共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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为达到全球经济可持续发展的目标 ,世界各国都在加快污染防治步伐。近年来 ,绿色化学日益受到各界关注 ,也取得了长足进步。 2 0 0 2年 9月南非约翰内斯堡全球可持续发展峰会后 ,产业界特别是化学工业界 ,要求以绿色化学为准则进行改革的呼声越来越高。绿色化学也称可持续发展化学 ,十年前由美国环保局 (EPA)正式提出。当时绿色化学的目标是通过改进工艺过程 ,而不是控制排放和废料 (即末端处理 )的方法来防治污染。绿色化学的基础原则是让化学家和化学工程师通过对基础化学理论的研究 ,利用高新技术、生物技术和纳米技术来设计化学品和化… 相似文献
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绿色化学的研究进展及前景 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
随着科技的迅猛发展,越来越多的环境问题逐渐凸现出来,因此,绿色化学受到越来越多地关注.本文分别从绿色化学的定义、研究进展及其前景等方面对绿色化学进行了阐述,重点论述了实现绿色化学的方法和途径. 相似文献
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绿色化学的应用及发展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
绿色化学关注在现今科技手段和条件下能降低对人类健康和环境有负面影响的各个方面和各种类型的化学过程。绿色化学体现了化学科学、技术与社会的相互联系和相互作用.是化学科学高度发展以及社会对化学科学发展的作用的产物,对化学本身而言是一个新阶段的到来. 相似文献
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高校化学实验绿色化探讨 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
随着人们环保意识的增强,化学实验对环境的污染问题越来越引起了人们的重视,绿色化学实验成为化学工作者关注的热点。文章介绍了绿色化学的概念和内涵,提出在化学实验教学中渗透绿色化学理念,选择绿色化的实验内容,将常量实验改为微型及半微型实验,引入多媒体和现代实验新技术手段,探讨实现高校化学实验绿色化目标的方式方法。 相似文献
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环境污染是目前全球普遍关注的问题。绿色化学的产生,改变了人们旧有的改善环境的思想。从绿色化学最原始污染的预防上对消除污染更有效的观点展开讨论,认为绿色化学才是消除污染最有效的方法。 相似文献
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Anthony J. O'Lenick Jr. 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2001,4(3):311-315
Although the chemistry named after Marcel Guerbet was developed over 100 yr ago, Guerbet alcohols, Guerbet acids, and derivatives
based upon them remain a topic of continued interest because of their (i) unique branching pattern, both in terms of size
of the branch group and purity of the compounds, (ii) oxidative stability, and (iii) liquidity of the products. This review
article is offered to demonstrate the diversity of chemistry possible using these materials and the large variety of applications
for which these compounds are useful. 相似文献
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Biophysical chemistry at the Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, covers the NMR analysis of protein-protein interaction using paramagnetic tags and sophisticated microscopy techniques investigating the dynamics of biological matter. 相似文献
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Free radicals are important species in atmospheric chemistry, combustion, plasma environments, interstellar clouds, and biochemistry. Therefore, researchers would like to understand the formation mechanism, structure, stability, reactivity, spectroscopy, and dynamics of these chemical species. However, due to the presence of one or more unpaired electrons, radicals are often very reactive and have short lifetimes, which makes it difficult to conduct experiments. The HOCO radical appears in the atmosphere as well as in combustion environments and plays an important role in the conversion of CO to CO(2). Through the interplay between theoretical and experimental investigations, researchers have only recently understood the chemical role of the HOCO radical. In this Account, we systematically describe the current state of knowledge of the HOCO radical based on recent theoretical and experimental studies. This radical's two stable conformers, trans- and cis-HOCO, have been identified by high-level ab initio calculations and experimental spectroscopy. trans-HOCO is more stable by approximately 1.8 kcal/mol. The heat of formation of HOCO (298 K) was determined to be -43.0 ± 0.5 kcal/mol, giving a potential well depth of 30.1 ± 0.5 kcal/mol relative to the asymptote of the reactants OH + CO. The HOCO radical is very reactive. In most reactions between the HOCO radical and atoms, the HOCO radical acts as a hydrogen donor to reaction partners. Generally, the hydrogen is transferred through the formation of an association intermediate, which then proceeds through a molecular elimination step to produce the reaction products. The reaction rates of HOCO with some small radicals fall in the range of 10(-11)-10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). These results clearly illustrate important features in the reactivity of the HOCO radical with other molecules. 相似文献
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