桉叶油及其β-环糊精包合物的体外抗菌作用研究

目的:研究柠檬桉树叶挥发油及其β-环糊精包合物的体外抗菌作用。方法:以致病性金葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌为受试菌,采用试管法体外测定桉叶油及其包合物对大肠杆菌和金葡萄球菌的半数抑菌浓度(MIC50)。结果:柠檬桉叶油对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的半数抑菌浓度分别为0.0069mL/mL和0.0074mL/mL,桉叶油包合物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的半数抑菌浓度分别为0.380g/mL和0.423g/mL。结论:柠檬桉树叶油及其包合物对金葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌均有较强的抑制作用。     

桉叶挥发油对几种寄生虫驱杀作用的研究

观察了不同浓度的桉叶油对体外培养环境下蠕形螨和阴道毛滴虫的杀虫作用。并用实验小鼠为对象,观察了桉叶油对三种常见传病蚊种的驱避作用。实验结果表明,桉叶油对蠕形螨和滴虫均有较强的杀虫作用。随着药物浓度的增加和药物作用时间的延长。虫体死亡率明显升高,２％和５％桉叶油分别是杀滴虫和蠕形螨的有效而经济的浓度,５％桉叶油对中华按蚊、致倦闸蚊、白纹伊蚊均有明显驱避作用,对白纹伊蚊的驱避效果强于中华按蚊和致倦库蚊,绝对保护时间分别为：白纹伊蚊１７０ｍｉｎ,中华按蚊和致倦库蚊均为１３０ｍｉｎ,桉叶油的抗寄生虫作用研究将有助于我国药用植物资源的进一步开发利用。     

The in-vitro antimicrobial activity of Abrus precatorius (L) fabaceae extract on some clinical pathogens

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the in-vitro antimicrobial activities of the extracts of Abrus precatorius on some clinical isolates as resistance to available and affordable antibiotics by these pathogens is on the increase. METHOD: In this study the antimicrobial effects of the extracts of Abrus precatorius from leaves, stem and the seed oil were tested against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, three clinical S. aureus isolates from different sources, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus anginosus (S.milleri), Bacillus subtilis, Corynebacterium spp (toxigenic strain of the mitis biotype), Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as Candida albicans using the agar well diffusion technique. Aqueous and methanolic extraction, using the soxhlet extractor was carried out on all plant parts used while petroleum ether was the solvent used to extract the seed oil. To measure the MIC values, various concentrations of the stock, 512, 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8 and 4 microg/ml were assayed against the test bacteria. RESULT: At the different concentrations of the extracts used (512 microg/ml - 4 microg/ml), Staphylococcus aureus was the most sensitive organism with an MIC of 8 ug/ml for the leaf extract. Extract from the stem and seed oil were potent against some of the gram-positive bacteria and Candida albicans but not against S anginosus, E. faecalis and gram-negative bacteria tested. The pH of the extracts ranged between pH5 and pH8. This study demonstrates that Abrus precatorius particularly the seed oil has a potent antimicrobial activity. CONCLUSION: The results substantiate the ethno botanical use of different parts of Abrus precatorius for the treatment of various bacteria-related diseases. Topical application of Abrus precatorius extracts in ointments may be recommended especially for treating superficial infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus.     

三种国产氟喹诺酮药物体外抗菌作用

测试了国产氟哌酸、氟啶酸和甲氟哌酸等三种氟喹诺酮类药物(FQs)对8种共80株细菌的体外抗菌活性(MIC)及其对大肠杆菌2280杀菌作用的量效关系,结果表明,主种药物对大肠杆菌,阴沟扦菌、志贺氏菌属、沙门菌属、克雷白氏肺炎杆菌和金萄菌具有强大的抗菌活性(MIC90多≤1ug/ml)。对绿脓杆菌的作用较弱(MIC90为2—4ug/ml4株变形杆菌对三种FQS药物也较敏感(MIC为0、25—2ug/ml),但1株耐利福平杆菌的MIC为9ug/ml,提示利福平与FQS药物之间可能存在交叉耐药性。三种药物对大肠杆菌2280的杀菌量效关系呈双相变化,最强杀菌浓度为1—2ug/ml。本文对其临床意义进行了讨论。     

STUDY OF IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF 19 ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AGAINST PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA

The in vitro antibacterial activity of 19 antimicrobial agents against 40 strains of P aeruginosa was studied. The 19 antimicrobial agents included 7 semisynthetic penicillins, 6 third generation cephalosporins, 5 aminoglycosides and l quinolone agent. The minimal inhibition concentrations (MIGs) were measured by the serial dilution on solid agar. Ceftazidime was the most active in 19 antimicrobial agents again P aeruginosa (MIC50: I pg / ml, MIC90: 2 /ig / ml) Amikacin and ofloxaxin followed it in activity. Acylureido-penicillins, such as azlocillin, fur- benicillin and piperacillin were highly active against P aeruginosa, which could inhibit, 92.5%, 90% and 85% of these strains at a concentration of 8 µg/ml. Cefsulodine and cefoperazone were also active against the same strains, inhibiting 92.5% and 99% of the strains at a concentration of 8 µg / ml. The potency of the agents mentioned above against P.aeruginosa was similar to that of aminoglycosides. The drug susceptibility of 10 strains isolated in our hospital was compared with that of 29 strains of other hospitals in Beijing. The MICS of 5 penicillins and 3 cephalosporins against the isolates of our hospi- tal was higher than that of other hospitals, suggesting that the susceptibility of β-lactam antibiotics against isolates of our hospital was lower. The effects of combined use of azlocillin with oxacillin and piperacillin with ofloxacin against 4 strains of carbenicillin-resistant P aeruginosa was studied using check-board testing. The synergy and partial synergy were observed in both combinations.     

In vitro susceptibilities to 23 antimicrobial agents of Haemophilus influenzae from pediatric patients in Japan

One hundred eighty-six clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) collected from January 1996 through December 1997 from 182 pediatric patients and 16 isolates from blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 13 patients with bacteremia and purulent meningitis collected during the last ten years were examined for in vitro susceptibilities to 23 antibiotic agents, including 3 penicillins, 9 cephalosporins, 4 carbapenems and others, as well as for their encapsulated types and beta-lactamase production. Ceftriaxone (a third generation cephalosporin) had the highest activity against the strains in this study (minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC90 of 0.025 microgram/ml) and cefditoren (a new oral cephalosporin) was the most active oral antimicrobial agent (MIC90 of 0.05 microgram/ml). Meropenem had a much higher activity against H. influenzae (MIC90 of 0.2 microgram/ml) than the other carbapenems (imipenem, MIC90 of 1.56 micrograms/ml, panipenem, MIC90 of 1.56 micrograms/ml, and biapenem, MIC90 of 3.13 micrograms/ml). Regarding the serotyping of the encapsulated strains, 172 strains (85.1%) were nontypeable and 30 (14.9%) were serotyped (24 strains of type b, 4 strains of type e, one each of type a and c). Fifteen of the strains isolated from blood and CSF were type b and one was nontypeable. Sixteen of 202 strains (7.9%) produced beta-lactamase and all of them produced both penicillinase and cephalosporinase. The production of beta-lactamase in this study was lower than that reported in previous studies [1-3]. In this study, some strains were found against which the MICs of carbapenems were very high (highest MIC of imipenem was 12.5 micrograms/ml, of panipenem was 6.25 micrograms/ml and of biapenem was 25 micrograms/ml). Therefore, we assayed the binding affinities of imipenem for each of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) about one of these resistant strains. In resistant strains, inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of imipenem for PBP4 and 5 were much higher than those in susceptible strains. Thus, the results demonstrate the decrease of the affinity of imipenem for PBP4 and 5. It seems, therefore, that the major factor in the resistance to imipenem of H. influenzae was the low affinity of PBP4 and 5 for the drug.     

水蒸气蒸馏法和提取-共沸精馏耦合技术提取艾叶挥发油比较研究

目的:比较水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)和提取-共沸精馏耦合技术(WER)提取艾叶挥发油的效果.方法:分别采用SD和WER法提取艾叶挥发油,计算挥发油得率.采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对挥发油进行成分分析,比较两种提取方法制得的艾叶挥发油中成分及含量差异.结果:①SD法提取挥发油得率为0.502 ml/100 g,WE...     

口康含漱液治疗急性白血病并口腔感染的临床观察及体外抑菌实验研究

目的：研究口康含漱液的体外抑菌作用及临床疗效。方法：用琼脂稀释法测定口康含漱液对49株口腔病菌的最低抑菌浓度，并对60例急性白血病并口腔感染患者中40例采用中药口康含漱液治疗，20例采用口泰含漱液治疗。结果：49株口腔病菌中，27株革兰氏阴性杆菌MIC范围0．03－1．0g/ml,MIC50均为0．125g/ml,MIC90为0．125－0．50g/ml；21株革兰氏阳性球菌MIC范围0．008－0．50g/ml,MIC50 09.015-0.125g/ml,MIC90为0．015－0．50g/ml,1株白色念珠菌MIC 0．015g/ml.40例急性白血病并口腔感染患者采用中药口康含漱液治愈率为82．5％，总有效率92．5％，较口泰对照组明显升高（P＜0．01），结论：口康含漱液对各类不同口腔病菌株均有抑菌作用，临床应用对急性白血病并口腔感染患者疗效明显优于口泰对照组，是一种较好的抗口腔感染的药物。     

Experimental Study on the Antibacterial Effect of Origanum Volatile Oilon Dysentery Bacilli In Vivo and In Vitro

BacillarydysenteryisaverycommoncontagiousdiseasethatinflictmanypeopleduringsummersandautumnsinChina .Shigella ,ordysenterybacteria ,isthemostcommonbacteriathatcausethebacillarydysentery .Overpastyears ,moreandmoredysenterybacteriadevelopeddrugresistance[1…     

便塞通胶囊挥发油的β-环糊精包合工艺研究

目的考察β-CD包合便塞通胶囊中挥发油的最佳工艺条件。方法采用饱和水溶液包合法,以挥发油利用率和包合物收得率为评价指标,利用正交试验筛选包合工艺。结果最佳包合工艺条件是:β-CD用量与挥发油的比例为6∶1(g/m l),包合温度为40℃,包合时间为1h。结论此包合工艺收得率较高,且稳定、可靠。