创伤手指康复外骨骼手系统的设计

在分析人手生物学特性的基础上,提出了一种新的外骨骼式机械手,用于创伤手指的术后康复治疗。基于模块化思想设计了外骨骼手机构本体,该外骨骼手可以适应不同人手长度,能够驱动手指进行独立的弯曲和内收/外展康复运动;康复过程要求外骨骼手能够实时反馈手指关节的角度和力信息,同时保证康复力始终垂直作用于指骨以避免损坏关节周围的软组织。对外骨骼手关节单自由度和二自由度构型进行了分析,建立了外骨骼手的运动学模型,给出了外骨骼手的运动学和动力学方程。以ARM微处理器为核心,建立了基于SPI总线的外骨骼手控制系统。最后,进行了外骨骼手的运动学和动力学仿真验证及食指弯曲方向康复实验研究。实验结果表明,创伤手指康复外骨骼手系统康复原理和方法正确可行,实验的重复性误差5%,表明外骨骼手系统能够满足创伤手指康复要求。     

手指康复外骨骼机器人的结构优化设计

为满足手指功能损伤患者康复的需要,设计了一种基于平面连杆机构的手指康复外骨骼机器人。通过分析仿生手指运动的自由度,建立了机器人运动学模型;以主要机械构件和手指关节转动角度为空间向量元素,求解了机器人的工作空间,在此基础上,得到各机械构件的最佳尺寸,从而完成对机械构件的结构优化设计。仿真实验表明,该机器人能带动手指在一定角度范围进行弯曲拉伸运动,可以满足手指损伤患者的康复训练需求。     

欠驱动康复外骨骼手的设计及试验

为了解决手部丧失运动能力患者的康复训练以及日常生活不便的问题,设计了欠驱动康复外骨骼手。研究了人手的生理结构,由关节间存在的耦合运动,设计了多连杆以及齿轮传动系统,实现欠驱动康复训练。利用解析法建立了单个手指的运动学模型,通过单个手指的运动学模型建立4指的拟合抓握模型,并进行了模拟仿真。建立样机并进行样机实验及运动学仿真,通过结果的对比分析,外骨骼手运动实现了预期的运动且运动合理、误差小。     

绳驱动假肢手指参数优化及抓取力分析

鉴于实现假肢手指类人手指运动规律在假肢手设计中的重要性,通过对假肢手指运动学进行分析,得到假肢手指关节转角与弹簧刚度的关系,并采用数据手套对人手食指自然弯曲过程中各关节转角进行采集,在此基础上,以假肢手指弯曲过程中关节转角与人手食指相近为设计目标,对假肢手指的参数进行优化,得到满足目标的弹簧刚度。最后根据虚功率原理建立假肢手指静力学模型,并将得到的数学模型与ADAMS虚拟样机的静力学仿真结果进行对比,验证了所建立的静力学模型的合理性。     

手部功能康复外骨骼的结构设计与分析

由脑卒中、脑外伤等原因导致的偏瘫患者的手部康复训练资源十分稀缺,针对这一现状,本文基于日常抓握动作中各手指关节协同相关性及其重要程度、结合各手指关节阻力矩进行康复外骨骼设计,该手部功能康复外骨骼共具有10个主动自由度,能够实现四指MP关节内收外展、四指MP与PIP关节耦合屈曲伸展、大拇指CMC关节对向运动及IP关节独立屈曲伸展运动等关节动作并具有充足的驱动能力,能够实现柱状抓握、球状抓握、盘状抓握、对捏等常用生活功能抓握活动的全手指功能康复。     

外骨骼式多指测量机器人研究

提出了一种新的外骨骼式多指测量机器人，用于对舱外航天服手套力学特性测量。本文设计的基于平行四边形连杆的外骨骼式机械手指，机械刚度大，指节长度根据需要可调节，能够围绕航天服手套实现包络运动且可实现双向驱动。根据机械手的结构特点,建立了其运动学模型。在手指动力学基础上设计了鲁棒μ控制器，分析了系统的模型不确定性，将负载动力学作为系统的反馈不确定，建立了合理的被控对象标称模型，轨迹跟踪实验表明μ控制器能够抑制干扰对机器人系统的影响，使系统具有鲁棒的稳定性和性能。测量实验表明外骨骼式多指机器人人系统的可靠性和测量原理的正确性。     

一种多自由度可调节下肢康复外骨骼的设计与仿真

针对下肢受损、脑卒中等患者的康复训练,设计了一款多自由度可调节下肢康复外骨骼,利用丝杆机构代替传统腿部结构,并在腰部设有转动模块,能更好地实现人机协同。采用拉格朗日方法建立下肢外骨骼动力学模型,并计算了理论转矩;构建了下肢康复外骨骼模型,利用Ansys和Adams软件分别进行了有限元仿真和外骨骼运动学/动力学仿真。结果验证了结构设计的合理性,为后续下肢外骨骼制造与电动机选型提供了依据。     

刚软结合可穿戴手部康复装置设计

手部康复装置是用于手部功能恢复治疗的装置,刚性装置柔性不足、贴合性差,容易造成二次伤害;软体装置驱动力小,且复杂软体装置不易制作。为克服刚性装置与软体装置的缺点,提出了一种结合软体关节与刚性指节的可穿戴手部康复装置。分析人手的生物结构,设计软体关节结构并分析其弯曲特性,基于刚软结合设计气动手指执行器,并进行有限元应力与变形分析;完成软体硅胶关节模具和手部康复装置的制作;搭建气动手指执行器测试实验平台,测试刚软结合手指执行器的弯曲特性和指尖力,并进行手部康复装置对不同形状物体的抓取实验。结果表明所设计的刚软结合可穿戴手部康复装置可实现手部抓握等运动功能的康复训练。     

下肢动力外骨骼设计分析与实验

为有效解决下肢肌肉功能退化及中风偏瘫等疾病导致的老年人下肢运动功能障碍,从康复医学的角度,分析了康复运动对下肢功能障碍患者恢复的重要性,结合人体生理结构,建立了人体肌骨模型,进行了肌骨仿真分析。为了准确判断患者的运动意图,设计了3种外骨骼专用传感器。在此基础上,提出了力感知助力关节结构方案,并设计了下肢动力外骨骼整体结构,进行了人机耦合运动学仿真分析。在结构设计的基础上,设计了下肢外骨骼的硬件及电气系统。为了验证理论研究的正确性,加工了外骨骼实验样机,进行了相关实验。实验结果说明,设计的外骨骼专用传感器可以准确获取相应信号,助力关节可以提供较大的关节助力,设计的下肢动力外骨骼能够准确判断患者的运动意图,可以长时间稳定安全地进行平地行走及斜坡行走。     

基于人机耦合模型的上肢康复外骨骼闭环PD迭代控制方法

针对多关节上肢外骨骼重复性康复训练非线性求解困难问题,提出了一种闭环PD迭代学习控制方法。基于人体工学确定了六自由度上肢外骨骼康复机械臂的参数、自由度配置与关节运动范围。以人机交互力为耦合方式,建立了基于牛顿-欧拉法的人机耦合模型,完成了人机耦合动力学模拟分析。基于迭代学习控制理论提出外骨骼康复机械臂的闭环PD迭代学习控制方法,通过建模仿真分析了肩关节/肘关节迭代学习控制的轨迹误差、人机交互力和驱动力矩。第三次迭代后的轨迹误差小于0.05 rad,PD迭代学习控制器的输出对系统控制进行了有效的补偿,提高了系统状态的稳定性。研制了六自由度上肢外骨骼康复机械臂样机,开展试验测试。试验结果表明,随着控制试验在迭代域上的运行,系统的输出向着期望的系统状态转化,所提出的迭代学习控制算法可以提高上肢外骨骼康复训练重复性运动的控制精度,进而提高人机交互性能。     

外骨骼康复机械手的结构设计及仿真分析

为解决中风患者传统康复训练效率低、成本高、不易在家中操作等问题,提出了外骨骼康复机械手的研究,首先建立了人手正逆运动学模型,然后以食指为例设计了外骨骼康复机械手结构,最后利用ADAMS软件进行运功学仿真,从而验证了设计结果的正确性。为控制系统的设计和物理样机的制造提供了理论依据。     

多指护理灵巧手的优化

从手指关节运动副型式、手指指数和手掌、手指结构、手指材料、各个关节运动的驱动方式以及传动方式、各关节截面的结构型式、传感器的选择和布置等7个方面对灵巧手进行优化分析。考虑到一般性和通用性,对各手指之间的相对位置及姿态、各关节的长度及回转关节的回转角度范围,运用拟人法,类比法,建立优化目标函数和约束条件进行优化计算,设计出一种用于护理机器人上的带手掌的3指9关节灵巧手。对灵巧手的具体结构作了分析,绘出了灵巧手的三维结构模型。优化的护理灵巧手扩大了抓取范围,安装了灵巧手的护理机器人,减轻了护士的劳动强度,提高了护理质量。     

一种欠驱动多指杆机器人手

提出的欠驱动多指杆机器人手能用直指或曲指方式履行各种工业操作任务。本文描述了三指多指杆手的工作原理,手指位移与力分析,这种手抓取物体的适应性,稳定性,抓力都优于常规手爪,提出的手指结构能减少控制复杂性,重量和成本,并能实现多功能地抓取不同物体的能力。     

Development of Gesture-Changeable under-actuated Humanoid Robotic Finger

Robotic fingers, which are the key parts of robot hand, are divided into two main kinds: dexterous fingers and under-actuated fingers. Although dexterous fingers are agile, they are too expensive. Under-actuated fingers can grasp objects self-adaptively, which makes them easy to control and low cost, on the contrary, under-actuated function makes fingers feel hard to grasp things agilely enough and make many gestures. For the purpose of designing a new finger which can grasp things dexterously, perform many gestures and feel easy to control and maintain, a concept called "gesture-changeable under-actuated" (GCUA) function is put forward. The GCUA function combines the advantages of dexterous fingers and under-actuated fingers: a pre-bending function is embedded into the under-actuated finger. The GCUA finger can not only perform self-adaptive grasping function, but also actively bend the middle joint of the finger. On the basis of the concept, a GCUA finger with 2 joints is designed, which is realized by the coordination of screw-nut transmission mechanism, flexible drawstring constraint and pulley-belt under-actuated mechanism.Principle analyses of its grasping and the design optimization of the GCUA finger are given. An important problem of how to stably grasp an object which is easy to glide is discussed. The force analysis on gliding object in grasping process is introduced in detail. A GCUA finger with 3 joints is developed. Many experiments of grasping different objects by of the finger were carried out. The experimental results show that the GCUA finger can effectively realize functions of pre-bending and self-adaptive grasping, the grasping processes are stable. The GCUA finger excels under-actuated fingers in dexterity and gesture actions and it is easier to control and cheaper than dexterous hands, becomes the third kinds of finger.     

一种欠驱动电动型两指多指节机器人手

在许多工业应用中,常要求机器人手结构简单,操作灵巧,控制容易,且具有较高的操作适应性,开发的欠驱动两指多指节机器人手仅用一台驱动电机就能以直指或曲指方式履行各种工业操作任务。文中描述了欠驱动两指多指节手的结构,工作原理与手指位移分析,与现有的欠驱动机器人手相比,这种多指节机器人手的结构更为简单紧凑,且能减少控制的复杂性,重量和成本,并能实现多功能地抓取不同物体的能力。     

一种结构解耦型变刚度驱动软体手抓握能力分析

为了实现变刚度驱动软体手的精确抓取,设计了一款结构解耦型的变刚度驱动(变刚度与变形驱动)软体手指。建立了软体手指的指尖力模型,并计算了手指指尖力,将实验测试的手指指尖力数据与计算结果进行比较,证明了手指指尖力模型在一定精度范围内能够预测手指的抓握行为。基于软体手指的指尖力模型对软体手的结构尺寸进行设计,并根据设计的软体手进一步研究指腹的抓握能力,通过仿真与实验的相互印证得到了软体手指腹抓取的抓握力模型。仿真和实验结果表明,软体手的抓握能力与手指的刚度、变形驱动能力以及软体手的抓握形态有关。     

Geometric Design-based Dimensional Synthesis of a Novel Metamorphic Multi-ngered Hand with Maximal Workspace

Current research on robotic dexterous hands mainly focuses on designing new finger and palm structures, as well as developing smarter control algorithms. Although the dimensional synthesis of dexterous hands with traditional rigid palms has been carried out, research on the dimensional synthesis of dexterous hands with metamorphic palms remains insu cient. This study investigated the dimensional synthesis of a palm of a novel metamorphic multifingered hand, and explored the geometric design for maximizing the precision manipulation workspace. Di erent indexes were used to value the workspace of the metamorphic hand, and the best proportions between the five links of the palm to obtain the optimal workspace of the metamorphic hand were explored. Based on the fixed total length of the palm member, four nondimensional design parameters that determine the size of the palm were introduced; through the discretization method, the influence of the four design parameters on the workspace of the metamorphic hand with full-actuated fingers and under-actuated fingers was analyzed. Based on the analysis of the metamorphic multi-fingered hand, the symmetrical structure of the palm was designed, resulting in the largest workspace of the multi-fingered hand, and proved that the metamorphic palm has a massive upgrade for the workspace of underactuated fingers. This research contributed to the dimensional synthesis of metamorphic dexterous hands, with practical significance for the design and optimization of novel metamorphic hands.     

Geometric Design-based Dimensional Synthesis of a Novel Metamorphic Multi-fingered Hand with Maximal Workspace

Current research on robotic dexterous hands mainly focuses on designing new finger and palm structures,as well as developing smarter control algorithms.Although the dimensional synthesis of dexterous hands with traditional rigid palms has been carried out,research on the dimensional synthesis of dexterous hands with metamorphic palms remains insufficient.This study investigated the dimensional synthesis of a palm of a novel metamorphic multi-fingered hand,and explored the geometric design for maximizing the precision manipulation workspace.Different indexes were used to value the workspace of the metamorphic hand,and the best proportions between the five links of the palm to obtain the optimal workspace of the metamorphic hand were explored.Based on the fixed total length of the palm member,four nondimensional design parameters that determine the size of the palm were introduced;through the discretization method,the influence of the four design parameters on the workspace of the metamor-phic hand with full-actuated fingers and under-actuated fingers was analyzed.Based on the analysis of the metamor-phic multi-fingered hand,the symmetrical structure of the palm was designed,resulting in the largest workspace of the multi-fingered hand,and proved that the metamorphic palm has a massive upgrade for the workspace of underactuated fingers.This research contributed to the dimensional synthesis of metamorphic dexterous hands,with practical significance for the design and optimization of novel metamorphic hands.     

基于sEMG和肌肉骨骼模型的手指多关节力矩耦合分析

手指内部力矩受表面肌电信号、肌力、手部姿态等因素影响而无法直接获取,为了实时且准确地获取手指各关节力矩以及耦合力矩并应用于手部康复机器人的交互控制中,提出了一种基于表面肌电信号和肌肉骨骼模型的手指多关节力矩和耦合力矩分析与实时获取方法。首先设计了自适应手指关节角度采集系统,通过实验同步采集指浅屈肌与指伸肌的肌电信号以及手指各关节的角度数据,建立手指多关节力矩模型,从而获取手指各关节力矩。然后建立手指D-H模型,结合虚功原理获取手指的耦合力矩。最后,辨识了手指多关节力矩模型的参数,并通过OpenSim软件获取了仿真力矩。计算力矩与仿真力矩的对比结果显示：4名被试3个关节力矩的均方根误差分别为0.156 7、0.097 425、0.084 95,证明了该方法能够实时并准确的获取手指各关节力矩和耦合力矩,能够满足手部康复机器人交互控制准确性和实时性的需求。