快冷Fe71Al29合金中的两个内耗峰

用一个计算机控制的倒扭摆研究了快冷Fe71Al29合金中的两个内耗峰.在快冷的Fe71Al29样品中分别在180℃(P1)，340 ℃(P2)和510℃(P3)出现了内耗峰，而在慢冷的Fe71Al29样品中只发现了P3峰.快冷样品中的P1和P2峰在从650℃冷却下来的测量过程中或在350℃经过较长时间的时效后消失，其峰高随时效时间的增加 而下降，直至消失.P1和P2峰都有弛豫特征，它们的激活能分别为：H1=1．03±0．08eV(P1峰)；H2=1．64±0．05eV(P2峰).P1峰被认为是无序合金中Al原子在四面体点阵内的最近邻运动所引起，P2峰则是无序合金中Al原子在四面体点阵内的次近邻运动所引起. 关键词： Fe-Al合金 内耗     

快冷Fe-Al合金中的原子缺陷弛豫

在多功能内耗仪上用自由衰减和强迫振动方法研究了不同Al含量淬火Fe-Al合金中的两个弛豫型内耗峰.结果显示：P1(180℃)和P2(340℃)两个内耗峰只出现在淬火样品的加热过程中,而在随后的冷却过程中不出现.P1峰是由在α和β(或γ)点阵上的空位组成的最近邻双空位偶极子在应力诱导下的重新取向产生的,其弛豫强度随Al含量非单调地变化,在大约25% Al(原子百分比,以下同)处出现最大值.Al含量较低的Fe-Al合金无 关键词： 空位 弛豫 Al含量     

快冷Fe-Al合金中的原子缺陷弛豫

在多功能内耗仪上用自由衰减和强迫振动方法研究了不同Al含量淬火Fe-Al合金中的两个弛豫型内耗峰.结果显示：P1(180℃)和P2(340℃)两个内耗峰只出现在淬火样品的加热过程中，而在随后的冷却过程中不出现.P1峰是由在α和β(或γ)点阵上的空位组成的最近邻双空位偶极子在应力诱导下的重新取向产生的，其弛豫强度随Al含量非单调地变化，在大约25% Al(原子百分比，以下同)处出现最大值.Al含量较低的Fe-Al合金无     

纳米复合超硬薄膜中与界面有关的弛豫现象

利用内耗技术研究了TiSiN系列纳米复合超硬薄膜的结构弛豫和硬化机理。当共振频率大约在100Hz时在230～280℃范围内观察到一个弛豫型的内耗峰。计算出激活能为0．7～1．0eV，弛豫时间指数前因子为10^-10～10^-12秒。对比一系列样品。发现硬度越高内耗峰越低，在硬度高于50GPa的薄膜中没有内耗峰。内耗峰随退火温度升高而不断降低，直至600～750℃退火时消失，并且杨氏模量开始增加，这跟样品退火后硬度增长是一致的。结果表明内耗峰来源于样品中界面的弛豫过程。     

烧结β型Ti-Nb合金中由间隙原子引起的Snoek弛豫

用粉末冶金方法制备了不同Nb含量的Ti-Nb合金.用美国TA仪器公司的动力学分析仪Q800以单臂振动模式研究了不同Nb含量和不同热处理以及不同测量参数下的Ti-Nb合金的内耗行为,用X-射线衍射检测了不同样品的微观结构.实验表明,在水淬的和烧结态的Ti-Nb合金的内耗-温度曲线上均发现了弛豫型的内耗峰,这个内耗峰的高度与Nb含量有关,在低Nb含量的Ti-Nb合金样品中不出现,水淬样品内耗峰的最大值出现在Ti-35.4 wt.%Nb (以下称Ti-35.4Nb)的合金中,烧结态样品的内耗峰高度在实验成分范围内单调地随Nb含量而增加.水淬的Ti-35.4Nb合金的弛豫参数分别是激活能H_(wq)=(1.67±0.1) eV和指数前因子τ_(0wq)=1.1×10~(-17±1) s.另外,内耗峰的高度也与热处理有关,水淬的Ti-35.4Nb合金比具有相同成分的烧结态的合金的内耗峰高得多,淬火温度对内耗峰高度也有影响.研究发现,这个内耗峰与Ti-Nb合金中的β相有关,峰高取决于β相的稳定性及其含量,当β相的稳定性降低以及β相的量增加时,峰高增加.水淬Ti-35.4Nb合金中的β相是亚稳状态的β相(β_M),时效时β_M能转变成稳定的α相和稳定β相(β_S),烧结态合金中的β相是β_S.不同热处理状态下Ti-35.4Nb合金样品的微观结构的不同导致了内耗峰高度的差别.从微观结构分析,在淬火的合金中,峰高最大值出现在35 wt.%Nb含量附近的现象是由β相的稳定性和β_M相的量随Nb含量变化引起的.在烧结态的Ti-Nb合金中,峰高单调地随Nb含量的增加而增加的情况是由β_S的量决定的.在循环应力作用下,β_M或β_S相晶格点阵中氧原子的跳动和氧原子与替代原子的相互作用是产生内耗峰的根源.     

纳米复合超硬薄膜中与界面有关的弛豫现象

利用内耗技术研究了TiSiN系列纳米复合超硬薄膜的结构弛豫和硬化机理.当共振频率大约在100 Hz时在230～280 ℃范围内观察到一个弛豫型的内耗峰.计算出激活能为0.7～1.0 eV,弛豫时间指数前因子为10-10～10-12秒.对比一系列样品,发现硬度越高内耗峰越低,在硬度高于50 GPa的薄膜中没有内耗峰.内耗峰随退火温度升高而不断降低,直至600～750 ℃退火时消失, 并且杨氏模量开始增加,这跟样品退火后硬度增长是一致的.结果表明内耗峰来源于样品中界面的弛豫过程.     

Tb0.3Dy0.6Pr0.1(Fe1-xAlx)1.95合金的磁性、磁致伸缩和穆斯堡尔谱研究

系统研究了室温下Tb0.3Dy0.6Pr0.1(Fe1-xAlx)1.95(x=0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2,0.25,0.3)合金中元素Al替代Fe对结构、磁性、磁致伸缩性能和自旋重取向的影响.测量结果发现,x<0.2时Tb0.3Dy0.6Pr0.1(Fe1-xAlx)1.95合金基本上是纯的单相,x=0.2时出现其他杂相,杂相随Al替代量的增加不断增多.随Al替代量x的增加,点阵常数a接近于线性增大,Curie温度TC逐渐下降,而矫顽力Hc急剧下降.振动样品磁强计(VSM)测量发现,磁化强度M随Al替代量x的变化较为复杂.VSM计和磁致伸缩效应测量共同表明,少量Al的替代有利于降低磁晶各向异性,而且随着Al替代量x的增多磁致伸缩系数快速减小,x>0.15时巨磁致伸缩效应消失.穆斯堡尔效应研究发现,随Al含量的增加Tb0.3Dy0.6Pr0.1(Fe1-xAlx)1.95合金中易磁化轴可能在{110}面逐渐偏离了立方晶体的主对称轴,发生自旋重取向,从而引起合金宏观磁性、磁致伸缩性能的变化.     

C(膜)/Si(SiO2)(纳米微粒)/C(膜) 的光致发光性质研究

用直流辉光溅射法结合真空镀膜法制备出了一种“多层三明治结构”的光致发光材料—C(膜 ) /Si(SiO2 ) (纳米微粒 ) /C(膜 )夹层膜 ,然后分别在 40 0、6 5 0和 75 0℃退火 1h .在波长为 2 5 0nm的紫外光激发下 ,刚制备出来未经退火处理的样品具有一个在 398nm (3.12eV)处的紫光宽带PL1峰 .在 6 5 0℃退火后 ,又出现了一个在 36 0nm (3.44eV)附近的PL2 峰 .PL1和PL2 峰形状和峰位与退火温度和激发波长无关 ,但强度却与退火温度和激发波长密切相关 .结合形态结构分析可知 ,紫光PL1峰可用量子限制 -发光中心 (QC LCs)模型进行解释 :即光激发发生在SiO2 微粒内部 ,而光发射源于SiO2 与Si界面上的缺陷中心 .紫外荧光PL2 峰则源自SiC内部的电子 空穴复合发光     

内耗的热力学研究(Ⅱ)——代位合金在有序或无序态的内耗理论

本文是利用热力学线型内耗的理论来计算二元代位合金在各种有序状态时的内耗。首先,求出了在一个均匀应力作用下,样品中所产生的非平衡的有序无序的自由能,文中又介绍了原子对从优取向和短程有序的变化等两种内耗的机构。在这两种情况中,内耗都是正比于(1-S)的一次幂或二次幂的,这里S是长程有序程度。所以一定温度下在完全有序的状态时内耗不出现,而在完全无序状态时内耗最大。理论的结果是和诺维克的AgZn合金无序内耗的数据,以及亚特曼的β-黄铜有序内耗的数据完全符合的。并且还可以明了这些实验所测得的内耗峰是由于原子对从优取向所产生的,不是由于短程有序变化的原因。     

R_2(Fe_(1-x)Al_x)_(14)B的内禀磁性和永磁性能(R=Nd和Y)

本文研究了Al在R_2(Fe_(1-x)Al_x)_(14)B多元合金中的固溶度(R=Nd和Y),当x<0.1时,可形成四方结构。研究了在此类合金中,饱和磁化强度、居里温度、磁晶各向异性等内禀磁性,以及矫顽力和磁能积等永磁性能随Al含量的变化。发现以Al代换Fe时,使铁次点阵的磁晶各向异性出现极值;同时以Al代换Fe时,可使磁体的矫顽力显著提高。以Co和Al同时对Fe进行代换,制造成分约为Nd_(16·5)B_7(Fe_(1-x-y)Al_xCo_y)_(76.5)的磁体,既可提高居里温度,又可提高矫顽力,从而可以改善具有高磁能积磁体的温度性能和减少磁体的总损失。     

Theoretical Study of the Collision-Induced Double Transition CO(2) (nu(3) = 1) + N(2) (nu(1) = 1) <-- CO(2) (nu(3) = 0) + N(2) (nu(1) = 0) at 296 K

A procedure is presented for the calculation of the double vibrational collision-induced absorption CO(2) (nu(3) = 1) + N(2) (nu(1) = 1) <-- CO(2) (nu(3) = 0) + N(2) (nu(1) = 0) on the basis of quantum lineshapes computed using an isotropic potential and dipole-induced dipole functions. The linestrengths and energies of the vibration-rotation transitions are treated explicitly for N(2), utilizing the HITRAN database for CO(2). The theoretical absorption profile is compared to recent experimental results. By narrowing the width of the individual lines contributing to the overall absorption profile relative to their values determined for N(2)-N(2) collision-induced absorption, excellent agreement between theory and experiment is obtained. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

First Observation of the nu(17)-nu(4) Difference Bands of Diborane (10)B(2)H(6) and (11)B(2)H(6)

An analysis of the nu(17)-nu(4) difference bands near 800 cm(-1) of two isotopic species, (10)B(2)H(6) and (11)B(2)H(6), of diborane has been carried out using infrared spectra recorded with a resolution of ca. 0.003 cm(-1). In addition, the nu(17) band of (10)B(2)H(6) has been recorded and assigned. Since this band in (11)B(2)H(6) had already been studied (R. L. Sams, T. A. Blake, S. W. Sharpe, J.-M. Flaud, and W. J. Lafferty, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 191, 331-342 (1998)), it was possible to derive precise energy levels and Hamiltonian constants for the 4(1) vibrational states of both isotopic species. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

The 2(3)Delta(g) State of (7)Li(2)

Using pulsed perturbation-facilitated optical-optical double resonance (PFOODR) spectroscopy, the 2(3)Delta(g) state of (7)Li(2) (electronic configuration (varsigma(g)2s) (4ddelta(g)), effective principal quantum number n* = 4.101) has been observed and assigned. Molecular constants and a RKR potential energy curve were obtained. The major molecular constants are Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

The Perturbation between the G(1)Pi(g) and 2(1)Delta(g) States of (7)Li(2)

We have observed the rotational levels in the v = 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, and 8 vibrational manifolds of the 2(1)Delta(g) state of (7)Li(2) via the A(1)Sigma(+)(u) intermediate levels by DeltaLambda = 2 transitions. This violation of the DeltaLambda = 0, +/-1 selection rule is due to the interaction with the G(1)Pi(g) state. Band-by-band deperturbations of the G(1)Pi(g) approximately 2(1)Delta(g) (v(Pi), v(Delta)) = (11, 2), (12, 3), (15, 5), (16, 6), (18, 7), and (19, 8) bands have been performed. Deperturbed molecular constants and rotational-electronic interaction parameters are reported here. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

Rovibrational Intensities of the (00(0)3) <-- (10(0)0) Dyad Absorption Bands of (12)C(16)O(2)

Absolute line intensities of (12)C(16)O(2) are experimentally measured for the first time for the (00(0)3)(I) <-- (10(0)0)(II) band at 5687.17 cm(-1) and the (00(0)3)(I) <-- (10(0)0)(I) band at 5584.39 cm(-1). The spectra were obtained using a Bomem DA8 Fourier transform spectrometer and a 25-m base-path White cell at NASA-Ames Research Center. The rotationless bandstrengths at a temperature of 296 K and the Herman-Wallis parameters are S(0)(vib) = 6.68(30) x 10(-25) cm(-1)/(molecule/cm(2)); A(1) = 1.4(9) x 10(-4), and A(2) = -1.1(5) x 10(-5) for the (00(0)3)(I) <-- (10(0)0)(II) band and S(0)(vib) = 6.07(22) x 10(-25) cm(-1)/(molecule/cm(2)); A(1) = 5.2(1.5) x 10(-4) and A(2) = -4.0(7) x 10(-5) for the (00(0)3)(I) <-- (10(0)0)(I) band.     

The v(1)+v(3) Bands of the (16)O(17)O(16)O and (16)O(16)O(17)O Isotopomers of Ozone

Using 0.002 cm(-1) resolution Fourier transform absorption spectra of an (17)O enriched ozone sample, an extensive analysis of the v(1)+v(3) bands of the (16)O(17)O(16)O and (16)O(16)O(17)O isotopomers of ozone has been performed for the first time. The experimental rotational levels of the (101) vibrational states were satisfactorily reproduced using a Hamiltonian matrix that takes into account the observed rovibrational resonances. More precisely, for (16)O(17)O(16)O, as for the other C(2v)-type ozone isotopomers, it was necessary to account for the Coriolis type resonances linking the (101) rotational levels with the levels of the (200) and (002) vibrational states and the Darling-Dennison interaction coupling the levels of (200) with those of (002). For the C(s)-type isotopomer, namely (16)O(16)O(17)O, as for (16)O(16)O(18)O and (16)O(18)O(18)O, it proved necessary to also account for an additional DeltaK(a)&equals+/-2 resonance involving the rotational levels from (101) and (002) (J.-M. Flaud and R. Bacis, Spectrochimica Acta Part A 54, 3-16 (1998)). Using a Hamiltonian matrix which takes these resonances explicitly into account, precise vibrational energies and rotational and coupling constants were deduced, leading to the following band centers: v(0)(v(1)+v(3))=2078.3496 cm(-1) for (16)O(17)O(16)O and v(0)(v(1)+v(3))=2098.8631 cm(-1) for (16)O(16)O(17)O. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.     

CO2同位素分子16O12C16O, 16O12C17O, 16O13C17O配分函数研究

本文主要研究了CO2的三种同位素分子16O12C16O , 16O12C17O ,16O13C17O 70 K~6000 K的总内配分函数 (TIPS)。在总内配分函数的计算中, 转动配分函数的计算采用了McDowell的解析式法, 振动配分函数则采用了简谐振动近似(HOA)获得。最后通过将两配分函数乘积近似计算得出TIPS, 并将其70~3000 K的数据和HITRAN04数据进行了比较, 发现所得结果和数据库符合的较好, 且其误差可以近似看成一条直线。并通过对误差的拟合修订了高温区(3000~6000 K)的计算数据, 给出了在高温下的较为准确的TIPS值。     

Torsional Splitting in the nu(5) Fundamental Infrared Band of CH(3)CD(3) and (13)CH(3)CD(3)

The nu(5) fundamental (C-C stretching) of CH(3)CD(3) shows a resolved torsional structure, caused by perturbations due mainly to the linear dependence of the torsional potential barrier on the normal coordinate Q(5). We were able to analyze this structure and to assign vibration-rotation transition wavenumbers for all five torsional components, classified according to the symmetry species of the G(18)((3)) extended molecular group. The torsional splitting pattern is qualitatively similar to that of a nondegenerate vibrational state with an even number of excited torsional quanta v(6). Explorative calculations show that the main perturber system should consist of the torsional components of the vibrational ground state correlating with v(6)=4 in the high barrier limit. The strength of the perturbation on the E(r0) torsional components of nu(5) increases rapidly with r, the E(40) component being the most affected. The observed transition wavenumbers can be reasonably fitted by a simplified model containing independent effective vibration-rotation parameters for the five different torsional components of nu(5), for both CH(3)CD(3) and (13)CH(3)CD(3). The trend of the determined values of the effective vibrational wavenumbers and rotational parameters over the torsional components supports the proposed vibration-torsion interaction mechanism, responsible for the observed torsional splittings. A strong anomaly observed in the rotational intensity distribution of nu(5) is discussed. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.