源开发与利用等方面开展研究,利用"我与化学"活动的永恒性、开放性、多样性、实用性、综合性和无限生成性等特点,实现了"我与化学"活动校本课程化,力图形成具有实际操作和推广价值的动态开放式校本课程体系.     

美国化学教育专业博士培养方案研究

基于学科的教育研究人才的培养对于深入推进教育改革具有重要意义。研究了美国6所大学的化学教育专业博士培养方案,分析了其培养目标、课程设置、科研要求、教学实践要求等方面的特点。结果发现：其培养目标既指向基础教育又指向高等教育;课程设置强调化学专业知识、教育理论和研究方法三位一体;科研要求注重科学研究态度的培养和科学研究能力的训练;教学实践要求为将来走上工作岗位奠定基础。结合与其相对应的我国化学课程与教学论专业博士培养方案,提出了明确并扩展培养目标、提高化学专业课程要求、强化研究方法课程、重视教学实践能力等启示。     

化学科研基础与创新实验课程建设的探索与实践

大学生的科研能力训练和创新能力培养是大学本科教学的核心问题之一。化学实验教学是实现全面化学教育最有效的形式,对学生科研素质和创新能力的培养至关重要。课程团队将本院科研与实验教学有机结合,提升了实验教学梯度和深度。本文主要从课程定位与目标、课程团队建设、课程内容建设、课程实施与评价等方面介绍课程建设情况。经过近十年的探索与实践,该课外科研实验课程教学在人才培养、教改和科研等方面均取得了不错的成效,有效地促进了实验课程改革。同时,针对课程中的不足,本文提出进一步的改进方向与措施,并对未来做出展望。     

以绿色化学理念贯穿精细化工专业课教学

在论述绿色化学理念贯穿精细化工类课程教学重要性的基础上,以精细化学品与工艺学课程为重点,从精细化工专业方向系列课程、不同教学环节两个方面阐述了绿色化学理念贯穿精细化工类课程教学的探索与实践。     

中学化学继续教育的目标,方式,课程设置的探讨

为了解我省中学化学教师对化学继续教育的愿望和要求，我们对省内部分地区化学教师对化学教育的要求及方式、课程设置等进行了调查，在这基础上对化学继续教育的目标、方式及课程设置等提出了初步设想。     

从IB化学谈IBDP课程与国外大学的衔接

国际文凭大学预科课程（IBDP课程）是在全球被认可的具有较高学业水平的大学预科项目，以IBDP化学课程为切入点，从课程目标、课程大纲与要求、课程评估方式，结合大学对IBDP课程的认可来进行全面分析，探讨IBDP课程的设置与国外大学的衔接。     

药学专业综合化学科研训练课程体系的建设与实践

针对药学专业本科生在课内教学中进行科研训练存在的相关问题,依托综合化学实验课程,从课程设置、训练目标、训练内容和训练指导编写等几个方面,阐述了药学专业综合化学科研训练课程体系的建设方法和实践成效。     

化学教师教育课程群建设研究

阐述化学教师教育课程群的涵义、特点与设置思路,结合化学教育专业特点,提出 "教学理论、教学技能、教学实践、教学研究"4个化学教师教育课程群的建设与实施方案,最终实现"多层次、多维度、多模块"的化学教师教育课程群设置。     

化学精品课程建设:综合化学实验课程建设与实践

综合化学实验是一门面向化学专业高年级学生的实验课程,经过几代教师不断改革创新逐渐建设成为一门教学形式新颖多样、教学内容层次丰富的创新性化学实验课程,有效帮助学生整合实验理论和方法,锻炼和提升化学相关实验技能,培养学生综合运用所学知识技能深度分析和解决化学相关科学问题的能力,引导学生独立思考、勇于创新的科研习惯的形成和科研素养的提升。对综合化学实验课程近年来在教学设计、教学内容和教学方法等方面的改革和实践进行总结,并对课程未来的建设思路予以展望。     

基于应用型人才培养的实验课程体系改革

为适应应用型人才培养,针对本校化学实验课程实际,探讨化学实验课程设置、课程内容及课程实施的改革思路,设置基础实验、综合实验和专业实验,加强实验内容与实践的联系,坚持导师制与实验教学的结合。     

国内光催化研究进展简述

分1975~1985, 1985~1995和1995~2012三个时期简要介绍了国内光催化研究进展, 主要侧重于光催化材料及其改性、应用和反应机理方面的研究进展, 并指出了当前光催化领域存在的一些重要问题和未来的发展趋势, 涉及到光解水、CO₂还原、环境净化和选择性有机合成等方面.     

青蒿素研究进展

青蒿素是目前治疗疟疾的特效药。本文对自青蒿素发现以来的最新研究进展进行了比较详尽的综述。内容包括: 青蒿素的发现及历史, 青蒿素的来源, 青蒿素的全合成,青蒿素的生物合成, 青蒿素衍生物以及植物组织培养生产青蒿素。     

Reactions in droplets in microfluidic channels

Fundamental and applied research in chemistry and biology benefits from opportunities provided by droplet-based microfluidic systems. These systems enable the miniaturization of reactions by compartmentalizing reactions in droplets of femoliter to microliter volumes. Compartmentalization in droplets provides rapid mixing of reagents, control of the timing of reactions on timescales from milliseconds to months, control of interfacial properties, and the ability to synthesize and transport solid reagents and products. Droplet-based microfluidics can help to enhance and accelerate chemical and biochemical screening, protein crystallization, enzymatic kinetics, and assays. Moreover, the control provided by droplets in microfluidic devices can lead to new scientific methods and insights.     

Interpretation of inorganic arsenic metabolism in humans in the light of observations made in vitro and in vivo in the rat

The toxicity of inorganic trivalent arsenic for living organisms is reduced by in vivo methylation of the element. In man, this biotransformation leads to the synthesis of monomethylarsonic (MMA) and dimethylarsinic (DMA) acids, which are efficiently eliminated in urine along with the unchanged form (As_i). In order to document the methylation process in humans, the kinetics of As_i, MMA and DMA elimination were studied in volunteers given a single dose of one of these three arsenicals or repeated doses of As_i. The arsenic methylation efficiency was also assessed in subjects acutely intoxicated with arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃) and in patients with liver diseases. Several observations in humans can be explained by the properties of the enzymic systems involved in the methylation process which we have characterized in vitro and in vivo in rats as follows: (1) production of As_i metabolites is catalyzed by an enzymic system whose activity is highest in liver cytosol; (2) different enzymic activities, using the same methyl group donor (S-adenosylmethionine), lead to the production of mono- and di-methylated derivatives which are excreted in urine as MMA and DMA; (3) dimethylating activity is highly sensitive to inhibition by excess of inorganic arsenic; (4) reduced glutathione concentration in liver moderates the arsenic methylation process through several mechanisms, e.g. stimulation of the first methylation reaction leading to MMA, facilitation of As_i uptake by hepatocytes, stimulation of the biliary excretion of the element, reduction of pentavalent forms before methylation, and protection of a reducing environment in the cells necessary to maintain the activity of the enzymic systems.     

Gemini表面活性剂合成进展

系统总结了近百种Gemini表面活性剂的合成路线和方法,并且按照其结构特点分门别类地进行比较和归纳,对今后Gemini表面活性剂的合成发展方向提出了一些看法,这对促进此类新颖表面活性剂的工业化进程将具有指导意义。     

Recent Advances in Analytical Methodology for in vivo Electrochemistry in Mammals

Electrochemistry is one of the most advanced techniques for monitoring neurochemical activities in the living brain because electrochemical approaches bear the advantageous features of high spatial and temporal resolutions, which facilitate its tremendous potential in investigating the highly spatially heterogeneous brain system and the fast dynamics of neurochemical activities. On the other hand, since brain is the most complicated organ in the sense of its numerous kinds of neurochemical species, high selectivity is always required for any analytical methods that approach the brain. In this review, we will discuss various electrochemical methodologies to achieve selective detection of neurochemicals in mammalian brain and the strategies developed mainly by our group towards selective monitoring of both electrochemically active and inactive neurochemicals. At the end, we will discuss possible solutions towards brain mapping of neurochemical species and combination of neurochemical detection strategy with electrophysiology as the direction of future development of electroanalysis in living brain.     

乙基香兰素研究前景

报导了近几十年来国内外关于乙基香兰素的研究进展与动态,并简单介绍了本文作者在该方面所取得的研究成果,参考文献33篇。     

Trends in education in analytical chemistry

Summary At the session of the WPAC of Fechem on education in analytical chemistry it was concluded that it is now essential to include chemometrics and basic knowledge of computers in all courses on analytical chemistry.

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Tendenzen in der analytisch-chemischen Ausbildung

Zusammenfassung Bei einer Tagung der WPAC über die Lehre auf dem Gebiet der analytischen Chemie wurde bei der Betrachtung neuer Aspekte festgestellt, daß vor allem Chemometrie und Grundkenntnisse in Computertechnik in die Ausbildung aufgenommen werden sollten.

     

钙与人体及临床

钙是宏量元素，是人体中含量较高的元素之一，体内99％的钙构成骨骼和牙齿以及维持骨骼结构，1％的钙调节人体重要生理功能。钙的含量过高或过低都与许多疾病有关，只有保持一种平衡状态，才能使机体处于正常环境。     

AGET ATRP in the Presence of Air in Miniemulsion and in Bulk

Summary: The recently developed initiation system, activators generated by electron transfer (AGET), is used in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in the presence of a limited amount of air. Ascorbic acid and tin(II ) 2‐ethylhexanoate are used as reducing agents in miniemulsion and bulk, respectively. An excess of reducing agent consumes the oxygen present in the system and, therefore, provides a deoxygenated environment for ATRP. ATRP of butyl acrylate is successfully carried out in miniemulsion and in the presence of air. During polymerization the radical concentration remains constant. The polymerization reaches over 60% monomer conversion after 6 h, which results in polymers with a predetermined molecular weight = 14 000 g · mol⁻¹ and a low polydispersity ( = 1.23). AGET ATRP of styrene is also successful in bulk in the presence of air, as evidenced by linear semi‐logarithmic kinetics, which leads to polystyrene with an of 13 400 g · mol⁻¹ and a low polydispersity index ( = 1.14).

Appearance of miniemulsion before and after the reducing agent ascorbic acid was added (left); and GPC traces representing molecular weights during the AGET ATRP of BA in miniemulsion in the presence of air (right).