哈尔滨市售动物性食品中兽药残留量检测

目的 了解黑龙江省哈尔滨市市售动物性食品中兽药残留现状,为食品安全管理提供相关信息.方法 于2007年5～10月,从哈尔滨市8个主要农贸市场和5个超市采集猪肉、鸡肉和牛肉各13份,采用高效液相色谱法测定土霉素、金霉素、四环素、己烯雌酚和盐酸克伦特罗残留情况.结果 共检测出3种兽药(土霉素、四环素和己烯雌酚)残留,金霉素和盐酸克伦特罗未检出;检出率分别为土霉素5.13%,四环素、己烯雌酚为2.56%;残留量均超出中国相应标准.牛肉的兽药检出率和超标率均为15.38%;鸡肉兽药的检出率和超标率均为7.69%;猪肉兽药的检出率和超标率均为7.69%.结论 在哈尔滨市售的动物性食品中存在土霉素、四环素和己烯雌酚残留,应采取相应措施,降低兽药残留,确保人体健康.     

陕西省329份市售鸡肉和鸡蛋中四环素类抗生素残留调查

目的了解陕西省市售鸡肉、鸡蛋中四环素类抗生素残留情况。方法于2017-2018年,从陕西省10个地市的主要超市(商店)和农贸市场随机采集鸡肉、鸡蛋样品共329份,采用液相色谱-质谱/质谱法检测,依据235号公告中规定的限量标准对数据进行评价分析。结果样品中四环素类抗生素残留检出率为21.0%,超标率为4.26%,其中强力霉素、土霉素、金霉素和四环素的检出率分别为17.9%、9.73%、4.26%和1.82%;强力霉素和土霉素有超标情况,超标率分别为3.95%、0.30%。164份鸡肉样品中四环素类抗生素残留检出率为33.5%,超标率为1.22%;165份鸡蛋样品中检出率为8.48%,超标率为7.27%。结论陕西省市售鸡肉鸡蛋中存在四环素类抗生素残留情况,状况不容乐观。建议有关部门能够强化养殖环节的监管,加强动物源性食品中抗生素残留的监测力度,保证市民饮食安全。     

猪、牛肉中抗生素残留量的调查

的了解石家庄市市售猪、牛肉中抗生素残留程度。方法采用色谱法对100份猪、牛肉样品进行土霉素、四环素、金霉素残留量调查分析。结果50份猪肉样品土霉素、四环素、金霉素分别检出32、39和22份；10份牛肉样品土霉素、四环素、金霉素分别检出6、3和6份。结论市场销售的猪、牛肉均不同程度残留抗生素，应引起社会的充分重视。     

2016 - 2018年湖北省鸡肉和鸡蛋中四环素类药物残留监测分析

目的 分析2016 - 2018年湖北地区鸡肉和鸡蛋中四环素类抗生素残留情况,为评估其危害提供科学依据。方法 2016 - 2018年在湖北省15个地市州随机抽取市售鸡肉和鸡蛋样品共538份,用超高效液相色谱 - 质谱法检测其四环素类抗生素残留量,并用SPSS 25.0统计软件对检测数据进行分析。结果 样品中四环素类抗生素的检出率为15.61%（84/538）,检出率高低排序依次为强力霉素（69/538）＞金霉素（12/538）＞土霉素（6/538）＞四环素（3/538）;超标率为3.53%（19/538）,1份鸡肉样品和18份鸡蛋样品弹力霉素不合格。鸡肉中四环素类抗生素的检出率高于鸡蛋,但超标率低于鸡蛋（P＜0.05）。弹力霉素是鸡肉和鸡蛋样品中检出率最高且唯一超标的项目。2018年样品中抗生素检出率高于2016年和2017年（P＜0.0167）。不同采集地点的鸡肉和鸡蛋中四环素类抗生素的检出率差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 湖北省市售鸡肉和鸡蛋样品中四环素类药物残留情况不容乐观,应加强禽类饲料药物规范使用的监管,持续开展相关食品中四环素类抗生素残留的监测。     

衡阳市售动物源性食品中四环素类抗生素残留调查

目的对衡阳市售动物源性食品中四环素类抗生素残留进行调查,为评估其潜在健康风险提供参考依据。方法于该市各市辖区大型农贸市场随机抽取动物源性食品样品113件,样品经前处理后行高效液相色谱-质谱法检测,以SPSS18.0对检测结果进行分析。结果肉类、水产类、奶类和蛋类样品中土霉素和四环素的检出率均高于60%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),样品中四环素类抗生素检出率高低排序依次为土霉素(103/113)四环素(90/113)强力霉素(5/113)金霉素(4/113)。结论动物源性食品中四环素类抗生素残留现状不容忽视,有关部门应加强食品中抗生素的残留的监管,尤其加速实现对饲料生产企业、养殖企业等单位的兽药使用规范。     

2020年河南省动物性食品中四环素类抗生素残留水平调查

目的 了解河南省动物性食品中四环素类抗生素残留水平,为加强监管提供数据支撑.方法 2020年随机采集河南省9个地区动物性食品664份,按《国家食品污染和有害因素风险监测工作手册》中标准操作程序,检测样品中四环素类抗生素残留.结果 四环素类抗生素检出96份,总体检出率为14.46％,不合格11份,不合格率为1.66％,其中9份鸡蛋检出禁用抗生素强力霉素,2份鸡肉中强力霉素超标.不同类别食品中检出率由高到低依次为鸡肉(38.89％)、鸡蛋(6.50％)、猪肉(5.77％)、鱼(5.56％)、虾(2.22％).四环素、金霉素、土霉素、强力霉素4种抗生素均有检出份样品中,检出范围为1.02～166.27μg/kg,检出率由高至低依次为强力霉素(10.54％)、土霉素(4.82％)、金霉素(0.90％)、四环素(0.75％).农贸市场和商店超市样品检出率分别为12.65％、16.27％,不合格率分别为2.11％、1.20％,差异均无统计学意义(x2值为1.75、0.77,P值均＞0.05).结论 河南省动物性食品存在一定程度的四环素类抗生素残留,总体处于较低水平.     

杭州城区动物性食品中四环素类抗生素残留调查

目的了解杭州城区市售动物性食品中四环素、金霉素、土霉素和强力霉素的残留水平,为动物性食品的质量安全监管提供依据。方法 2018年从杭州市西湖区、江干区、下城区和滨江区的农贸市场、超市和个体自营店采集鸡肉、鸡蛋、河/湖虾和淡水小龙虾共66份,按照GB/T 21317—2007 《动物源性食品中四环素类兽药残留量检测方法液相色谱-质谱/质谱法与高效液相色谱法》检测四环素、金霉素、土霉素和强力霉素残留水平。结果 66份样品检出四环素类抗生素残留样品13份,总检出率为19.70%。除鸡蛋外,其他3类样品均检出四环素类抗生素残留,检出强力霉素11份,检出率为16.67%,检出浓度为0.87～7.36μg/kg;检出土霉素6份,检出率为9.09%,检出浓度为1.99～12.90μg/kg;四环素和金霉素均未检出。鸡肉样品中强力霉素和土霉素的检出率分别为47.06%和17.65%;河/湖虾样品中强力霉素和土霉素的检出率均为10.71%。西湖区、江干区、下城区和滨江区样品的四环素类抗生素检出率分别为28.57%、22.22%、20.00%和7.69%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。来自超市、农贸市场和自营商店样品的四环素类抗生素检出率分别为23.08%、17.65%和16.67%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论杭州城区市售鸡肉、河/湖虾和淡水小龙虾均有强力霉素和士霉素残留,需加强对养殖业合理用药的指导与监管。     

宁波市鲜活水产品抗生素残留调查研究

目的：系统了解宁波市市售鲜活水产品中抗生素的残留现状。方法：随机选择35个采样点,共采集230份样品,采用液相色谱或ELISA方法进行抗生素检测。结果：氯霉素检出范围0-0.31μg/kg,超标率5.2%;土霉素检出范围0-6 300μg/kg,超标率22.2%;金霉素检出范围0-2 300μg/kg,超标率50.4%;四环素检出范围0-1 300μg/kg,超标率23.5%;恩诺沙星检出范围0-322.1μg/kg,超标率6.5%;诺氟沙星检出范围0-49.33μg/kg,无超标;氟苯尼考检出范围0-23.07μg/kg,无超标;呋喃唑酮检出范围0-6.2μg/kg,无超标;磺胺（总）检出范围0-256.5μg/kg,超标率1.3%。各抗生素在海水养殖产品中超标率高于淡水养殖产品。结论：宁波市市售鲜活水产品存在部分抗生素残留超标,海水养殖产品中超标情况尤为严重,需要加强水产品养殖、销售的管理。     

广州市部分禽畜肉的激素及抗生素残留状况分析

目的了解近年广州市禽畜肉及内脏的激素及抗生素残留状况。方法2006—2008年对广州市肉菜市场、连锁超市、餐饮业，副食品批发及零售店采集的485份样品进行己烯雌酚、丙酸睾酮、盐酸克伦特罗等激素及抗生素的残留检测。结果238份禽畜肉检测己烯雌酚和丙酸睾酮项目．乙烯雌酚和丙酸睾酮残留检出率分别为13．87％（33／238）、3．78％（9／238）；32份猪内脏检出1份盐酸克伦特罗，含量为4．80mg／kg；173份禽畜肉检测四环素类药物残留，超标率为21．96％，超标样本含量范围为0．16—9．54mg／kg；74份猪内脏检测四环素类药物残留，超标率为29．73％，超标样本含量范围为1．20～12．10mg/kg。结论激素类兽药残留状况不容忽视，四环素、土霉素在禽畜肉中的残留情况比较普遍，尤其内脏超标值较高，应加强兽药监管及禽畜养殖业的产品从源头到销售各个环节的兽药残留、饲料添加剂使用的监管和检测，完善食品安全体系。     

2004年～2006年临沂市蔬菜有机磷农药残留情况分析

目的了解2004年-2006年临沂市市售蔬菜有机磷农药的残留情况，分析三年期间有机磷农药残留情况的变化趋势。方法采用分离能力较强的毛细管柱气相色谱法对蔬菜中11种有机磷农药进行了检测。结果在350份样品中，67份蔬菜检出有机磷农药，检出率为19．14％；45份超标，超标率为12．86％。2004年120份样品中，23份蔬菜检出有机磷农药，检出率为19．17％；16份超标，超标率为13．33％。2005年120份样品中，25份蔬菜检出有机磷农药，检出率为20．83％；17份超标，超标率为14．17％。2006年110份样品中，19份蔬菜检出有机磷农药，检出率为17．27％；12份超标，超标率为10．91％。结论三年的有机磷农药检出率、超标率变化不大，三年之间无明显差异，提示我们仍需加强预防措施，防止中毒事故的发生。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.