应用ROF模型的医学超声图像去噪方法

由于超声成像机制使医学超声图像中存在着大量的斑点噪声,这些斑点噪声大大降低了图像的清晰度和质量,给超声诊断带来很大的困难。针对医学超声图像的斑点噪声去噪问题,提出了一种基于帧相关处理、ROF分解和自适应小波阈值的去噪方法,能够在抑制超声图像斑点噪声的同时,尽可能地保留甚至增强图像的细节信息,大大提高图像质量,取得了很好的效果。     

基于Curvelet变换的浮选泡沫图像序列时空联合去噪

提出一种时空信息联合的浮选泡沫图像去噪方法。首先,将基于GSM统计建模和贝叶斯最小二乘准则的局部空间去噪方法应用到图像Curvelet域,获得基于单图像信息的Curvelet空间域最佳系数估计;然后,根据运动补偿原理和帧间子块的相关性引入帧间加权因子,通过加权处理帧间子块系数获得待处理图像时空相关的最佳去噪系数估计。结果表明,该方法能在去除噪声的同时更好地保护泡沫的细节,对于严重噪声污染的泡沫图像序列也能获得较好的处理效果。     

一种新的小波视频去噪方法

为了去除单帧图像小波去噪后残留的噪声和去噪时引入的类似脉冲噪声的伪细节,提出一种基于运动补偿的三维KNN(K-Nearest Neighbors)帧间滤波视频序列去噪方法.该方法首先对含噪声的视频序列中的每一帧图像进行小波去噪,然后对去噪后的图像进行基于运动补偿的三维KNN帧间滤波.实验结果显示,本文中提出的方法可以有效去除视频序列中的噪声,同时可以很好地保持运动对象的边缘.     

基于Cycle-spinning的多帧图像Contourlet去噪

本文提出一种改进的Cycle-spinning多帧Contourlet域图像去噪算法。根据视频序列连续帧间存在的运动信息,使用帧间位移矢量来代替平移技术对图像进行Contourlet去噪,基于帧间相关性不同的特点,改进Cycle-spinning变换为加权平均以消除伪吉布斯现象。实验结果显示该方法能有效去除各种类型的图像噪声,保留图像的细节和纹理信息,峰值信噪比(PSNR)有显著提高。     

基于小波分析的医学超声图像去噪与增强研究

去除超声斑点噪声,增强图像以提高图像质量是医学图像处理的重要课题。论文提出基于小波分析的超声图像去噪与增强方法。首先是结合自适应方向加权中值滤波和小波半_软阈值去噪法有效抑制了斑点噪声,保留必要的细节;然后采用基于小波变换高频增强法增强图像并用同态增晰法增强对比度,有效地改善图像的质量;最后从去噪图像和评价指标上与常用斑点去噪法进行了比较。实验表明,该方法优于其他方法,具有实际的应用价值。     

基于极坐标和蒙特卡罗估计的超声图像去噪方法

针对超声图像采集特性和斑点噪声分布特点, 提出极坐标系下融合蒙特卡罗估计的斑点噪声抑制方法。首先对极坐标系下含噪图像进行对数变换, 然后再与估计点相关的任意径向方向进行全局域采样, 根据样本点与估计点空间相关性和斑点噪声分布模型构造权重因子, 最后利用蒙特卡罗方法实现斑点噪声似然加权估计。实验结果表明, 该算法在滤除斑点噪声的同时, 更好地保持了图像细节信息。     

基于模糊逻辑的脉冲噪声自适应滤除

为了去除具有多个随机值的普通脉冲噪声,提出一种基于模糊逻辑的自适应去噪方法。首先,利用像素邻域梯度并结合模糊逻辑相关理论进行噪声点初步检测;然后,通过噪声直方图统计对噪声点作二次检测,排除误判的噪声点;最后,保留非噪声点,对噪声点进行自适应加权均值滤波,滤除噪声。仿真结果表明,该算法可以取得优于传统方法的去噪效果,并且能很好地保护图像的边缘和纹理信息。     

一种基于编码激励的超声弹性成像噪声抑制方法

超声弹性成像是利用生物组织弹性信息进行成像的影像学检测技术, 但图像上严重的伪影噪声降低了其临床诊断价值。编码激励技术在提高超声回波信号的信噪比、增加探测深度等方面有显著效果, 同时, 超声空间复合方法利用帧间噪声解相关性可有效抑制伪影噪声。为此, 在应用Chirp编码激励技术的基础上, 结合接收端的基于滤波器的弹性成像空间复合去噪算法, 进一步提高弹性图像质量; 利用Field Ⅱ仿真工具, 以Chirp作为激励信号仿真并计算复合的弹性应变。实验结果表明, 该方法能较强抑制弹性图像的伪影噪声, 对比传统弹性成像系统, 弹性图像的信噪比及对比度噪声比有明显的提升。     

一种红外序列图像弱小目标自动捕获方法

提出一种新的基于形态重构与自适应小波算法的自动捕获红外弱小目标的方法,处理方法分为帧间与帧内处理两部分。首先论证了形态重构滤波器在完备格理论下可以实现对红外图像背景的重构,其次分析了自适应小波结合了线性小波强抑制噪声特性和形态小波好的保留目标细节特性,在红外图像能够获得更好的去噪性能,最后通过结合自适应阈值处理方法和准则处理实现了帧内处理,利用时间序列上的形态膨胀累加完成帧间处理。通过对三种不同的红外图像序列的仿真处理,实验结果表明自动捕获方法可以快速准确地捕获图像的弱小目标。     

视频序列中运动目标自动提取的研究

本文提出了一种从彩色视频序列中,有效分割运动目标的算法。首先将当前帧图像和背景参考图像在YUV彩色空间中进行距离差分得到距离差分图像,然后根据差分图像直方图的单峰聚集特性,提出了基于直方图的自适应聚类分割算法;对分割后的二值图像采用图像形态学方法去除无用的噪声斑点,并根据得到运动模板,提出了背景参考图像的更新策略。实验结果表明这是一种简单、有效的运动目标提取方法。     

基于直方图统计信息的斑点噪声参数盲估计

以常见的斑点噪声为研究对象提出一种简单、快速的图像斑点噪声参数盲估计方法。该方法通过在仿真图像中加入不同强度的斑点噪声,分析含噪图像均匀区域内直方图分布特点,构造反映图像斑噪强度的噪声特征值,建立噪声强度与噪声特征值之间映射函数。实验结果显示,该函数不需要任何先验知识即可快速、有效地估计图像中的斑噪强度,可用于估计图像获取或传输时的噪声环境、分析斑点噪声强度与图像质量优劣的关系、指导及修改现有抑噪算法设计。     

Spatially adaptive thresholding in wavelet domain for despeckling of ultrasound images

Ultrasound imaging is widely used for diagnostic purposes among the clinicians. A major problem concerning the ultrasound images is their inherent corruption by the multiplicative speckle noise that hampers the quality of the diagnosis, and reduces the efficiency of the algorithms for automatic image processing. In this paper, we propose a new spatially adaptive wavelet-based method in order to reduce the speckle noise from ultrasound images. A spatially adaptive threshold is introduced for denoising the coefficients of log-transformed ultrasound images. The threshold is obtained from a Bayesian maximum a posteriori estimator that is developed using a symmetric normal inverse Gaussian probability density function (PDF) as a prior for modelling the coefficients of the log-transformed reflectivity. A simple and fast method is provided to estimate the parameters of the prior PDF from the neighbouring coefficients. Extensive simulations are carried out using synthetically speckled and ultrasound images. It is shown that the proposed method outperforms several existing techniques in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio, edge preservation index and structural similarity index and visual quality, and in addition, is able to maintain the diagnostically significant details of ultrasound images.     

基于贝叶斯非局部平均滤波的超声图像斑点噪声抑制算法

超声成像是现代医学影像学最重要的诊断技术之一。然而,由于乘性斑点噪声的存在,使得超声成像的发展受到了一定的限制。针对这种问题,提出了一种贝叶斯非局部平均（NLM）滤波算法的改进策略。首先,运用贝叶斯公式推导出适应于超声图像斑点噪声模型的非局部平均滤波器,由此引出了两种图像块之间距离计算的方式——Pearson距离和根距离;其次,为了减轻计算负担,在非局部区域中选取相似图像块时采用图像块预选择的方式来加速算法;另外,根据多次实验,总结出了一种滤波参数和噪声方差的关系,实现了参数的自适应;最后,利用Visual Studio和OpenCV实现了算法,使得程序的运行时间大幅缩短。为了评估所提算法的去噪性能,在幻影图像和真实超声图像上进行了实验,结果表明：与现有的一些经典算法相比,该算法在去除斑点噪声的表现上有很大提升,并且在保留图像边缘和结构细节方面取得了令人满意的结果。     

Visual enhancement of digital ultrasound images using multiscale wavelet domain

Ultrasonography has been considered as one of the most powerful techniques for imaging organs and soft tissue structures in the human body. The main disadvantage of medical ultrasonography is the poor quality of images, which are affected by multiplicative speckle noise. In this paper, we present a novel method for despeckling medical ultrasound images. The primary goal of speckle reduction is to remove the speckle without losing much detail contained in an image. To achieve this goal, we make use of the wavelet transform and apply multi-resolution analysis to localize an image into different frequency components or useful subbands and then effectively reduce the speckle in the subbands according to the local statistics within the bands. The main advantage of the wavelet transform is that the image fidelity after reconstruction is visually lossless. The objective of the paper is to investigate the proper selection of wavelet filters and thresholding schemes which yields optimal visual enhancement of ultrasound images, in particular. We employ the wavelet shrinkage denoising techniques with different wavelet bases and decomposition levels on the individual subbands to achieve the best acceptable speckle reduction while maintaining the fidelity of the image and also examine the effects of different thresholding techniques as well as shrinkage rules for denoising ultrasound images. The proposed method consists of the log transformed original ultrasound image being subjected to wavelet transform, which is then denoised by a thresholding technique using a shrinkage rule. Experimental results show that the subband decomposition of ultrasound images, using Bior6.8 and level 3 with soft thresholding based on Bayes shrinkage rule, performs better than other techniques. The performance is measured in terms of Variance, Mean Square Error (MSE), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Peak SNR (PSNR) and Correlation Coefficient (CC). The results of wavelet shrinkage techniques are compared with common speckle filters. We observe that the proposed method achieves better visual enhancement of ultrasound images which would lead to more accurate image analysis by the medical experts.     

基于NSCT域邻域收缩的SAR图像去噪

针对合成孔径雷达（Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR）图像受到相干斑噪声的干扰,严重影响了SAR图像的后续处理的问题,提出一种在非下采样轮廓变换（Nonsubsampled Contourlet Transform,NSCT）域将中值滤波和邻域收缩法相结合的SAR图像去噪算法。该算法对原始SAR图像进行NSCT分解,得到低频子带和高频子带图像,对低频子带使用中值滤波处理以去除低频子带中的低频噪声,利用NSCT分解系数之间的相关性,使用邻域收缩法对子带图的系数进行收缩,以消除高频子带中的高频噪声。实验证明,该算法与小波域邻域收缩去噪算法和NSCT硬阈值去噪算法相比,在去噪性能和视觉效果方面均有所提高,在消除噪声同时可以较好地保护纹理细节信息。     

Image quality based comparative evaluation of wavelet filters in ultrasound speckle reduction

This paper presents the comparative study of various wavelet filter based denoising methods according to different thresholding values applied to ultrasound images. An original image is transformed into a multi scale wavelet domain and the wavelet coefficients are processed by a soft thresholding method. The denoised image is the output image obtained from the inverse wavelet transform of the threshold coefficients using Donoho's method. It has been observed that such denoising methods are effective in the sense that they preserve the edge details besides suppressing the noise. The comparative evaluation of the denoising performance is shown using statistical significance tests for different wavelet filters. Image quality parameters such as peak signal-to-noise ratio, normalized mean square error, and correlation coefficient have been used to evaluate the performance of wavelet filters. The performance has also been compared with the adaptive weighted median filtering method.     

Smoothing of ultrasound images using a new selective average filter

Ultrasound images are strongly affected by speckle noise making visual and computational analysis of the structures more difficult. Usually, the interference caused by this kind of noise reduces the efficiency of extraction and interpretation of the structural features of interest. In order to overcome this problem, a new method of selective smoothing based on average filtering and the radiation intensity of the image pixels is proposed. The main idea of this new method is to identify the pixels belonging to the borders of the structures of interest in the image, and then apply a reduced smoothing to these pixels, whilst applying more intense smoothing to the remaining pixels. Experimental tests were conducted using synthetic ultrasound images with speckle noisy added and real ultrasound images from the female pelvic cavity. The new smoothing method is able to perform selective smoothing in the input images, enhancing the transitions between the different structures presented. The results achieved are promising, as the evaluation analysis performed shows that the developed method is more efficient in removing speckle noise from the ultrasound images compared to other current methods. This improvement is because it is able to adapt the filtering process according to the image contents, thus avoiding the loss of any relevant structural features in the input images.     

Bayes理论和邻域平均法在图像去噪中的应用

去噪处理是图像处理中较为重要的环节。针对加噪后的图像的直方图进行分析,依据最小错误率贝叶斯决策和均值滤波理论,提出一种基于均值滤波和最小错误率贝叶斯决策的去噪方法。首先对加入噪声后的图像直方图进行统计,从中估计出服从分布的不同类别参数,对图像中每一像素点进行判断是否为噪声,对噪声点进行基于均值滤波的处理。通过试验,取得了良好的效果。     

改进权值非局部均值超声图像去噪

目的 超声图像斑点噪声会影响诊断的准确性和可靠性。通过分析超声图像斑点噪声统计模型,结合非局部均值滤波算法,提出一种基于超声斑点噪声模型的改进权值非局部均值（NLM）滤波算法。方法 算法针对超声图像灰度信息对图像进行预处理,利用超声图像斑点噪声模型改进传统NLM算法的权值计算函数,基于图像特征确定最优采样间隔进行下采样,利用改进后的权值计算函数对图像进行NLM去噪处理。结果 分别采用人工合成与真实超声图像对本文算法性能进行测试,并与传统非局部均值滤波算法、非局部总变分（NLTV）等算法进行去噪效果比较,同时采用均方误差、峰值信噪比和平均结构相似性作为滤波算法性能的客观评价指标。本文算法能快速完成超声图像的去噪处理,峰值信噪比较其他算法可以提高0.2 dB以上,可以降低均方误差,提高平均结构相似性,缩短处理时间,并得到较好的图像质量和视觉效果。结论 根据超声图像斑点噪声模型对NLM算法的权值计算函数进行优化,使得NLM图像滤波算法能更好地适用于超声图像的去噪,基于超声斑点噪声模型的改进权值NLM算法相较于其他算法,滤波效果更佳,适合超声图像去噪。     

基于冗余小波变换的医学超声图像去斑噪算法

医学超声图像中固有的斑点噪声严重降低了图像的可解译程度,影响了后续的图像分析和诊断。提出了一种基于冗余小波变换的超声图像去斑算法,首先对含斑图像进行对数变换,将乘性噪声变成加性噪声;再对转换后图像做冗余小波分解;在小波系数服从广义高斯分布的前提下,计算每个小波高频子带的贝叶斯萎缩阈值,利用软阈值方法修正小波系数。实验结果表明,该算法去斑性能优于传统的空间域滤波和正交小波阈值去噪方法。