伴随电子俘获衰变的俄歇电子能量及强度计算

简要介绍了伴随电子俘获衰变的俄歇电子能量与强度的计算方法、计算程序与工作流程,并以~(55)Feε衰变为例说明其具体应用。     

正电子湮没诱发俄歇电子能谱装置的物理设计

与X射线、高能电子或中子激发俄歇电子能谱相比,正电子湮没诱发俄歇电子能谱(PAES)具有极表面选择性、高信噪比、低辐照损伤等特点.本文介绍北京慢正电子强束流的PAEs装置,采用4×10-3 T磁场对正电子和俄歇电子进行输运,强弱磁场梯度对俄歇电子进行平行化,法拉第筒对俄歇电子的能量进行调制,使得整个系统的能量分辨优于2 eV.     

金属铀与铝薄膜界面的俄歇电子能谱研究

以磁控溅射沉积方法 ,采用循环氩离子轰击镀和未循环轰击镀工艺在金属铀上制备了铝薄膜。俄歇电子能谱分析结果表明 :循环氩离子轰击镀获得的铝薄膜和铀基体的界面扩散比未循环轰击镀的显著增强 ,且界面发生化学反应 ,生成了UAl3和Al2 O3相。     

铀铌合金真空热氧化膜的俄歇电子能谱研究

用俄歇电子能谱(AES)研究了高真空下，环境温度对铀铌合金真空氧化膜的影响。当温度高于603K时，氧化膜表面结构发生明显改变，表面主要由铀碳化合物、金属态的U和Nb组成。利用Ar^ 溅射铀铌合金真空热氧化膜进行深度分布分析，发现在热氧化膜的表面氧含量很小，而在热氧化膜的内部有氧增多的现象。     

动态离子束混合技术制备氧化铬薄膜的X射线光电子能谱与俄歇电子能谱研究

本文介绍的动态离子束混合技术制备氧化铬薄膜系在不锈钢基体上进行1keV氩离子束溅射沉积铬(同时通入一定量的O),并用100 keV的氩离子束或氧离子束轰击该样品.对两种离子束轰击形成的氧化铬薄膜进行了X射线光电子能谱(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,XPS)和俄歇电子能谱(Auger electron spectroscopy,AES)的分析研究.发现Ar 离子束制备的氧化铬薄膜主要是Cr2O3化合物,而O 离子束制备的氧化铬薄膜含有其它价态的铬氧化物.Ar 离子束制备氧化铬薄膜的污染碳少于O 离子束制备.与O 离子束制备相比较,相同能量的Ar 离子束轰击更有利于提高沉积的Cr原子与周围O2的反应性;Ar 离子束制备的氧化铬薄膜过渡层的厚1/3左右,较厚的过渡层显示了制备的薄膜具有较好的附着力.     

热稠密物质的电子压强及能量的计算

在球元胞、中心力场、Fermi统计近似下,用平均原子模型得到计算电子压强和能量所需要的全部原子参数。通过去掉束缚电子对压强的贡献,简化了计算过程,计算得到热稠密物质Fe,37Rb在26任意温度和密度下的单电子能级、电子压强以及电子总能量。     

^147Nd531kevγ射线发射风率的精确测量

用 4πβ γ符合装置和HPGeγ谱仪精确测量了14 7Nd 5 3 1keVγ射线的发射几率 ,测量结果为(1 3 1 1± 0 1 7) %。与以往报道的数据相比较 ,本测量结果的准确度明显改善     

电子能量损失谱仪用中高能电子枪的研制

研制了一台电子能量损失谱仪用的中高能电子枪。其产生的电子与原子、分子发生碰撞,通过谱仪收集、分析散射电子的动量和能量,可以获得靶的电子结构和碰撞动力学信息。该电子枪结构简单,由热阴极、栅极、阳极、聚焦极和偏转板组成;电子能量可调范围大(1-3 keV),操作简单。为了获得最优的束流条件,利用SIMION电子光学软件模拟了电子发射源大小和初始发散角对靶点处的束斑大小和束流发散角的影响。在电子能量为1.5 keV条件下,实验检验给出在离电子枪出口27 mm处可获得束径约为0.95 mm、束流发散角约0.93°和束流强度6.27mA的电子束,满足电子能量损失谱仪的使用要求。     

铀的电子能量损失谱密度泛函理论计算及实验研究

采用密度泛函理论计算及实验获取了铀的电子能量损失谱（Electron energy loss spectroscopy,简称EELS）。计算的谱峰位置与实验一致。结合计算得到铀的能带及态密度对计算谱及实验谱特征峰进行分析,结果表明：由于铀的5f电子形成窄带对等离子体振荡贡献较小,6p电子的共振跃迁致使等离子振荡频率降低;实验谱中13．3eV能量损失峰为体等离子体振荡峰,20．3eV能量损失峰为6p能带到费米能级跃迁能量损失峰,27．6eV能量损失峰为两次体等离子振荡吸收峰。     

不同粒子在硅中能量沉积的计算及比较

在粒子与物理相互作用的理论基础上,编写了计算中子非电离能量损失（NIEL）和电离能量损失（IEL）以及电子和γNIEL的Monte Carlo计算程序,利用编写的程序以及TRIM95和SANDYL程序计算了1MeV中子、20MeV以下电子和γ在硅中IEL和NIEL的大小和分布。对计算结果进行了分析和比较。     

α衰变的γ射线强度计算

根据α衰变的α强度和γ跃迁强度平衡,导出了α衰变的γ射线强度的计算公式,并以实例进行说明,并给出了有关强度平衡的物理自洽检验方法及其讨论。     

Calculations of energies and absolute intensities of Auger electrons and X-rays arising from electron capture decay

Calculations of energies and absolute intensities of Auger electron and X-ray arising from electron capture are introduced briefly. The calculation codes and main process are also presented. The application is also given by taking ^55Fe e decay as an example.     

(ε+β+)衰变的γ射线强度归一化因子计算

文章涉及根据伴随(ε+β+)衰变的β+、湮没辐射和X射线等的强度测量计算其γ射线绝对强度归一化因子的计算方法。文中给出了计算实例，并进行了简要讨论。     

Present Status of the Electron Cyclotron Emission Measurements on HT-7 and EAST

Present status of the diagnostics for electron cyclotron emission measurements on both HT-7 and EAST is reported. A 16-channel heterodyne radiometer system and a 20-channel grating polychromator, have been installed on HT-7 and EAST. A 32-channel heterodyne ra- diometer system, with a wider frequency coverage and better spatial resolution, is being built. In order to provide a reliable electron temperature profi, an in-situ absolute calibration system is currently being built. With the ECE measurements, study on the electron heat transport and the anomalous Doppler resonance is conducted.     

Calculations of Effective Dose and Ambient Dose Equivalent Conversion Coefficients for High Energy Photons

The conversion coefficients from photon fluence to ambient dose equivalent, H* (10) and effective doses were calculated for photons up to 10 GeV. A Monte Carlo code EGS4 was used for these calculations and secondary particle transports were considered. The calculated ambient dose equivalents were compared to the calculated effective doses. The comparison shows that the ambient dose equivalents at 1 cm depth, H* (10) underestimate the effective doses at the energy above 5MeV. H* (10) is not suitable operational quantity since it does not provide reasonable estimation of effective dose. It is difficult to define the operational quantity which can be consistently used for photons from low energy to high energy above 10 MeV. Instead of operational quantities, the maximum effective dose in various irradiation geometries can be used for shielding design calculations.     

Development of Soft X-Ray Sources with Electron Guns of Field Emission- and Thermal Cathode-Types and Their Application to Counter Experiments

Soft X-ray sources have been developed with electron guns of field emission- and thermal cathode-types. Those sources are used mainly to investigate the electron drift and avalanche properties in a gas counter. Thin films of aluminum, titanium, iron, copper and nickel are used as the X-ray targets. Beams of quasi-monochromatic X-rays are obtained with these targets. The emitted X-rays consist of characteristic and bremsstrahlung radiations, which are checked by using a high purity germanium detector. Generation of pulsed X-rays is also tried. As an example of the application of the X-ray source, results of measurements of the SQS (Self Quenching Streamer) phenomenon in a gas counter have been shown.     

Evaluation of decay data of 213Bi

213Bi disintegrates (97.91±0.03) % by β- emission to the levels in 213po, and (2.09±0.03) % through α decay to 209Tl. The evaluation of the complete decay scheme and data of 213Bi including the recent new measurements are presented in this report. The Limitation of Relative Statistical Weight Method (LWM) was applied to average numbers throughout the evaluation. The uncertainty assigned to the average value was always greater than or equal to the smallest uncertainty of the values used to calculate the average. The half-life is determined to be 45.59±0.06 minutes. All known measured gamma-ray relative emission probabilities have been examined. And the gamma-ray emission probability of the reference γ line of 440.44keV is recommended to be (26.1±0.3) %. The calculated internal conversion coefficients and their uncertainties have been used to obtain the complete decay intensity balance. The other decay characteristics are calculated using the ENSDF analysis program. Finally the new 213Bi decay scheme was re-built.