耐热素对猪饲粮养分消化率的影响

杜×长×大三元杂交肥育猪48头被随机分成3组,即对照组、试验1组和试验2组。3组猪试验处理如下:用基础饲粮直接喂对照组猪;在基础饲粮中加0.5%耐热素A后,喂试验1组猪;将基础饲粮中食盐含量降到0.2%,再加0.5%耐热素B后,喂试验2组猪。饲养试验期为54d。试验期间猪舍内最高温度39℃,最低温度22℃、平均相对湿度为71.6%;在对3组猪分别喂3种饲粮3周后开始采集粪样,连续采集1周。结果如下:试验1、2组猪的体温均在不同程度上低于对照组猪,但差异不显著(P>0.05);在高温下,耐热素能较好地维持猪健康状态;试验1组猪饲粮中粗纤维、粗灰分、钙、磷的消化率均显著地高于对照组(P<0.05),试验1组猪饲粮中粗脂肪、粗蛋白、无氮浸出物、干物质的消化率也比对照组高,但不显著(P>0.05)。试验结果表明:耐热素A在高温下对维持猪体健康和提高饲粮养分消化率有积极的作用。     

猪饲粮纤维的利用及其对养分消化的影响

我国粮食安全主要压力在饲料粮,破解粮食安全的重要潜力也在饲料粮。饲料资源短缺、人畜争粮矛盾日益加剧。开发非粮饲料资源和提高饲料养分利用率是缓解我国粮食安全矛盾的重大战略需求。自1864年Henneberg与Stohmann首倡的概略成分分析方法以来,饲料养分的测试方法已沿用一个半世纪,基本保持原体系未变。而针对饲料原料碳水化合物组分的复杂性和多样性,其分析方法和分析层次从Weende proximate粗纤维(概略养分分析)——van Soest洗涤纤维(范式洗涤纤维法)——总饲粮纤维法不断地演进。饲粮纤维黏性、溶解性和持水力等理化特性限制了本身以及饲粮中其它养分被单胃动物消化、吸收和利用,其抗营养作用受到饲粮结构、畜禽品种、生理阶段、环境条件等种种复杂因素的影响,同时饲粮纤维的分解产物具有重要的营养健康功能。因此,剖析饲粮碳水化合物组分和解析饲粮纤维对养分消化、吸收、利用规律至关重要。本文从饲粮纤维的定义和内涵入手,剖析饲粮碳水化合物组分的分析方法和层次的演进,分析饲粮纤维的物理化学特性及其抗营养机制,总结饲粮纤维在猪消化道利用特点,其中侧重分析了饲粮纤维水平和类型对猪饲粮能量、蛋白...     

猪饲粮养分消化率不同测定方法的比较

本试验采用全收粪法和Cr_2O_3法测定两种饲粮干物质、有机物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、无氮浸出物和能量消化率,并用离体消化法测定干物质和能量消化率。结果表明,Cr_2O_3法测得各种养分及能量消化率与全收粪法基本一致(P>0.05),离体法两项消化率也与全收粪法吻合。     

复合益微饲料对猪日粮养分消化率的影响

用酵母、乳酸菌、根霉等有益微生物接种于以稻草粉为主的基料上，通过发酵培养扩大得到复合有益微生物活菌饲料，然后添加入猪日粮中，结果表明：可使日粮养分消化率明显提高，分别使干物质提高9．1％(69．0％：59．9％)、粗蛋白质提高1．8％(72．8％ 71．0%)、粗脂肪提高5．2％(90．3％：85．1％)、粗纤维提高27．7％(32．8％：5．1％)、能量提高7．5％(70．2％：62．7％）。     

日粮中小麦比例和添加复合酶对猪养分消化率的影响

小麦作为一种玉米的可替换能量饲料资源，在实践中常作为饲料企业降低生产成本的选择性方案。但小麦的非淀粉多糖含量高，直接导致动物肠道的黏性增加，使养分的有效性和饲料的代谢能降低。近年来，复合酶制剂在猪饲料生产中得到广泛的应用．为高效利用小麦等日粮提供了有效途径。但含纤维素酶、β-葡聚糖酶、木聚糖酶和果胶酶的复合酶在不同日粮中的应     

低蛋白日粮对育肥猪养分消化率和排泄量的影响

试验旨在探讨低蛋白日粮对育肥猪养分消化率和排泄量的影响。选用42头初始体重为(91.13±1.64)kg的杜长大育肥猪分为2组,每组3个重复,分别饲喂粗蛋白水平为15.49%(对照组)和12.59%(低蛋白组)的日粮。试验期30d。结果表明:(1)低蛋白组干物质、粗脂肪消化率显著提高(P0.01),粗蛋白、钙、磷消化率无显著变化;(2)低蛋白组精氨酸、天冬氨酸、异亮氨酸消化率比对照组分别低2.02%(P0.05)、5.42%(P0.05)、2.97%(P0.05),苏氨酸、蛋氨酸、脯氨酸消化率较对照组分别提高2.93%(P0.05)、1.43%(P0.05)、1.19%(P0.05);(3)低蛋白组育肥猪每天的氮排泄量比对照组低23.96%(P0.05),而有机物、磷、钙排泄量无显著差异(P0.05)。试验结果显示,日粮蛋白水平降低2.9个百分点可以改善养分的消化率,减少氮排放,但降低了精氨酸的消化率。     

饲粮离子平衡对断奶仔猪生长性能和养分消化率的影响

为研究饲粮离子平衡对断奶仔猪生长性能和养分消化率的影响,试验选择体重(6.4±0.20)kg的400头健康杜长大三元杂种断奶仔猪,按体重相近原则随机分为4组:对照组饲喂饲粮离子平衡(dEB)为0 mEq/kg饲粮,T1组饲喂饲粮离子平衡(dEB)为80 mEq/kg饲粮,T2组饲喂饲粮离子平衡(dEB)为160 mEq...     

低蛋白质饲粮添加BCAAs对生长前期海南猪生产性能和饲料养分表观消化率的影响

为研究低蛋白质饲粮添加支链氨基酸对生长前期海南猪生产性能和饲料养分表观消化率的影响,选健康、体重为（18.10±0.67kg）的阉割海南猪公猪144头,随机分为4处理组,每组6个重复,每重复6头猪,其中1个处理组为对照组,饲喂正常饲粮（21%CP）,其余3个处理组为试验组,试验Ⅰ组粗蛋白质水平为18%,试验Ⅱ组为18%CP+支链氨基酸（18%CP+BCAAs）,试验Ⅲ组为18%CP+2倍支链氨基酸（18%CP+2BCAAs）。预饲期为7天,正式试验期40天。结果表明：（1）生长前期海南猪在平衡饲粮中赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸和苏氨酸4种必需氨基酸的条件下,当饲粮粗蛋白质水平由21%降低到18%,饲粮中添加支链氨基酸（亮氨酸、异亮氨酸和缬氨酸）,使其含量达到对照组（21%组）的2倍,可以使海南猪达到正常饲粮的生产效果;（2）饲粮中粗蛋白质降低至18%时,生长前期海南猪粗蛋白质的表观消化率均显著提高（P<0.05）,分别比对照组提高了9.89%、11.75%和12.49%,其中以试验Ⅲ组结果最好（P>0.05),表明降低海南猪饲粮中的粗蛋白质水平,确实是提高饲料利用率和降低粪便中氮...     

饲粮添加喹乙醇对肥育猪增重和养分消化率的影响

本试验选用全同胞(杜X大)杂种肥育猪6头(其中4头去势公猪,2头去势母猪),按照配对试验设计,进行了饲粮添加咬乙醉(50ppm)和不添加的饲养对比试验和消化试验,为期1个月,基础饲粮含消化能3o78kcal/kg,粗蛋白质17.4%,     

不同添加水平的紫花苜蓿草粉对育肥猪生长性能、养分表观消化率的影响

为探讨饲料中添加不同水平的紫花苜蓿草粉对育肥猪生长性能、养分表观消化率的影响,采用单因素设计试验,选择体重相近的健康三元杂交育肥猪120头,随机分成4组,每个组3个重复,每个重复10头。1组饲喂基础日粮为对照组,2、3、4组分别在基础日粮中添加2.0%、4.0%、8.0%紫花苜蓿草粉,预试验10 d,试验期60 d。试验期间测定育肥猪生长性能、养分表观消化率。结果表明:(1)试验2、3、4组猪只的平均日采食量均高于1组(P > 0.05),试验2、3组平均日增重较1组分别提高9.84%、12.05%(P < 0.05),料重比分别降低4.33%、6.50%(P < 0.05);(2)试验2、3、4组干物质、粗灰分表观消化率均高于1组(P > 0.05),试验2、3组总能较1组分别提高5.46%、5.85%(P < 0.05),试验2、3组粗蛋白质、粗脂肪的表观消化率较1组分别提高7.24%、9.11%、6.50%、7.20%(P < 0.05)。综上,紫花苜蓿草粉可以提高育肥猪的生长性能和养分表观消化率,并以4.0%添加较为适宜。     

Effects of space allocations and energy levels on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in growing and finishing pigs

Two experiments were conducted to investigate effects of different space allocations and different dietary metabolizable energy (ME) levels on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in growing and finishing pigs. In experiment 1, a total of 84 growing pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an initial body weight (BW) of 27.10 ± 1.60 kg were used in a 5‐week trial. Pigs were blocked based on initial BW into a 2 × 2 factorial design with the following factors: (i) 0.60 or 0.80 m²/pig space allocations; and (ii) 3,400 or 3,550 kcal/kg ME of diets. In experiment 2, a total of 84 finishing pigs with an initial BW of 67.43 ± 1.97 kg were used in a 10‐week trial. Pigs were allotted based on initial BW into a 2 × 2 factorial design with the following factors: (i) 0.81 or 1.08 m²/pig space allocations; and (ii) 3,300 or 3,450 kcal/kg ME of diet. In experiment 1, high ME diet improved gain‐to‐feed ratio (G:F) in pigs with low space allocation but not in pigs in high space allocation (p < .05). Additionally, high ME diet increased apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nitrogen in low space allocation but decreased ATTD of nitrogen in high space allocation (p < .05). In experiment 2, high ME diet improved average daily gain (ADG) and G:F in early‐finishing pigs with low space allocation but not in pigs with high space allocation (p < .05). In conclusion, the provision of high ME diets was not enough to overcome the reduction in growth performance due to low space allocation but can improve feed efficiency in growing pigs and daily gain and feed efficiency early‐finishing pigs.     

The influence of lupin seed germination on the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids in pigs

The germination process can modify the chemical composition of nutrients in seeds, which can influence the digestibility and utilization of sprouts in animal diets compared to raw seeds. The aims of research were to provide controlled germination process of lupin seeds, monitor the changes in seed composition and determine the influence of the germination on the coefficients of standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein and amino acids in growing pigs, compared to raw lupin seeds. The seeds of two lupin species were used: yellow (RYL) (Lupinus luteus, cv. Lord) and blue (RBL) (Lupinus angustifolius, cv. Graf). Germination was provided in the dark at 24 °C for 4 days. Nutritional and antinutritional compositions of raw and germinated seeds (GYL and GBL, respectively) were analysed. Digestibility study was performed on pigs with an average body weight of 25 kg, and the pigs were surgically fitted with a T‐cannula in the distal ileum, with chromic oxide as an indicator. Seed germination increased the crude protein and fibre concentrations, but reduced the levels of the ether extract, nitrogen‐free extracts and all amino acids in protein. The content of alkaloids and raffinose family oligosaccharides decreased in both lupin species. Germination had no positive impact (p > 0.05) on the SID of crude protein and amino acids. Germination of lupin seeds negatively influenced the SID of lysine and methionine (p < 0.05). The results of the research revealed a decrease in the concentrations of antinutritional factors in the sprouts of yellow and blue lupins compared to raw seeds; however, no positive effect was observed on the coefficients of the standardized ileal apparent digestibility of protein and amino acids.     

The effects of dietary fiber level on nutrient digestibility in growing pigs

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of total dietary fiber level on nutrient digestibility and the relationship between apparent total tract digestibility of total dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber and available energy. Sugar beet pulp was as the only fiber source. The experiment was designed as a 6 × 6 Latin square with an adaptation period of 7 d followed by a 5-d total collection of feces and urine. Feed intake tended to decrease (P =0.10) as total dietary fiber level increased. The apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy decreased (P <0.01) when total dietary fiber increased but the digestibility of soluble dietary fiber and insoluble dietary fiber increased (P <0.01). The digestible energy and metabolizable energy content of diets decreased (P <0.01) as the total dietary fiber increased.     

The effects of dietary fiber level on nutrient digestibility in growing pigs

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of total dietary fiber level on nutrient digestibility and the relationship between apparent total tract digestibility of total dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber and available energy. Sugar beet pulp was as the only fiber source. The experiment was designed as a 6 x 6 Latin square with an adaptation period of 7 d followed by a 5-d total collection of feces and urine. Feed intake tended to decrease （P =0.] O） as total dietary fiber level increased. The apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy decreased （P 〈0.0]） when total dietary fiber increased but the digestibility of soluble dietary fiber and insoluble dietary fiber increased （P 〈0.01）. The digestible energy and metabolizable energy content of diets decreased （P 〈0.01） as the total dietary fiber increased.     

日粮中添加发酵饲料对育肥猪养分消化率及肠道菌群的影响

为研究日粮中添加不同水平的发酵饲料对育肥猪养分消化率及肠道菌群的影响,试验选用560头杜×长×大三元育肥猪[(75.37±2.65)kg],根据体重、性别随机分为7组,每组5个重复,每个重复16头,对照组饲喂育肥猪日粮,试验组分别在育肥猪日粮中添加5%或10%的发酵饲料A、B、C,饲喂21 d后每组选5头育肥猪肛门采集新鲜粪便测定肠道菌群多样性;并在饲喂第29天和第30天,各组每个重复连续收集粪便混合后测定养分消化率。结果表明:日粮中添加发酵饲料对育肥猪粗蛋白质、能量和干物质的消化率没有显著影响(P>0.05),相比对照组,饲喂发酵饲料组的粗蛋白质消化率有所提高(最高组提高2.9%);同时肠道菌群中乳杆菌属丰度有所增加,表明在日粮中添加一定比例的发酵饲料可以改善育肥猪养分消化率和肠道健康。     

BGB饲料对生长猪和肥育猪生长性能的影响

本试验旨在评估BGB饲料对生长猪和肥育猪生长性能的影响。试验分两期进行,试验1选用初始体重为19.02±0.04kg的阉公猪72头,随机分为3组。以玉米-豆粕型日粮为基础日粮,对照组添加60mg/kg盐霉素,试验组分别添加5%、10%的BGB饲料。试验期28d,计算日采食量(ADFI)、日增重(ADG)和饲料转化率(FCR)。试验2选用初始体重为57.01±0.6kg的阉公猪54头,试验期35d,试验期日粮处理与饲养管理同试验1。试验1结果表明:处理组与对照组各项测定指标无显著差异(P>0.05),但在饲喂后期,5%BGB添加组的ADG比对照组提高7.8%,饲料转化率改善10.8%。试验2结果表明:处理组与对照组各项测定指标无显著差异(P>0.05),在饲喂后期,5%、10%BGB添加组的ADG分别比对照组改善了10.7%和4.0%。从全期结果来看,处理组的效果要优于对照组,5%BGB添加组效果最好。以上两个试验表明:添加BGB可以达到与添加抗生素相似的生产水平,对生长性能有一定的促进作用,最适添加量为5%。     

Responses of non-starch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes on digestibility and performance of growing pigs fed a diet based on corn, soya bean meal and Chinese double-low rapeseed meal

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of two distinct enzyme preparations on nutrients' digestibility and growth performance of growing pigs fed diets based on corn, soya bean meal and Chinese double-low rapeseed meal (DLRM). The two enzyme preparations were Enzyme R, a preparation extracted from fermentation of a non-GMO fungus Penicillum funiculosum, developed for multi-grain and multi-animal species; and Enzyme P, a xylanase preparation from Trichoderma longibrachiatum, for pigs fed corn-based diets only. Both enzymes were tested at 0, 0.25 and 0.50 g/kg feed using 70 crossbred male pigs (Large Yorkshire x Landrace) in five dietary treatments and seven replicates in each treatment, for growth period from 27 to 68 kg live weight in 49 days. Results showed that the supplementation of both enzymes (1) increased total-tract digestibility of dietary energy from 77.5% (control) to 81.4% (Enzyme R, p < 0.05) and 81.9% (Enzyme P, p < 0.05); of neutral detergent fibre from 41.0% (control) to 57.8% (Enzyme R, p < 0.05) and 60.0% (Enzyme P, p < 0.05); (2) improved average daily gain from 786 g (control) to 829 g (Enzyme R, p < 0.05) and 846 g (Enzyme P, p < 0.05); and numerical increases in feed intake from 1.96 kg/pig/day (control) to 2.01 (Enzyme R) and 2.00 (p > 0.05) and feed conversion ratio from 2.50 (control) to 2.42 (Enzyme R) and 2.36 (Enzyme P, p < 0.05); (3) there was a dose response but no significant differences were observed in enzyme efficacy between the two enzyme preparations. The present study demonstrated beneficial effects of applying xylanase-based enzymes to improve feeding values of pig diets based on corn, soya bean meal and DLRM.     

嗜热毛壳菌纤维复合酶对饲料中蛋白质和能量代谢率的影响

本研究选用42日龄的健康AA肉鸡36羽,随机分成12组,采用排空强饲法研究了嗜热毛壳菌纤维复合酶对6种肉鸡常用饲料中粗蛋白质和能量代谢率的影响。试验选择肉鸡常用的3种蛋白质饲料(棉粕、豆粕和花生粕)和3种能量饲料(玉米、小麦和次粉),每种饲料分成2组,即对照组和加酶组。试验结果表明:嗜热毛壳菌纤维复合酶能显著提高棉粕和小麦中粗蛋白质的表观代谢率(P<0.05),对豆粕、花生粕、玉米和次粉中粗蛋白质的表观代谢率的影响差异不显著(P>0.05);能使小麦的表观代谢能提高7.52%(P<0.05),玉米和次粉的表观代谢能分别提高9.06%和10.93%(P<0.01)。使棉粕的表观代谢能提高5.12%,花生粕提高4.06%,豆粕提高1.91%(P>0.05);可以使玉米和次粉中能量的表观代谢率分别提高9.04%和10.95%,均差异极显著(P<0.01);小麦中能量的表观代谢率提高了7.55%(P<0.05)。对棉粕、花生粕、豆粕等蛋白质饲料中的能量表观代谢率无显著影响(P>0.05)。     

Apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in diverse barley cultivars fed to growing pigs

The objectives of this study were to determine the chemical composition, ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility of barley varieties and to develop equations to predict the AA digestibility based on the chemical characteristics of individual barley. A wide selection of nine barley varieties in the main growing regions of China was used in the experiment. Ten crossbred pigs (30.9 ± 1.8 kg) were allotted to a 6 × 10 Youden Square. The treatments included a nitrogen‐free diet and nine barley test diets. Considerable variation was observed in the content of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, crude protein (CP) and all AAs among the barley samples. The standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of indispensable AAs with the exception of arginine, phenylalanine and threonine were different (P < 0.05) among the nine barley sources tested. With R² values exceeding 0.50, significant linear regression equations for CP and threonine were obtained. In conclusion, significant differences existed in the ileal digestibility of CP and AAs among barley varieties. It is difficult to predict the SID of most of the amino acids in barely based upon chemical characteristics.