从个案中谈海上事故安全调查的定位和取向

《海上事故安全调查国际标准和推荐方法规则》已于2010年1月1日生效,该规则与目前我国的水上交通事故调查在理念和操作上有着诸多不同,其中最为根本的区别在于调查的性质和目的不同。文中通过分析一份英国海上事故调查委员会(Marine Accident Investigation Branch)公布的事故调查报告,来对比分析事故安全调查的定位和取向。     

我国海事事故调查制度完善问题研究

海事调查处理制度是以解决海上交通事故发生为目的而产生的。在进行海事调查的工程中,海事行政主管机关要对当事船舶、设施、人员进行调查取证,进而运用所掌握的证据,遵循一定的原则规律找出交通事故原因并最终判定当事人的责任。在海事部门调查工作中,如何收集运用着证据重现事故发生事实并据以认定事故发生原因是整个事故调查工作的集注与核心。我国的海上事故调查工作起步较晚,海事调查处理制度还存有许多不足之处。     

SMS运行检查在海事调查中的重要性

分析具体海事调查案例,提出在海事调查过程中,应从SMS运行和管理方面查找造成事故发生的潜在因素,分析船舶管理和公司管理对事故发生的影响,从根源上寻找事故的真正原因,以避免事故的再次发生。     

英国海事调查分析方法的介绍

受中国海事局的委派,笔者参加了为期6个月的英国海事调查局(MAIB)的交流学习,并参加了克兰菲尔德大学举办的事故调查官的基本培训。系统地学习了事故调查的基本分析方法,并在后来的MAIB交流工作中运用事故分析方法进行事故分析,基本掌握了事故分析方法。笔者希望通过本文同国内的事故调查官进行交流,以达到共同提高的目的。     

浅析海上交通肇事逃逸行为

海上交通肇事逃逸的现象是海事执法面临的一个严峻事实。据统计，2001年至2004年，我国沿海某水域发生37起海事事故，其中，肇事逃逸的就达15起。分析历来多数肇事逃逸案，共同特点是．两当事船受损程度差别显著，二者船型大小悬殊，案发当时附近水域能见度较差，海上、岸基缺少监控。肇事逃逸的直接影响是．事故损害加剧，行政和司法调查困难，社会稳定和行业风气严重受损。     

Risk analysis of maritime accidents along the main route of the Maritime Silk Road: a Bayesian network approach

ABSTRACT

The safety of maritime transportation along the twenty-first century Maritime Silk Road (MSR) is important to ensure its development and sustainability. Maritime transportation poses risks of accidents that can cause the death or injury of crew members and damage to ships and the environment. This paper proposes a Bayesian network (BN) based risk analysis approach that is newly applied in the main route of the MSR to analyse its relevant maritime accidents. The risk data are manually collected from the reports of the accident that occurred along the MSR. Next, the risk factors are identified and the results from the modelling method can provide useful insights for accident prevention. Historical data collected from accident reports are used to estimate the prior probabilities of the identified risk factors influencing the occurrence of maritime accidents. The results show that the main influencing factors are the type and location of an accident and the type, speed, and age of the involved ship(s). In addition, scenario analysis is conducted to analyse the risks of different ships in various navigational environments. The findings can be used to analyse the probability of each possible maritime accident along MSR and to provide useful insights for shipowners’ accident prevention.     

疲劳因素——海上事故的主要原因

分析海上事故发生的主要因素——船员疲劳的成因和危害性，介绍IMO，ILO和其他组织机构对排除船员疲劳因素进行的研究工作和做法，提出我国必须建立一套合乎我国国情的方案和体制建议：（1）合理增加船舶配员；（2）有效安排船员作息时间；（3）合理、高效地进行船检和审核；（4）提高船员船上工作、生活条件；（5）提高对疲劳因素的认识。     

The determinants of maritime policy

The paper is to explore the relation between national economic development and the formulation of maritime policy. It collects and examines data from 30 maritime nations, and shows that maritime policy is determined by economic circumstance rather than the result of rational decision of policy makers. A general solution is produced for an optimum maritime policy under a given economic condition. The general solution can serve as a benchmark for future maritime policy making and research in general.     

The determinants of maritime policy

The paper is to explore the relation between national economic development and the formulation of maritime policy. It collects and examines data from 30 maritime nations, and shows that maritime policy is determined by economic circumstance rather than the result of rational decision of policy makers. A general solution is produced for an optimum maritime policy under a given economic condition. The general solution can serve as a benchmark for future maritime policy making and research in general.     

浅析《事故调查规则》对我国海事调查制度的影响

海难事故调查是促进海上航行安全以及防止或减轻海洋污染的重要手段,为越来越多的国家所关注.<事故调查规则>的强制实施是海事调查新的里程碑.文章介绍了<事故调查规则>的出台背景和主要内容,并分析了其对我国海事调查制度的影响和挑战.     

海事劳工公约(2006)与海事管理

海事劳工公约（2006）的通过对世界航运业将产生深远的影响。文章通过对该公约的特点及结构、内容等方面较系统的介绍．指出海事管理机构应积极行动来迎接即将生效的新公约。     

冬季海上交通事故多发的成因及防范

冬季气候恶劣多变,是海上交通事故的多发季节。从冬季海上交通事故频繁多发的成因入手,以安全管理学的观点进行分析,用系统论的观点,全方位地提出防范措施,以达到全面加强海上交通管理的目的。     

A study of maritime security and piracy

This paper studies the contributing factors of maritime piracy by analyzing previous incidents that have been reported to the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Part of the analysis is to filter those ship types that are particularly vulnerable to piracy attacks. The paper also introduces the guidelines developed by the IMO and the industry envisaging to minimize the risk to ships that are exposed to attacks from pirates. It further describes the initiatives taken to develop a sustainable mechanism in the high-risk area (HRA)¹ to suppress piracy and other maritime crimes. This study reflects the fact that maritime security and piracy issues’ importance has been increasingly recognized in the 40 year history of Maritime Policy & Management.     

浅议海事调查证据与海事诉讼证据

证据是指用于证明某一事物客观存在或某一主张成立的有关事实证明。无论海事调查还是海事诉讼过程中,证据无疑是至关重要的,它是海事部门查明事实的基础,也是海事法院审判的依据。由于海事调查证据与海事诉讼证据都是对事实的证明,因此这两种证据有很多方面是相同的,但由于调查取证的方法、证明的侧重点、法律规定的不同,海事调查证据与海事诉讼证据必然存在不同之处。本文通过对两种证据在各个方面的比较分析,并参照国外海事调查情况,提出海事调查证据与海事诉讼证据的关系。海事部门海事调查的性质和目的我国自建国以来,直到《海上交通安…     

船长责任、素质在海事预防中的意义

对船舶海事的发生及其原因和强化船长责任、提高船长素质在海事预防中的重要意义，进行了研究分析和论证。     

海事案例分析：海上货物运输合同违约纠纷

1 案情简介 2007年4月29日，江苏A毛针织品进出口有限公司（以下简称“A公司”）传真托运书至DH公司，要求办理15m^3的毛纱线出运事宜。开航日期为2007年5月2日，起运港为上海，目的港为香港。托运书同时列明了托运人、收货人、通知人和唛头等事项。同日，上海B国际物流有限公司（以下简称“B公司”）以承运人身份接受DH公司订舱并传真进仓通知书至DH公司，     

灰色关联在事故原因分析中的新应用

摒弃了以往对每起事故只考虑一个致因因素的做法,综合考虑影响事故发生的所有致因因素。以山东海域近5年发生的渔商船碰撞事故为例,运用灰色关联分析法确定主要致因因素,然后与实际情况相结合,确定该类事故多发的主要原因,并提出合理化建议。     

Assessing financial impact of maritime ergonomics on company level: a case study

The present paper reports a case study examining a conceptual framework for assessing financial impact of occupational maritime ergonomics in a Swedish shipping company. Specifically, the aim was to study the availability and applicability of suggested determinants for operational performance, routines for estimating the effects of ergonomics and the customer’s (sea transport buyer’s) demands for ergonomics management on the case company. The results show that the determinants and subcategories for operational performance in terms of productivity, efficiency and quality are present and applicable, albeit not measured to any large extent. No routines or specific methods for measuring or estimating cost and effects of ergonomics investments, accidents and operational disturbances were found. Further, the results show that the sea transport buyers increasingly express interest for and place demands related to maritime ergonomics, for instance, through compliance of specific standards and guiding principles linked to maritime ergonomics. It is concluded that in order to support and enable managers’ ability to make well-informed decisions and prioritizations, between investments, ergonomic or other, increased knowledge is needed of the financial effects of ergonomics on company core value processes. There is also a need to develop and implement usable tools to simplify these measuring procedures.     

海上交通肇事逃逸原因及法律问题探讨

通过对海上交通肇事逃逸的分析,从法律、法规层面探讨对肇事逃逸行为惩处的方法,并对目前法律、法规中存在的问题提出相关的建议。