试析现阶段导游现状与应对策略

导游是旅游接待工作的主体,是旅游服务的一线人员,导游服务作为旅游产品的一部分向旅游者进行出售,从旅游开始到结束,导游是与旅游者接触最多的关键人物.本文试就导游生存现状进行分析,提出如何提高导游服务质量的策略.     

对钢材"负偏差"热的再思考

近年来,"负偏差"钢材大量上市并且热销,被成为钢材"负偏差"热现象.文章阐述了钢材"负偏差"的概念,分析了钢材"负偏差"产生的原因,探讨了钢材"负偏差"热现象可能引发的后果,提出了如何合理规避该现象所带来风险的建议.     

对钢材"负偏差"热的再思考

近年来,"负偏差"钢材大量上市并且热销,被成为钢材"负偏差"热现象.文章阐述了钢材"负偏差"的概念,分析了钢材"负偏差"产生的原因,探讨了钢材"负偏差"热现象可能引发的后果,提出了如何合理规避该现象所带来风险的建议.     

浅谈英语导游传统文化的传播

改革开放30年以来,中国旅游业有了飞速的发展,国际上每年都有数以百万计的外国游人来我国旅游.大量旅游者的涌入,促进了我了国经济,文化的对外交流.英语导游在带领游客浏览景观的同时,通过自己的讲解使外国人了解景点,更重要的是时我国传统文化的传播.本文主要论述了英语导游如何将我国传统文化向游人传播,希望能为英语导游文化传播提供一些思考.     

实行输液护理"零呼叫"的效果及体会

总结了临床实行输液护理"零呼叫"措施,包括输液过程中及时为病人换瓶、拔针,并及时发现病人的病情变化及不良反应的发生.减少输液不良反应的发生,构建新型护患关系,提高病人满意率.认为输液护理"零呼叫"能有效提高护理服务质量..     

"无为而治"——浅议商标零翻译策略的魅力

主要分析商标的零翻译策略,梳理其中直接音译法、优化音译法、转译法和移植法等具体翻译技巧,认为零翻译策略虽然使商标的源语信息向的语的传输为零,但却收到了良好的效果,是一种"无为而治";零翻译对于商标的国际流通不可或缺,是一种"无招胜有招"的商标翻译策略.     

转变师生关系扮好"四导"角色

<小学语文课程标准>已经对语文教学和语文课程改革产生了积极而深远的影响.凸显学生主体地位,要求教师更新教育理念,转变师生关系,实现角色的转换,做一个民主型现代教师.要求教师成为引领学生人格成长的"导师",成为学生学习活动中的"导游",成为学生综合实践活动中的"导演",成为学生健康成长中的"导航".     

南钢转炉实现"负能"炼钢的探讨

通过对转炉工序能耗分析,论述了回收二次能源在炼钢工序中的重要性.介绍了南钢65 t转炉蒸汽、煤气回收利用的工艺流程及实现蒸汽、煤气回收利用所开展的一些工作,探讨了南钢转炉实现"负能"炼钢的途径.     

高应变率下红砂岩"冻伤效应"

对低温冻结红砂岩进行动态冲击实验,研究高应变率下红砂岩动态力学特性的温度效应,运用损伤理论和能量理论,分析不同负温对红砂岩强度、损伤变量及能量耗散的影响,结合断口形貌分析,探究红砂岩在较低负温下动态力学强度出现劣化的原因.研究表明:较低的负温(-30℃后)会使红砂岩出现"冻伤",导致高应变率下岩石动态力学强度的急剧降低,宏观上则容易出现动力扰动下的瞬时工程灾变.根据断口形貌分析,较低的负温会导致红砂岩内部组成物质间界面处生成大量裂纹,这些裂纹尖端塑性变形能力差,在高应变率加载下极易失稳扩展发生低应力脆性破坏,而胶结物由于组成矿物成分复杂更易受负温影响,因此在动荷载和负温双重作用下往往是胶结物处先产生破坏,进而引起红砂岩整体的破裂.      

关于连铸中负滑动时间曲线的讨论

本文通过数学分析计算,得出每条负滑动曲线中负滑动时间达到最大值时,负滑动率N_J=-2.38657％,而不是零;负滑比N_e=54.77054％,而不是50％。     

Voices of fear and anxiety and sadness and depression: The effects of speech rate and loudness on fear and anxiety and sadness and depression.

Two studies investigated the role of expressive vocal behavior (specifically, speech rate and loudness) in fear and anxiety and in sadness and depression. In the 1st study, participants spoke about personally experienced fear and anxiety-arousing and neutral events using 3 different voice styles: fast and loud, normal, and slow and soft. In the 2nd study, participants spoke about personally experienced sad or depressing and neutral events using the same 3 voice styles. In both studies, the participants' highest levels of subjective affective and cardiovascular (CV) arousal occurred when they spoke about the emotional events in a mood-congruent voice style: fast and loud in the case of fear and anxiety, and slow and soft in the case of sadness or depression. Mood-incongruent voice styles canceled the heightened levels of CV arousal normally associated with these negative emotions. The voice-style manipulation had no significant effect on the participants' levels of CV arousal during the neutral discussions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sexuality and aging--usual and successful

BACKGROUND: As aging research increasingly reflects an effort to dissociate true time-driven changes from those that can be improved, sexuality in later life remains largely unexplored. Several problems are evident. There is a lack of normative data, a lack of a conceptual framework relating to the biology, psychology, and sociology of sex, and an attitudinal resistance that obscures the entire topic. METHODS: We conducted a three-part instructional series on major topics involved with sexuality and aging. We surveyed our group of attendees (n 158, average age 68 for males, 65 for females) before and after the series. RESULTS: A remarkably robust sex life was evidenced by both the men and the women, even until advanced old age. Yet, a substantially decreased involvement was reported from 10 years earlier. Despite current activities, people of both sexes wished they were participating even more than they currently were. Impotency was identified as the major negative feature for the men; relationship problems were for the women. A questionnaire 6 months after the series reported improved sexual attitudes, but no change in sexual activities from the earlier survey. CONCLUSION: Sexuality is a major quality-of-life issue which persists into old age. Our study showed that the usual sexual practices reported by our group were not considered by them to be ideal. The intervention of this instructional series provided improved sexual attitudes but not performance. Additional studies are encouraged.     

Synthesis and analysis of mixed chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and assessment of formation and occurrence of the fluorinated and chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Despite the use of multimodal therapy, higher-grade glioma is still uniformly fatal in the adult population. There is a considerable difference between the length of survival in each given patient, even within the same tumor type and malignancy grade group, suggesting that there are factors that might differentially influence outcome. To identify such factors, 107 patients with anaplastic or malignant glioma were retrospectively investigated. Clinical parameters and paraclinical data on the p53, mdm2, and EGFR genes at the DNA or protein level were evaluated by univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Kaplan-Meier survival estimation demonstrated that immunohistochemical positivity for mdm2 protein in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or with glioblastoma multiforme was associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.02). P53 gene mutations and immunopositivity for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein were not significantly related to poor prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed immunohistochemical positivity for p53, mdm2, or for both of them, the presence of postoperative irradiation, and the extent of surgical resection of tumor to be variables significantly associated with prolonged survival. EGFR overexpression, age over 60 years, and Karnofsky performance score below 40 points did not significantly shorten survival time. In conclusion, the present study identified immunohistochemically detected mdm2-protein overexpression as a statistically significant negative prognostic parameter in patients bearing anaplastic or malignant glioma. Association analysis of variables revealed a possible correlation between mdm2 and p53, which is also consistent with the biological interaction mode of both proteins in vivo.     

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and sports

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis occur predominantly in the lower lumbar spine. Besides congenital defects such as predisposition of spondylolysis the correlation between competitive sports activities and an increased incidence of spondylolysis is proved. In early stages, complete healing can be achieved by conservative treatment (abstinence from sports activities for 3 months, orthesis). Persistence of pain, neurologic symptoms and progression of vertebral slipping are indications for operative treatment (reconstruction of the isthmus, dorso-ventral spondylodesis). The exercise tolerance depends on the extent of instability, progression of vertebral slipping and clinical symptoms. The limits of exercise tolerance vary among the individual athletes and require the decision of the physician. Backstroke swimming, abdominal and back muscle strengthening exercises, and types of sport involving smooth movements are advisable. Sports education in school is possible without restriction in patients with stable spondylolysis and in those with spondylolisthesis without unfavourable concomitant factors.     

Larks and owls and health, wealth, and wisdom

OBJECTIVE: To test the validity of Benjamin Franklin's maxim "early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." DESIGN: Cross sectional analysis of sleeping patterns in a nationally representative group of elderly people, and longitudinal investigation of mortality. SETTING: Eight areas in Britain (five in England, two in Scotland, and one in Wales). SUBJECTS: 1229 men and women aged 65 and over who in 1973-4 had taken part in a survey funded by the Department of Health and Social Security and for whom data on sleeping patterns, health, socioeconomic circumstances, and cognitive function had been recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported income, access to a car, standard of accommodation, performance on a test of cognitive function, state of health and mortality during 23 years of follow up. RESULTS: 356 people (29%) were defined as larks (to bed before 11 pm and up before 8 am) and 318 (26%) were defined as owls (to bed at or after 11 pm and up at or after 8 am). There was no indication that larks were richer than those with other sleeping patterns. On the contrary, owls had the largest mean income and were more likely to have access to a car. There was also no evidence that larks were superior to those with other sleeping patterns with regard to their cognitive performance or their state of health. Both larks and owls had a slightly reduced risk of death compared with the rest of the study sample, but this was accounted for by the fact that they spent less time in bed at night. In the study sample as a whole, longer periods of time in bed were associated with increased mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, the presence of illness, and other risk factors, people who spent 12 or more hours in bed had a relative risk of death of 1.7 (1.2 to 2.5) compared with those who were in bed for 9 hours. The lowest risk occurred in people who spent 8 hours in bed (adjusted relative risk 0.8; 0.7 to 1.0). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support Franklin's claim. A "late to bed and late to rise" lifestyle does not seem to lead to socioeconomic, cognitive, or health disadvantage, but a longer time spent in bed may be associated with increased mortality.     

Craniometaphyseal and craniodiaphyseal dysplasia, head and neck manifestations and management

Mechanical allodynia (MA) following hand injury is a well-documented clinical problem. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the relationship between hand MA and the upper limb tension test (ULTT). The ULTT mechanically stresses the neural structures from the C5/6/7 neural foramina to the median nerve distally. This study examined 29 subjects with unilateral hand MA before and after a 2-week neural self-mobilization programme. There was a significant difference between the subjects' affected and unaffected sides when tested using the ULTT, both in reproduction of symptoms and in reduced range of motion of the ULTT. Following the self-mobilization program, there was an improvement in the range of the ULTT, and subjects reported a reduction in their symptoms. Complete recovery was not obtained in all cases. The results of this study suggest that the ULTT is a useful tool both in assessment and treatment of subjects with hand MA.     

Intralesional and topical chemotherapy and immunotherapy

This article covers the principles and applications of radiation therapy in horses. The goal in treating tumors by irradiation is tumor control with minimum treatment complications. Various treatment techniques are available to achieve this goal. The prognosis depends on many factors such as the extent and location of the tumor, tumor type and tumor cell proliferation. Radiation therapy is a very effective treatment modality for equine tumors but logistical reasons limit its impact in equine oncology.