捷联式航空重力矢量测量低频误差机理和修正

捷联式航空重力仪除了可以实现对重力标量的测量,还可以测量重力的矢量信息。但是在捷联式航空重力仪测量得到的水平分量中存在较大的低频误差。从理论上分析了捷联式航空重力仪水平分量中低频误差的产生机理,并利用地球重力场模型计算值来代替存在误差的低频部分。试验结果表明,在测量空间分辨率4.8 km的条件下,捷联式航空重力仪测量得到的重复测线北向分量的均方差由16.95 mGal改进为2.53 mGal,东向分量的均方差由5.43 mGal改进为2.99 mGal。     

平台式重力仪测量数据的卡尔曼滤波处理

根据三轴惯性平台海空重力仪的特点,在重力测量数据处理中,把重力异常作为状态量,建立了扩展卡尔曼滤波状态方程和观测方程,并阐述了三轴惯性平台海空重力仪重力测量数据处理步骤。依据给出的卡尔曼滤波方程,应用平滑卡尔曼滤波方法,对三轴惯性平台海空重力仪的海洋重力测量数据进行了处理。海空重力仪测量结果为:南北重复测线内符合精度为0.2 mGal,东西重复测线内符合精度为0.4 mGal,空间分辨率为650 m。     

水下重力辅助导航实时水平加速度改正方法

为了消除水平加速度引起的重力测量误差,为重力辅助导航系统提供准确的实时重力信息,在分析水平加速度改正原理的基础上,根据平台坐标系与方位捷联地平坐标系之间的关系,得出了水平加速度改正的计算公式;基于陀螺稳定平台的误差方程,设计了用于估计平台水平误差的自适应卡尔曼滤波器,并提出了采用平台加速度计测量值推算载体水平加速度的方法.平台误差估计及水平加速度改正的仿真结果表明,采用自适应卡尔曼滤波估计平台水平误差,以及用平台加速度计测量值推算载体水平加速度的方法能实现在线水平加速度改正,并能够满足较高的精度要求.     

考虑时滞的主动悬架系统控制策略对比研究全文替换

本文以二自由度四分之一汽车悬架系统为研究对象,采用不同控制策略对考虑时滞的悬架系统控制特性进行研究,并对控制效果进行对比分析．首先,采用第二类拉氏方程建立考虑时滞的二自由度悬架控制系统的动力学模型;然后分别基于状态变换法和H_∞控制理论,设计系统的时滞反馈控制律．其中状态变换法主要通过系统状态变量的转换,将系统时滞控制方程转换成不显含时滞的动力学方程,然后采用传统的二次型最优控制方法对系统进行控制．H_∞控制主要通过使用Lyapunov-Krasovskii泛函和自由权矩阵法,设计考虑时滞的H_∞控制律;最后在Matlab/Simulink平台上对控制系统进行仿真分析,并在相同时滞下对两种控制结果进行对比．研究表明,两种控制策略在考虑时滞的情况下均可保证系统的稳定性,且H_∞控制相比于状态变换法有更好的控制效果．     

高精度海洋重力测量中厄特弗斯改正误差分析

为有效减小厄特弗斯改正的误差,提高重力异常测量值的精度,在分析厄特弗斯改正计算模型的基础上,就载体的速度误差、航向误差及纬度误差对厄特弗斯改正误差的影响进行了仿真分析.在误差分析时,首先对厄特弗斯改正模型求取各变量的偏导,从而得到各变量与厄特弗斯修正误差之间的关系,并以此为基础采用三维视图和数字计算相结合的方法给出了具体的分析结果.仿真结果表明,速度误差是厄特弗斯改正误差的最大影响因素.在某一确定测量误差要求下,速度误差的精度要求随载体所处纬度和航向角的变化而变化;在φ:0°,A=90.时,要保证厄特弗斯改正误差小于0.1 mGal,载体速度测量误差需小于0.013m/s.     

海洋重力测量误差补偿技术

海洋重力场信息在勘探矿源和导航定位等方面都具有重要意义.进行海洋重力实时测量时,重力仪会受到各种外界扰动力的影响,再加上重力敏感器本身稳定性和惯性平台系统性能影响,重力敏感器的输出需要进行一系列数据处理和补偿后才能得到当地重力异常值,研究了重力敏感器安装角误差标定、零位漂移估计和格值修正等重力数据预处理方法.分析了海洋重力测量数据处理流程,主要包括零点漂移补偿、水平加速度误差补偿、厄特弗斯效应修正、高度修正和噪声滤波处理等.对每个数据处理过程都提出了具体补偿算法,并分析了补偿后的重力测量误差,将以上重力数据处理方法应用到实际重力测量,结果表明重力仪能够准确测量出当地重力值,其精度为1 mGa1.     

间接稳定平台误差补偿

－本文为一类以惯性导航系统为水平基准的导航设备提供一种补偿由于间接稳定平台失调引起的测量误差的方法。这类导航设备有如星光导航系统或者建立在复示平台上的准几何式静电陀螺监控系统。补偿方法将通过装在复示平台上的水平加速度计与基准惯性平台上的水平加速度计输出之差值求取复示平台的水平失调角，并以此为依据修正基于复示平台的导航设备对有关角度的测量值。     

空间稳定平台通用误差模型

自由转子陀螺是一种二自由度机电陀螺,其漂移特性可应用二次型漂移误差模型描述。从二次型漂移误差模型出发,推导了壳体翻滚条件下的调制平均漂移误差模型,并推广到空间稳定平台上工作的极轴陀螺和赤道陀螺;列写了二次型陀螺漂移误差模型驱动下的空间稳定平台标称运动方程;经过扰动线性化,求解出平台标称运动轨迹增量坐标的解析表达式;基于扰动线性化模型并考虑到加速度计测量误差,证明了观测变量为纬度误差、经度误差及冗余轴转角误差时,空间稳定平台运动方程的17项误差系数都是可辨识的;分析了该17项误差系数的估计精度与加速度计组合件测量误差的关系。仿真和实验结果表明本文提出的通用误差模型是有效的。     

船用惯性导航系统姿态测量误差辨识及其补偿方法研究

本文分析了某型号船用惯性导航系统（ＳＩＮＳ）的试验数据，结果表明，ＳＩＮＳ的姿态误差主要来源于水平测姿传感器。据此，本文对该ＳＩＮＳ水平姿态测量误差的辨识及其补偿方法进行了研究，并建立了水平测姿误差的回归数学模型，以提高ＳＩＮＳ姿态精度     

航空重力与重力梯度测量对惯性稳定平台的需求分析

从航空重力与重力梯度测量原理出发,先后导出航空重力与重力梯度测量的观测方程和测量误差方程,然后依据地球重力场特征和功率谱的相关理论,结合航空重力与重力梯度测量中的GPS定位、惯性稳定平台的指向和稳定性、加速度计和梯度仪的误差模型,分析了航空重力与重力梯度测量对稳定平台的需求,在此基础上以航空重力测量中国外常用的双水獭(Twin-Otter)固定翼飞机的实际飞行参数为例,通过数值计算给出了航空重力测量分辨率达到1 mGal时,对惯性稳定平台的角度指向精度、稳定性和随机漂移的要求分别为0.0005°、0.006°/h/Hz和0.0003°/h;航空重力梯度测量分辨率1 E时,对稳定平台对应的指标要求分别降低为0.5°、0.01°/hr/Hz和0.01°/hr。     

应用浮动冲击平台考核舰载设备响应分析

为研究安装甲板模拟器的浮动冲击平台系统考核舰载设备的机理,对整个系统建立有限元模型进行数值模拟并建立力学模型进行了理论分析。根据船体甲板结构产生的垂向低通滤波特性,提出甲板模拟器具有减缓高频冲击并满足设备安装频率要求的作用。将被试设备的浮动冲击平台考核系统简化为有阻尼的三自由度系统强迫振动模型,通过拉普拉斯变换方法求解了不同冲击环境下被试设备的响应。数值模拟与理论计算结果比较吻合,被试设备响应迅速达到峰值后逐渐衰减,振动频率由高频向低频过渡,在分析浮动冲击平台舰载设备考核系统长时间响应时需考虑阻尼的影响。     

A Numerical Method for Wave Propagation in Viscoelastic Stratified Porous Media

This paper presents a numerical method, a transmission matrix method, for the wave propagation in viscoelastic stratified saturated porous media. The wave propagation in saturated media, based on Biot theory, is a coupled problem. In this stratified three-dimensional model we do the Laplace transform for the time variable and the Fourier transform for the horizontal space coordinate. The original problem is transformed into ordinary differential equations with six independent unknown variables, which are only the function of the coordinate of depth. Thus, we get a transmission matrix of the wave problem for each layer. In the process of solution we use numerical method to calculate the eigenvalues and the eigenvectors of the transmission matrices. In the first step of the solution process we can obtain the wave field in the transformed space. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) method is used to do the inverse Laplace and the inverse Fourier transforms to get the solution in the time space. The detailed formulae are derived and some numerical examples are given.     

Exact solution for the unsteady flow of a semi-infinite micropolar fluid

The unsteady motion of an incompressible micropolar fluid filling a half-space bounded by a horizontal infinite plate that started to move suddenly is considered. Laplace transform techniques are used. The solution in the Laplace transform domain is obtained by using a direct approach. The inverse Laplace transforms are obtained in an exact manner using the complex inversion formula of the transform together with contour integration techniques. The solution in the case of classical viscous fluids is recovered as a special case of this work when the micropolarity coecient is assumed to be zero. Numerical computations are carried out and represented graphically.     

Pressure Transient Analysis for Multi-stage Fractured Horizontal Wells in Shale Gas Reservoirs

This article presents the PTA on the multi-stage fractured horizontal well in shale gas reservoirs incorporating desorption and diffusive flow in the matrix. Currently, most PTA models are simply based on Darcy flow both in natural fractures and matrix without considering the mechanisms of desorption and diffusion in shale matrix. Source function and Laplace transform with the numerical discrete method are employed to solve the mathematical model. The solution is presented in the Laplace domain so that the wellbore storage effect and skin factor can be easily incorporated by convolution. Type curves are plotted with Stehfest algorithm and different flow regimes are identified. The presented model could be used to interpret pressure signals more accurately for shale gas reservoirs.     

An exact solution for flow past an accelerated horizontal plate in a rotating fluid with the generalized Oldroyd-B model

In this paper, the generalized Oldroyd-B with fractional calculus approach is used. An exact solution in terms of Fox-H function for flow past an accelerated horizontal plate in a rotating fluid is obtained by using discrete Laplace transform method. A comparison among the influence of various parameters in the Oldroyd-B model and the angular velocity of the fluid on the velocity profiles is made through numerical method in graphic form.     

速率方位惯性平台/GPS/计程仪组合导航系统仿真研究

根据科学发展和高精度导航的要求，提出了一个由GPS接收机、速率方位惯性平台和重力敏感器构成的精确重力测量组合导航系统，给出了该组合系统在速率方位地平坐标系下的误差方程和Kalman滤波方法以及计算机仿真结果。数字仿真表明：由中等精度的陀螺仪和加速度计以及GPS组成的组合导航系统平台水平误差角小，定位精度高，能够满足重力测量和导航要求。     

A new σ‐transform based Fourier‐Legendre‐Galerkin model for nonlinear water waves

This paper presents a new spectral model for solving the fully nonlinear potential flow problem for water waves in a single horizontal dimension. At the heart of the numerical method is the solution to the Laplace equation which is solved using a variant of the $\sigma$‐transform. The method discretizes the spatial part of the governing equations using the Galerkin method and the temporal part using the classical fourth‐order Runge‐Kutta method. A careful investigation of the numerical method's stability properties is carried out, and it is shown that the method is stable up to a certain threshold steepness when applied to nonlinear monochromatic waves in deep water. Above this threshold artificial damping may be employed to obtain stable solutions. The accuracy of the model is tested for: (i) highly nonlinear progressive wave trains, (ii) solitary wave reflection, and (iii) deep water wave focusing events. In all cases it is demonstrated that the model is capable of obtaining excellent results, essentially up to very near breaking.     

基于大失准角时变参数罗经初始对准算法

为了解决大失准角条件下的捷联惯导初始自对准问题,通过分析捷联惯导系统大失准角误差模型,利用平台惯导系统罗经对准原理,提出了一种新的捷联惯导系统罗经对准方案。该方案的具体实现划分为三个阶段:方位角未知情况下的水平对准;大失准角时变参数罗经方位对准;定参数罗经对准。该方案通过实时调节罗经参数缩短了对准时间;利用大方位失准角模型代替小失准角模型,在算法收敛阶段更加准确地描述了捷联惯导系统的误差传递方式。仿真试验表明,使用陀螺随机漂移稳定性为0.01(°)/h的捷联惯导系统,该对准方案能在60 s内方位精度到达1°,并能在对准结束时达到3’的方位对准精度。     

The Flow Analysis of Viscoelastic Fluid with Fractional Order Derivative in Horizontal Well

The fractional calculus approach is introduced into the seepage mechanics. A three-dimensional relaxation model of viscoelastic fluid is built. The models based on four boundary conditions of exact solution in Laplace space for some unsteady flows in an infinite reservoir is obtained by using the Laplace transform and Fourier sine and cosine integral transform. The pressure transient behavior of non-Newtonian viscoelastic fluid is studied by using Stehfest method of the numerical Laplace transform inversion and Gauss–Laguerre numerical integral formulae. The viscoelastic fluid is very sensitive to the order of the fractional derivative. The change rules of pressure are discussed when the parameters of the models change. The plots of type pressure curves are given, and the results can be provided to theoretical basis and well-test method for oil field.