Pd/C-ZnCl_2复合催化体系催化苯酚加氢制备环己酮的研究

研究了Pd/C-ZnCl_2复合催化体系催化苯酚选择性加氢制备环己酮,考察了催化剂种类、溶剂种类、催化剂用量、Pd/C与ZnCl_2的质量比、反应温度、反应时间、反应压力等反应条件对苯酚加氢反应的影响。结果表明,最佳反应条件为苯酚0.1 g,复合催化体系Pd/C-ZnCl_2(质量比为3:1) 0.08 g,反应温度100℃,氢气压力为1.0 MPa,反应时间5 h,溶剂二氯甲烷10 mL。在上述反应条件下,苯酚转化率接近100%,环己酮的选择性达97.8%。     

Pd/KL催化剂高效催化苯酚选择性加氢制环己酮的研究

以KL分子筛为载体,采用浸渍法制备了Pd/KL负载型催化剂,对比了不同载体的钯负载型催化剂的苯酚选择性加氢反应及反应条件等对其催化活性和产物选择性的影响。结果表明,催化剂载体性质对该反应的催化性能具有较大的影响,载体表面碱性较强时,催化剂表现出更高的催化活性;由于KL分子筛载体中特殊的阳离子分布(孔道中必须存在K⁺),使分子筛表面呈碱性,因此表现出优异的催化性能。在反应温度为60℃、反应时间为6 h时,其苯酚转化率可达96. 1%,环己酮选择性达到94. 4%。     

烷基苯酚加氢用Pd/C催化剂性能研究

采用浸渍法制备不同助剂改性的Pd/C催化剂,并与未添加助剂的Pd/C催化剂对比,考察不同助剂对苯酚加氢制备环己酮用Pd/C催化剂性能影响.结果表明,助剂Zn对催化剂活性和选择性影响较小,助剂Mg、Fe、Co使烷基苯酚加氢用Pd/C催化剂活性和选择性均有所提升,且以CoCl2为Co源,质量含量为2.0％Co修饰的Pd/C...     

Pd/CMK-3催化加氢制备邻氨基苯酚研究

采用浸渍还原法在CMK-3介孔炭上负载Pd制备Pd/CMK-3催化剂,考察了Pd/CMK-3水相催化加氢邻硝基苯酚钠制备邻氨基苯酚钠的催化性能。结果表明:当Pd负载量为5%,反应温度为338 K,反应压力为1 MPa时,邻硝基苯酚钠的转化率达到100%,邻氨基苯酚钠的选择性高于99.5%,邻氨基苯酚收率为98.0%。采用XRD、BET、SEM和TEM对于催化剂进行了表征,结果表明:CMK-3具有良好的介孔结构以及较高的比表面积,Pd纳米颗粒在CMK-3表面高度分散且具有较好稳定性,因此具有更高的催化加氢活性。     

苯酚催化加氢合成环己酮取得突破性进展

随着世界经济的快速发展,全球的生态环境急剧恶化,资源短缺日趋严重,人类正面临着前所未有的生存危机。如何实现可持续发展已成为人类社会的重大问题。为妥善解决经济、资源和环境之间的尖锐矛盾,近年来,以从源头上消除污染、节省资源为核心的绿色化学引起普遍关注。提高反应的速率和选择性、采用无毒无害的溶剂是绿色化学的重要内容。     

苯选择加氢生产环己酮和苯酚

提出了由苯选择加氢生产环己酮和苯酚的工艺路线,并与工业上占主导地位的异丙苯法生产苯酚工艺路线进行对比,讨论了该路线的可行性、优越性和关键性技术问题,指出了其工业应用前景及今后的研究方向.     

氮化碳负载钯催化剂催化苯酚加氢制环己酮

为了开发苯酚加氢制环己酮高效催化剂,将脲在550 ℃高温聚合,制备了片层状氮化碳催化剂载体g-CN;负载钯纳米粒子后,得到Pd/g-CN催化剂。采用红外光谱、X射线粉末衍射、透射电镜和X射线光电子能谱对催化剂进行表征。将Pd/g-CN催化剂用于催化苯酚水相加氢,考察了不同载体和反应温度对催化性能的影响,并对催化剂重复使用性能进行研究。结果表明,载体g-CN含有大量的含N基团,能有效稳定金属纳米粒子,从而获得粒径较小、分散较好的Pd纳米粒子;同时,g-CN具有较强碱性,有利于苯酚的吸附,可提高苯酚的反应速率和环己酮选择性。采用负载Pd质量分数2%的Pd/g-CN催化剂,在反应温度80 ℃、反应压力0.1 MPa、n(Pd)∶n(苯酚)=0.02、苯酚1 mmol、水3 mL和反应时间3 h条件下,苯酚可完全转化,环己酮选择性高达99%。Pd/g-CN催化剂制备工艺简单,原料价廉,催化性能优异。     

Raney-Ni催化加氢制备2-氨基苯酚

将2-硝基苯酚溶于甲醇,置于反应釜中,加入Raney-Ni催化剂,在温度62℃、0.9MPa的氢气压力下,反应90～100分钟,制备2-氨基苯酚.     

苯酚一步法加氢制备环己酮的研究进展

环己酮作为重要的有机化工原料应用广泛,苯酚一步法加氢制备环己酮因流程简单、条件温和且环己酮选择性高而备受关注。重点介绍了目前催化效果较好的贵金属催化剂应用于苯酚一步法加氢制备环己酮反应的研究进展,以及不同载体对于贵金属催化剂性能提升的方式,分析了工艺条件对于产物分布的影响,指出了开发低成本高稳定性催化剂以及连续式液固相反应工艺是未来的发展方向。     

Hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone over Pd/MgO

Hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone has been investigated in the temperature range 160–250°C on a series of Pd/MgO catalysts. At 160°C the orders of reaction were found on all catalysts to be about ?1 with respect to phenol and about + 1 with respect to hydrogen. On the basis of the kinetic results it is suggested that the rate determining step is the surface reaction between phenol and hydrogen adsorbed on the catalyst. An increase in the reaction temperature decreases the rate of reaction. This has been explained through a change of the orders of reaction which increase with temperature. Palladium dispersion does not influence the reaction mechanism. The specific activity was found to be independent of palladium particle size.     

Pd/C催化硝基环己烷氢化制备环己酮肟

以Pd/C为催化剂,溶剂存在下硝基环己烷氢化制备环己酮肟.考察了溶剂种类、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度等因素对催化剂性能的影响.结果表明,溶剂的种类对硝基环己烷氢化产物的选择性有很大影响,乙二胺是该反应的合适溶剂.在催化剂与硝基环己烷摩尔比为1∶100、反应温度95 ℃的条件下,反应6 h后的硝基环己烷转化率可达100%,环己酮肟选择性可达84.2%.对硝基环己烷在碱性溶剂中氢化的反应机理作了初步探讨.     

Nb2O5 promoted Pd/AC catalyst for selective phenol hydrogenation to cyclohexanone

Phenol hydrogenation is a green route to prepare cyclohexanone, an intermediate for the production of nylon 66 and nylon 6. The development of high-performance catalysts still keeps a great challenge. Herein, the activated carbon (AC) was modified with an acidic material Nb₂O₅ to adjust the microstructure and surface properties of AC, and the influences of the calcination temperature and Nb₂O₅ content on the catalytic performance of the Pd/AC-Nb₂O₅ catalysts for the phenol hydrogenation to cyclohexanone were investigated. The Nb₂O₅ with proper content can be highly uniformly distributed on the AC surface, enhancing the acidity of the Pd/AC-Nb₂O₅ catalysts with comparable specific surface area and Pd dispersion, thereby improving the catalytic activity. The hybrid Pd/AC-10Nb₂O₅-500 catalyst exhibits the synergistic effect between the Pd nanoparticles and AC-10Nb₂O₅, which enhances the catalytic activity for the hydrogenation of phenol. Furthermore, the as-prepared Pd/AC-10Nb₂O₅-500 catalyst shows good reusability during 7 reaction cycles.     

Electrocatalysis over Pd catalysts: A very efficient alternative to catalytic hydrogenation of cyclohexanone

Electrocatalytic reaction was examined as an alternative method for the catalytic hydrogenation of cyclohexanone over Pd catalysts. The behavior of Pd/alumina catalyst and finely divided Pd catalyst in the electrocatalytic and catalytic hydrogenation of cyclohexanone in aqueous solution were investigated as a comparative study. The role of the pH of the solution was studied both in electrocatalytic and catalytic hydrogenation over Pd/alumina catalyst using acetic acid as a supporting electrolyte. High current yields were obtained for the electrocatalytic process, whereas, as expected from the literature, the catalytic hydrogenation was inefficient.     

Ni2P/ZrO2催化剂对苯酚的加氢性能

采用浸渍法及热分解法合成了不同负载量的Ni₂P/ZrO₂催化剂,通过XRD、TEM和氮气吸脱附等多种手段表征其物理化学性质,并通过对苯酚的加氢处理来研究载体对Ni₂P活性的影响。结果表明：Ni₂P分散负载在ZrO₂的表面,ZrO₂载体降低了Ni₂P的粒径,有效防止了Ni₂P的聚集,显著提高了Ni₂P对苯酚加氢脱氧的活性。在相同催化条件下,10%-Ni₂P/ZrO₂呈现出最佳催化活性。以10%-Ni₂P/ZrO₂为代表考察催化反应最优条件,在反应温度300℃、初始氢气压5MPa下反应2h,苯酚转化率达到90.8%,环己烷选择性达到91.7%。     

Dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone over Cu/SiO2 catalysts : Dispersion and catalytic activity

Copper catalysts supported on silica (Cu/SiO₂) were prepared by three different methods; incipient wetness, precipitation, and ion exchange. Catalytic properties in the dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol over these catalysts were examined. Copper surface area increased in the order of incipient wetness precipitation ion-exchange method for the catalysis with the same loading of copper. Conversion was mainly dependent on the copper surface area regardless of preparation methods, and selectivity to cyclohexanone was very high for all Cu/SiO₂ catalysts.     

钯碳催化剂的制备条件对苯酚气相加氢制环己酮的影响

采用浸渍法制备了Pd/C催化剂,考察了活性炭预处理方法、沉淀温度和还原方法对催化剂催化苯酚气相加氢制环己酮的影响。通过XRD和XPS对催化剂进行表征,考察了催化剂制备条件对Pd/C催化剂结构和催化活性的影响。结果表明:双氧水预处理可以向载体表面引入氧化性基团,促进钯在载体中的分散;在活性炭酸洗过程中进行搅拌,可以减少落粉的产生,提高催化剂的活性;沉淀温度升高会导致催化剂中Pd晶粒度变大;Pd晶粒度过小或过大都会导致催化剂活性下降;采用水合肼还原有利于提高催化剂的活性。