民族传统体育非物质文化遗产保护传承研究

随着时代的发展,文化的变迁,我国民族传统体育非物质文化遗产的生存面临着巨大的挑战。运用访谈法、文献资料法、田野调查法,对民族传统体育非物质文化遗产的保护传承问题进行了探究。阐述了民族传统体育非物质文化遗产的特征;对民族传统体育非物质文化遗产的教育价值进行了概括总结,阐述了民族传统体育非物质文化遗产传承的当代危机;最后,指出了民族传统体育非物质文化遗产保护传承的策略。     

陕西非物质文化遗产中传统体育文化研究

从非物质文化遗产视角,分析陕西省非物质文化遗产中传统体育文化的分类、目前保护的现状与措施等,结果认为：成立专门的申遗机构,与学校体育联合,保护传统体育赖以生存的＂文化空间＂,重新思考体育类非物质文化遗产分类与归属问题,在保护为主的前提下进行合理利用与开发等是陕西非物质文化遗产中传统体育文化保护、传承与发展的重要途径。     

羌族传统体育非物质文化遗产保护的困境与对策

非物质文化遗产保护为羌族传统体育文化提出了一个崭新的传承理念,搭建了一个广阔的发展平台。通过非物质文化保护把羌族传统体育文化发展纳入政府部门管理发展,指导羌族民族文化的保护和传承,在新的历史时期对羌族民族传统体育文化所蕴含的广博深远内涵的提炼有着重要的作用。分析了羌族传统文化与非物质文化遗产保护取得的成就及存在的问题,并提出了对策。     

传统体育类非物质文化遗产保护现状调查研究——以江苏地区保护项目为例

运用文献资料调研、问卷调查、数理统计、专家访谈等方法,对江苏省传统体育类非物质文化遗产保护现状进行调查。研究发现,江苏省民间传统体育文化非常丰富,但近年来传统体育类非物质文化遗产在生存和发展方面遇到了前所未有的困境,因此传统体育文化也在很大程度上呈现出衰颓之势;大多数的江苏省居民对传统体育类非物质文化遗产的保护传承的重要性有相当高的认知,但前景不容乐观;建议通过扩大政策空间、拓宽地理空间、提升文化空间等方式来保护发展。     

非物质文化遗产保护视野下我国少数民族传统体育发展研究——以第十届全国少数民族传统体育运动会为例

体育作为非物质文化遗产中的重要内容,其发展状况如何,全国民运会为其提供了一个集中展示的大舞台。分析了全国民运会少数民族传统体育的传承机制,保护与发展状况,传播方式;提出了从非物质文化遗产视角对少数民族传统体育文化发展的建议:选择性保护传统体育项目,对于体现中华民族传统文化精神家园核心的项目要大力进行保护和传承。对于不合时宜、违背人类普世观,与人类发展方向背离的项目应该果断舍弃;辩证性发展体育项目,既让少数民族传统体育项目走上舞台,也让其扎根民间;建立少数民族传统体育数据库,更加直观、立体地对其加以传承。     

非遗视角下有关民族传统体育保护和传承的思考

非物质文化遗产是各民族人民世代相承的与群众生活具有密切联系的各种传统文化表现形式和文化空间的总和。它不仅是我国历史发展的重要见证,同时也是具有重要价值的文化资源。从非遗视角就民族传统体育保护和传承探讨和分析,先从目前民族传统体育保护情况为出发点进行介绍,然后剖析我国民族传统体育在非物质文化遗产保护中遇到的问题和挑战,最后针对性地提出能够促进民族传统体育保护和传承的方法策略,希望能达到抛砖引玉的效果,重新引发大众对民族传统体育的关注和期待,最终能对非物质文化遗产的保护工作产生一定的助益作用。     

非物质文化遗产视角下我国少数民族传统体育文化保护研究

对非物质文化遗产及保护进行了认识,并在这种视角下,分析了非物质文化遗产保护对我国少数民族传统体育文化保护的启示,提出了我国少数民族传统体育文化保护路径选择：（一）构建少数民族传统体育非物质文化遗产分级保护体系;（二）进行数字化整理与编目;（三）打造民族地区特色体育文化旅游品牌;（四）开发学校体育文化教育资源;（五）开展民族地区传统体育竞赛娱乐活动。     

民族传统体育非物质文化遗产保护与发展路径

民族传统体育是人类生活、社会发展的活态文化,具有较强的经验性、难言性、稀缺性,因此在"文化环保"运动兴起的今天将之纳入非物质文化遗产领域予以发展具有现实价值。文章在分析民族传统体育非物质文化遗产保护现状的基础上,提出了民族传统体育非物质文化遗产保护的如下路径:科学划分民族传统体育非物质文化遗产保护名录;整体性保护;秉承公共性、公益性;适度商业开发;传承人遴选与认定的团体性、民间化,以促进民族传统体育的非物质文化遗产良性发展。     

法律视野下民族传统体育文化的保护与传承

为了有效保护与传承优秀的民族传统体育文化、弘扬中华民族优秀传统,更好地促进新农村文化建设,采用文献资料、逻辑分析等方法剖析了民族传统体育保护与传承面临的困境问题。对体育法、行政法规、知识产权法、非物质文化遗产法等保护与传承民族体育文化的模式进行了探析,提出了民族传统体育文化的保护与传承原则、民族传统体育文化立法保护的模式、民族传统体育文化保护与传承的法律措施。     

传统体育文化遗产保护研究

非物质文化遗产的法制化保护为我国传统体育文化遗产的保护带来了历史性机遇,同时,也对如何根据我国传统体育文化的自身特性进行保护提出了新的课题.研究从保护的成绩、缺憾、契机和挑战方面分析中国传统体育文化遗产法制化保护的现状,展现我国传统体育文化遗产法制化保护的迫切性,并为进一步研究法制化保护在体育文化遗产领域的应用提供了现实依据.     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

青少年业余足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型初探

根据Scanlan等人最新提出的运动倾向性理论模型,结合我国实际情况建立了青少年足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型。运动倾向性被定义为:渴望和决心继续参加足球运动的心理状态。所建立的5因素结构模型认为,运动倾向性是由运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束及参与机会5个因素决定。经确定5个决定因素和运动倾向性的操作定义,编制了相应调查问卷,通过对北京市252名青少年足球运动员实测结果,建立运动倾向性及其影响因素的协方差结构模型,用Lisre 18分析的结果表明:该运动倾向性模型比较符合北京青少年足球运动员。其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会和参与选择4因素对运动倾向性有影响;社会约束对运动倾向性影响不大。     

Effect of 6 weeks of endurance training on the lactate minimum speed

The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s :age 23 +/- 4 years;body mass 69.7 +/- 9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23 +/- 4 years; body mass 72.7 +/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 ; and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 or the lactate minimum speed.In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO 2max (from 47.9 +/- 8.4 to 52.2 +/- 2.7 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3 +/- 1.7 to 13.9 +/- 1.6 km.h -1 ), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2 +/- 1.8 to 11.9 +/- 1.8 km.h -1 ) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 (from 12.5 +/- 2.2 to 13.2 +/- 2.1 km.h -1 ) (all P ? 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0 +/- 0.7 to 10.9 +/- 1.7 km.h -1 ). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed,when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity.