合肥市社区居民卫生服务需要与利用分析

目的:了解合肥市社区居民卫生服务需要及利用状况。方法:在合肥市社区卫生服务(CHS)覆盖范围内,随机选择1567户的4199名居民作为研究对象,用统一的调查表进行调查询问。结果:调查人群的两周患病率为8.0%;两周就诊率为7.9%;年住院率为7.3%;年急诊率为2.8%。居民选择社区卫生机构就诊的比例为51.2%,而选择在省、市级卫生机构住院的比例高达79.8%。结论:合肥市社区居民卫生服务需要较高,但是卫生服务资源利用不合理,CHS机构的服务能力有待加强。     

成都市某区居民健康状况和卫生服务利用调查及影响因素分析

[目的]了解成都某区社区居民健康状况及卫生服务利用情况。[方法]从成都市某区随机选取6个社区的1058户家庭共2850人进行调查。[结果]调查居民两周患病率为4.4%,年龄为两周患病的主要影响因素;慢性病患病率为5.5%,年龄和在业与否是慢性病患病的主要影响因素;居民两周就诊率为40‰,患病后对卫生服务的利用情况总体较好,最常就诊单位为省级及以上医院,其次是市级医院。[结论]社区居民的健康状况较好,对社区卫生服务的利用较差;应加强社区卫生服务工作,满足居民需求。     

中关村社区居民医疗保健卫生服务需要与利用调查分析(Ⅰ)——家庭询问调查部分

通过对中关村社区居民卫生服务需要与利用调查,表明该社区≥65岁老龄人口样本构成为12.8％;大专及以上学历占42.8％,科技人员占20.l％;居民两周患病率115‰;主要病种为慢性病,居民慢性疾病患病率为369.5‰,前5位病种依次为高血压、冠心病、椎间盘病变、运动系疾病、糖尿病;居民两周就诊率为 151‰,未就诊率33.99％;居民急诊率为 193.7‰;年住院率5％,未住院率为 3.4％,住院病种以慢性病为主;妇女、儿童及≥60岁老年人医疗保健状况均处于中上水平。 该社区慢性病中高血压患病率52.4‰居第一位,患病年龄从20岁组开始呈上升趋势。慢性病是该社区主要卫生问题。 年龄因素对卫生服务需要指标影响大,医疗保健制度对卫生服务利用指标影响大。     

南京市社区居民健康和卫生服务利用状况调查

目的了解社区居民健康状况和卫生服务需求。方法采用整群随机抽样法，对南京市12878名居民进行入户调查。结果社区居民慢性病患病率为26．6％，隐性高血压患病率为14．8％，高血压患者药物控制率为35．4％。社区居民的两周患病率、就诊率、年住院率分别为30．8％，13．0％和6．9％。结论应尽快发展社区卫生服务。开展社区慢性病预防。     

重庆忠县农村居民健康及卫生服务利用分析

目的在国家"十五"科技攻关计划项目"重庆市农村卫生适宜技术示范研究"的基础上,进一步了解重庆市忠县农村居民的健康水平和卫生服务利用状况,为大力推广卫生适宜技术提供依据。方法采用现场调查方法,通过多阶段分层等级随机抽样,对忠县农村80户居民进行问卷调查,对调查结果进行描述性比较分析。结果忠县农村居民两周患病率为30.68%、慢性病患病率为19.14%、两周就诊率为21.21%、住院率为10.04%,适宜技术知晓率为15.09%,适宜技术接受率为8.93%。结论忠县农村居民健康状况低于全国平均水平,卫生服务利用率高,居民卫生适宜技术知晓和接受程度低。     

广州市白云区“城中村”人群健康及卫生服务现况调查

目的：了解广州市城中村人群健康和卫生服务现况，为构建和谐社会，发展城市社区卫生服务提供依据。方法：多阶段分层整群随机抽样，在辖区城中村内抽取3个社区的部分居民进行问卷调查。结果：被调查人群两周患病率为117．2‰，慢性病患病率为107．2‰、两周就诊率为71．8‰、两周未就诊率为45．4‰、住院率为4．2‰，卫生服务需求和利用水平下降。结论：城中村人群卫生服务需要量隐性增加，对医疗服务需求和利用呈下降趋势，有效需求呈多极化。     

青岛市社区卫生服务现状及发展对策

目的：了解青岛市区居民医疗需求及卫生服务的利用现状。方法：采用整群随机抽样法,调查市区居民3057名,结果：居民的两周患病率为108．28‰,慢性病的患病率为24．58‰,居民的失能率为45．79‰,居民的两周就诊率为73．60‰,住院率为46．78‰。结论：青岛市区居民的慢性病的患病率较高,应加强社区卫生服务以满足居民的需求。     

黑龙江省第五次卫生服务调查居民卫生需求和利用分析

卫生服务调查对于揭示黑龙江省居民卫生服务需求与利用的现状与变化趋势,同时找出卫生服务中存在的主要问题,为政府相关部门制定卫生规划和政策改革提供客观依据十分重要。国家第五次卫生服务调查黑龙江省采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,对居民进行入户问卷调查。两周患病率为275.9‰,随着年龄的增加两周患病率呈上升趋势;慢性病患病率为329.2‰,两周就诊率为156.53‰,两周未就诊率为61.22%。居民调查前一年内住院率为80.43‰。黑龙江省居民的卫生服务需求量继续增大,卫生服务利用有待进一步提高。     

城市居民医疗服务需要利用及影响因素分析

通过对北京市两社区居民医疗服务需要与利用分析,调查表明该社区60岁及以上老年人口样本构成为16.4%;居民两周患病率为139.7‰;慢性病患病率为222.5‰,慢性病前五位病种依次为高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、脑血管疾病、心脏病;居民两周就诊率为121.2‰,两周未就诊率为13.24%;年住院率为51.1‰,平均住院天数为27天.慢性病中高血压患病率为115.4‰,居第一位,慢性病是该社区的主要健康问题.年龄、性别、文化程度、职业、医疗费用承担方式是影响居民医疗服务需要与利用的主要因素.     

宣威市新型农村合作医疗参合农民卫生服务利用公平性分析

目的调查分析新型农村合作医疗试点县宣威市农民的卫生服务需求和利用,为制定合理的新农合政策提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样调查2个乡镇1221户农户,共计4540人。调查农民卫生服务的需求和利用情况。结果两周患病率8.0%,就诊率11.7%,未就诊比例22.0%;住院率5.8%,未住院率8.4%。两个乡镇的就诊率、未就诊率和未住院率均存在统计学差异,经济发展好的卫生服务利用较高。不同收入农民住院率间存在统计学差异。结论新农合应关注公平性问题。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.