miR-124基因家族的分子进化与靶基因预测

MicroRNA (miRNA)是一类内源基因编码的长度约22个核苷酸的非编码单链RNA分子.依据其在进化中高度保守的特点,利用生物信息学方法在目前已测序的物种中搜寻在哺乳动物中枢神经系统特异表达的miR-124基因的同源序列.在80个不同的动物物种中找到了150条miR-124基因的同源序列,其中27条为新发现的序列.目前发现的miR-124基因中,除线虫cel-mir-124和小鼠mmu-mir-124-2位于内含子之外,其他均位于基因间隔区.不同物种中,miR-124基因成熟序列的相似性为89.54％,前体序列为41.98％.miR-124基因在大多数无脊椎动物中为单拷贝,而在脊椎动物中大多为多拷贝,表明从无脊推动物到脊椎动物进化过程中miR-124基因发生了重复.靶基因预测结果显示,在人、小鼠和大鼠等哺乳动物中mir-124大多靶位点也是保守的.     

miR-124在抑郁症中的作用机制

抑郁症是世界范围内最常见的精神疾病之一,发病机制复杂,研究仍处于探索阶段。微RNA（miRNA）作为表观遗传机制的重要调控因子,在抑郁症的发生发展中起着重要作用。miR-124是神经系统中表达最丰富的miRNA之一,参与了神经元分化、小胶质细胞激活等生物事件。近年研究表明,miR-124在抑郁症患者和动物模型中表达异常,并参与了病理生理机制。然而,miR-124的表达异常情况及其相关机制的研究结果是较复杂的、甚至矛盾的。故本文对此进行梳理,总结了miR-124在抑郁症中的研究进展。     

miR-124a在胰腺发育及疾病中的作用

microRNA(miRNA)是一类长度为18~25个核苷酸非编码小分子RNA,广泛存在于真核生物中并高度保守,主要参与基因转录后调控。miR-124a在中枢神经系统和胰腺中含量最为丰富,在其他器官中的表达量约低100倍。近年研究显示,miR-124a参与胰腺发育、生理及病理多种过程的调节,包括:(1)通过阻断TGFβ途径诱导人胎盘间充质干细胞向胰腺祖细胞方向分化(2)靶向调控Foxa2、iGluR等与胰岛激素分泌相关的重要转录因子,介导胰岛激素的释放(3)通过与下游靶基因Rac1的相互作用在胰腺癌细胞生长,侵袭和转移中起关键作用(4)通过调控CHSY1及其下游靶点CASP1的表达水平参与慢性胰腺炎CP的发生等。研究miR-124a对于深入了解胰腺发生及疾病机理及其治疗具有重要意义。     

Ku70作为RNA解旋酶调节miR-124的加工成熟及神经细胞的分化

目的 Ku70蛋白主要通过其DNA结合特性参与双链DNA断裂（DSB）的非同源端连接（NHEJ）修复,有报道称其具有RNA结合功能,本文探索Ku70是否具有RNA解旋酶活性并影响miRNA加工成熟。方法 利用RNA免疫共沉淀（RIP）测序结合生物信息学分析Ku蛋白结合的RNA;蛋白质印迹法（Western blot,WB）结合定量反转录PCR（qRT-PCR）检测Ku蛋白与miRNAs的表达关系;生物膜干涉技术（BLI）实验分析Ku蛋白与RNA的结合能力;电泳迁移率变动分析（EMSA）实验确定Ku70及Ku80的RNA解旋酶活性;形态学检测结合WB分析Ku70调节miR-124引起的神经细胞功能变化;免疫荧光结合形态学分析寨卡病毒（ZIKV）感染后Ku70及miR-124的变化与神经元分化关联。结果 研究发现,Ku70蛋白具有RNA解旋酶活性,并通过其RNA解旋酶活性影响miRNA加工成熟。Ku70缺失引起许多miRNAs上调,其中包括神经细胞特异的miR-124。在人神经前体细胞（hNPCs）和人神经母细胞瘤细胞（SH-SY5Y）中敲低Ku70可促进 miR-124的成熟,从而导致上述细胞向神经元分化。本文进一步发现,ZIKV感染影响了Ku70及miR-124的表达,导致细胞形态的分化。结论 本研究揭示了Ku70的一种新功能,即Ku70有可能参与miRNA的成熟调控和神经细胞的分化,并且可能是ZIKV病毒致小头症的原因之一。     

miR-124和miR-520b下调Eps8表达并抑制HeLa细胞增殖

Eps8是一个多功能的信号分子,参与肌动蛋白重排、受体内吞和肿瘤的发生发展. 为了寻找靶向Eps8的microRNAs (miRNAs)并研究其在宫颈癌中的调控作用,本文采用软件预测获得4个可能调控Eps8表达的miRNAs. 利用双荧光素酶报告系统和Western印迹研究发现,miR-124 和miR-520b结合到人EPS8 mRNA的3′非翻译区(untranslated region, UTR)并有效抑制Eps8蛋白的表达. 进一步细胞存活检测、MTT法和克隆形成实验分析显示,miR-124和miR-520b过表达显著抑制HeLa细胞的生长和增殖.而且,miRNA调节的Eps8下调能提高HeLa细胞对化疗药物顺铂的敏感性. 同时证明,miR-124和miR-520b激活肿瘤抑制基因p53与下游基因p21报告基因转录活性,也相应地上调了p53与p21的蛋白表达. 这些结果提示,miR-124和miR-520b下调癌基因EPS8表达,从而抑制HeLa细胞增殖,负调控宫颈癌细胞生长.     

骨髓基质干细胞诱导分化为神经元过程中miR-124和miR-128的表达

目的探讨骨髓基质干细胞诱导分化为神经元过程中miR-124和miR-128的表达变化及作用。方法采用全骨髓培养法体外分离培养获得骨髓基质干细胞,取传代培养至第3代的骨髓基质干细胞,在神经干细胞培养液及细胞因子等条件下诱导其分化为神经元,倒置显微镜下观察其形态变化,应用ABI公司的TaqManMicroRNAAssaysreal-timePCR技术,检测miR-124和miR-128在诱导分化过程中的表达。结果 miR-124分化后神经元的表达是未分化BMSCs的0.051倍(P0.05);miR-128分化后神经元的表达是未分化BMSCs的0.070倍(P0.05)。结论 miR-124和miR-128在骨髓基质干细胞诱导分化为神经元过程中可能起重要作用。     

幽门螺杆菌相关性胃疾病中miR-551b和miR-124a的表达及意义CSCD

目的 检测miR-551b、miR-124a在慢性浅表性胃炎(CSG)、慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)及胃癌(GC)患者胃黏膜组织中表达水平,探讨miR-551b、miR-124a与幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)感染的关系及在胃癌发生、发展中的作用。方法 选择2018年7月-2019年8月在本院肿瘤科与消化科住院的患者120例,其中CSG患者40例,CAG患者40例,GC患者40例。采用qRT-PCR法检测各研究对象胃黏膜组织中miR-551b、miR-124a表达水平,分析miR-551b、miR-124a水平与H.pylori感染及GC患者临床病理特征的关系。结果 GC组患者胃黏膜组织中miR-551b、miR-124a表达水平低于CSG组、CAG组(P<0.05),CSG、CAG组之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);H.pylori阳性感染GC患者胃黏膜组织中miR-551b、miR-124a表达水平低于H.pylori阴性感染患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);中低分化、TNM分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ、浸润深度为T3-T4、有淋巴结转移的GC患者胃黏膜组织中miR-551b、miR-124a表达量低于高分化、TNM分期为Ⅰ~Ⅱ、浸润深度为T1-T2、无淋巴结转移的GC患者(P<0.05)。miR-551b、miR-124a表达与性别、年龄、肿瘤大小无关(P>0.05)。结论 miR-551b、miR-124a在GC患者胃黏膜组织中低表达,且在H.pylori阳性感染患者中低表达,检测miR-551b、miR-124a表达水平可能在H.pylori感染所致胃黏膜组织癌变过程中具有一定预测作用。     

他汀类药物对消化系统肿瘤作用的临床研究进展

他汀类药物作为一种降血脂药物在临床上大量应用,其药物种类多,并具有多效性。近年来许多体外及动物研究证明他汀类药物对肿瘤细胞具有抑制增殖、促进凋亡、增强放化疗效果的作用。随着体外及动物研究的不断深入,越来越多的临床研究相继展开,通过这些研究发现他汀类药物在人体中也可能具有阻断肿瘤的发生发展、辅助肿瘤放化疗的功效。本文对他汀类药物的作用机制及他汀类药物对不同消化系统肿瘤种类防治作用的临床研究进展进行综述。     

急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清miR-124、 miR-134表达与病情严重程度及炎症反应的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨急性缺血性脑卒中（AIS）患者血清微小RNA-124（miR-124）、微小RNA-134（miR-134）表达与病情严重程度及炎症反应的关系。方法：选择我院2018年10月~2019年10月进行治疗的90例AIS患者作为观察组,另选取同时期来我院进行健康体检的志愿者90例作为对照组。观察组患者根据梗死体积的大小分为大梗死体积组（梗死体积＞3 cm3）和小梗死体积组（梗死体积≤3 cm3）,根据美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS评分）分为中重度卒中组（NIHSS评分＞5分）和轻度卒中组（NIHSS评分≤5分）。比较观察组与对照组血清miR-124、miR-134及膜辅蛋白（MCP）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-12（IL-12）、白细胞介素-35（IL-35）水平,比较不同梗死体积和不同NIHSS评分AIS患者血清miR-124、miR-134、MCP、CRP、TNF-α、IL-12、IL-35水平,分析观察组血清miR-124、miR-134与梗死体积、NIHSS评分及上述血清炎症因子的相关性。结果：观察组患者的血清miR-124、miR-134、MCP、CRP、TNF-α、IL-12、IL-35水平均高于对照组（P＜0.05）;大体积梗死组血清miR-124、miR-134水平高于小体积梗死组（P＜0.05）。中重度卒中组患者血清miR-124、miR-134水平高于轻度卒中组（P＜0.05）。经Pearson相关性分析显示,观察组患者血清miR-124、miR-134水平与梗死体积、NIHSS评分及MCP、CRP、TNF-α、IL-12、IL-35均呈正相关（P＜0.05）。结论：AIS患者血清miR-124、miR-134水平异常升高,且与梗死体积、病情严重程度及炎症反应程度呈正相关,检测血清miR-124、 miR-134有助于评估AIS患者病情。     

MicroRNA 与肿瘤的相关研究进展

微小RNA(microRNAs,miRNA)是一类22个核苷酸左右的非编码调控RNA。可以通过切割mRNA或者是抑制翻译两种机制,在转录后水平发挥调控生物生长发育的重要作用。目前的研究已经发现microRNA参与调控发育、细胞分化、细胞凋亡等多种生理过程。目前已证实miRNA参与肿瘤发生和进展,miRNA表达谱是肿瘤诊断和预后的指标,miRNA突变、缺失或表达水平的异常与人类肿瘤密切相关,它发挥类似于癌基因或抑癌基因的作用,参与肿瘤细胞的增殖、分化和细胞凋亡过程。本文就miRNA在肿瘤发生发展以及诊断治疗方面的研究进展作一综述。     

The clinical significance of miR-335, miR-124, miR-218 and miR-484 downregulation in gastric cancer

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading types of malignancy worldwide, particularly in Asian populations. Although the exact molecular mechanism of GC development remains unknown, microRNA (miRNA) has recently been shown to be involved. The current study aims to investigate the expression levels of bioinformatically ranked miRNAs in gastric tissues. Using bioinformatics tools, we prioritized miRNAs thought to be implicated in GC. Furthermore, polyA-qPCR was used to validate bioinformatics findings in 40 GC, 31 normal gastric tissue (NG) and 45 gastric dysplasia (GD) samples. As identified by bioinformatics analysis, miR-335 was shown to be the top-ranked miRNA implicated in GC. Moreover, a significant downregulation of miR-335, miR-124, miR-218 and miR-484 was found in GC and GD compared to NG samples. We found bioinformatics to be an efficient approach to finding candidate miRNAs relevant to GC development. Finally, the findings show that downregulation of miRNAs such as miR-124 and miR-218 in gastric tissue can be a significant indicator for neoplastic transformation.     

miR-124: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Central Nervous System Injuries and Diseases

Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - Central nervous system injuries and diseases, such as ischemic stroke, spinal cord injury, neurodegenerative diseases, glioblastoma, multiple sclerosis, and...     

MicroRNA miR-124 regulates neurite outgrowth during neuronal differentiation

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs with diverse regulatory roles. The miR-124 miRNA is expressed in neurons in the developing and adult nervous system. Here we show that overexpression of miR-124 in differentiating mouse P19 cells promotes neurite outgrowth, while blocking miR-124 function delays neurite outgrowth and decreases acetylated α-tubulin. Altered neurite outgrowth also was observed in mouse primary cortical neurons when miR-124 expression was increased, or when miR-124 function was blocked. In uncommitted P19 cells, miR-124 expression led to disruption of actin filaments and stabilization of microtubules. Expression of miR-124 also decreased Cdc42 protein and affected the subcellular localization of Rac1, suggesting that miR-124 may act in part via alterations to members of the Rho GTPase family. Furthermore, constitutively active Cdc42 or Rac1 attenuated neurite outgrowth promoted by miR-124. To obtain a broader perspective, we identified mRNAs downregulated by miR-124 in P19 cells using microarrays. mRNAs for proteins involved in cytoskeletal regulation were enriched among mRNAs downregulated by miR-124. A miR-124 variant with an additional 5′ base failed to promote neurite outgrowth and downregulated substantially different mRNAs. These results indicate that miR-124 contributes to the control of neurite outgrowth during neuronal differentiation, possibly by regulation of the cytoskeleton.     

Prognostic Value of CD166 Expression in Cancers of the Digestive System: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective

Many studies have reported the prognostic predictive value of CD166 as a cancer stem cell marker in cancers of the digestive system; however, its predictive value remains controversial. Here, we investigate the correlation between CD166 positivity in digestive system cancers and clinicopathological features using meta-analysis.

Methods

A comprehensive search in PubMed and ISI Web of Science through March of 2013 was performed. Only articles containing CD166 antigen immunohistochemical staining in cancers of the digestive system were included,including pancreatic cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. Data comparing 3- and 5-year overall survival along with other clinicopathological features were collected.

Results

Nine studies with 2553 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included for the analysis. The median rate of CD166 immunohistochemical staining expression was 56% (25.4%–76.3%). In colorectal cancer specifically, the results of a fixed-effects model indicated that CD166-positive expression was an independent marker associated with a smaller tumor burden (T category; RR = 0.93, 95%, CI: 0.88–0.98) but worse spread to nearby lymph nodes (N category; RR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.05–1.30). The 5-year overall survival rate was showed relationship with cytoplasmic positive staining of CD166 (RR = 1.47 95% 1.21–1.79), but no significant association was found in the pool or any other stratified analysis with 3- or 5- year overall survival rate.

Conclusion

Based on the published studies, different cellular location of CD166 has distinct prognostic value and cytoplasmic positive expression is associated with worse prognosis outcome. Besides, our results also find CD166 expression indicate advanced T category and N-positive status in colorectal cancer specifically.