中国深层土壤锰地球化学异常空间分布及找矿远景区预测

锰矿是中国大宗紧缺战略性矿产, 在现代工业中具有广泛用途。近年来锰资源的战略地位急剧提升, 锰资源勘查也日益受到重视。确定Mn元素在中国的浓度和分布对寻找新的锰矿床和缓解锰资源短缺至关重要。依托中国地球化学基准计划采集3392个汇水域沉积物样品数据, 首次提供了中国深层土壤Mn地球化学背景和异常空间分布数据。全国汇水域沉积物深层样品Mn的平均含量为610 mg/kg, 背景值为574 mg/kg。依据全国汇水域沉积物深层样品地球化学数据, 以85%累积频率为异常下限, 共圈定出31个Mn地球化学异常, 归为15个地球化学省。根据Mn异常空间分布, 结合地质背景和矿床分布, 提出8处异常具有进一步寻找锰矿的远景区。     

福建泉州湾近岸海域沉积物重金属来源分析与生态风险评价

【研究目的】 受重金属含量影响,泉州湾表层沉积物环境质量面临巨大生态风险,然而重金属含量影响因素及潜在来源研究相对薄弱。【研究方法】 通过采集泉州湾近岸海域表层沉积物样品,以元素含量及粒度分析归纳出重金属分布特征、富集程度为基础,使用Hakanson生态风险指数法识别湾内沉积物潜在生态风险程度,并进一步通过正定矩阵因子分解法及主成分分析,定量分析不同重金属主要来源。【研究结果】 在晋江与洛阳江交汇处出现沉积物粒度低值区,易于重金属富集,表层沉积物重金属富集程度为Hg>As>Cd>Pb>Zn>Cu>Cr>Ni。湾内沉积物整体处于中度生态风险状态,Cd对生态风险贡献程度最高（37.90%）,其次为Hg（29.38%）。Cr与Ni主要源于母岩风化,Cu与Zn、Pb受母岩风化影响及矿山冶炼的共同影响,Cd与As分别主要源自近岸污水排放与燃料燃烧,而Hg的来源较为复杂。研究区表层重金属主要来源依次为矿山冶炼、母岩风化、污水排放以及燃料燃烧,贡献率依次为33.95%,31.16%,22.26%与12.21%。【结论】 陆域物质随地表径流的输送对泉州湾表层沉积物生态环境质量造成了巨大风险,未来需要特别加强对不同介质中Hg的归趋及环境行为研究。     

福建沿海地区表层土壤矿物分布特征及地质和环境意义

对福建沿海地区表层土壤矿物组分、含量、组合以及分布特征进行了分析研究。结果表明,不同地质背景形成的土壤其重矿物组成具有复杂性、一致性和差异性;不同的土壤类型其矿物组合可以较好地反映土壤与成土母岩的内在成因关系;不同沉积环境下形成的土壤矿物组成受外力影响具有一定的分选性;平原区土壤中汞、砷等元素的区域性高异常则与土壤中辰砂、雄黄矿物存在有关。     

地质调查支撑服务福建生态文明试验区理论与方法探索

为探索地质调查支援服务生态文明建设的理论与方法,为新时代地质工作转型升级提供经验,中国地质调查局组织实施了“福建生态文明试验区综合地质调查工程”。通过省、市、县、流域等不同层级综合地质调查及专题评价试点,取得了一些理论方法及技术应用成果：①揭示了我国典型红壤区地质要素对水土流失的控制作用,总结了不同岩性控制区水土流失地质成因规律。②针对不同类型的海岸带侵蚀与淤积成因要素,提出海陆统筹生态健康评价方法。③以森林生态系统、湿地生态系统、农田生态系统为单元,分析小流域山水林田湖水土流失风险要素,提出水土流失重点区流域生态风险评价方法。④从地球系统出发,突出岩石与土壤圈资源环境特征,提出地质调查支撑国土空间适宜性评价的方法与途径。⑤从“地表基质调查既是自然资源的基础物质调查,又是为自然资源质量、生态评价提供参数的调查”观点出发,形成了地表基质综合分类和调查技术方法体系。以上认识可为生态保护与系统修复、国土空间规划和用途管制、自然资源管理提供科技支撑。     

滇东典型煤矿区土壤重金属生态风险及来源解析

【研究目的】研究区地处滇东重要煤炭和农业产区,弄清煤矿区土壤重金属空间分布特征、潜在生态风险和污染来源,对煤矿区生态环境保护治理和确保农业安全具有重要现实意义。【研究方法】基于网格布点法于2021年6月在典型煤矿区采集土壤样品497件,分析了土壤pH、SOM、As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn,运用污染负荷指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对重金属污染状况和潜在生态风险进行评价,通过主成分分析和正定矩阵因子分析（PMF）模型分析了重金属潜在来源。【研究结果】土壤pH平均值为5.39,以酸性为主,SOM含量平均值是云南省土壤背景值的1.20倍,Cr、Cu、Cd、Ni、Zn和Hg含量平均值和中位数均超过云南省土壤背景值,绝大部分采样点Cd、Cu、Cr、Ni含量超过风险筛选值,分别占94.97%、93.96%、91.35%、79.28%,少部分采样点As、Cd含量超过管制值,分别占0.20%、1.41%。污染负荷指数法评价结果显示,研究区整体呈现轻微污染。潜在生态风险指数法评价结果显示,研究区整体呈现中等风险。主成分分析和PMF模型解析结果显示,研究区土壤重金属主要来源于地质背景,其次为...     

鄂尔多斯盆地北部纳岭沟铀矿直罗组含铀岩系蚀源区识别

【研究目的】纳岭沟铀矿是鄂尔多斯盆地北部最重要铀矿床之一,识别其含铀岩系物源区对于深化成矿作用和找矿预测具有实际意义。【研究方法】笔者通过岩石学、重矿物学、地球化学和沉积相分析等方法,识别了纳岭沟铀矿床中侏罗统直罗组含铀岩系的蚀源区。【研究结果】含铀岩系岩石类型主要为中粗长石砂岩,碎屑成分有长石、石英、黑云母和花岗岩岩屑、变质岩岩屑等,分选中等至差;碎屑多呈棱角状、次棱角状,少数为次滚圆状,磨圆度差至中等。重矿物分布极不均匀,呈棱角状、次棱角状、次滚圆状,磨圆度差至中等;ZTR(锆石+电气石+金红石)指数2%～10%。电气石、尖晶石、锐钛矿、角闪石、碳硅石等呈集簇状分布;碎屑锆石延长系数主要为1～2.2,其次2.2～3.2。稀土元素球粒陨石配分曲线形态相似,ΣREE值104.75×10^-6～283.86×10^-6,LREE/HREE值0.13～0.47,La/Yb值9.60～32.66,元素含量变化幅度大。纳岭沟地区含铀岩系砾质、砂质辫状河沉积相由矿区北东方向至南西方向延展,与高厚度砂体、高含砂率砂体分布规律一致。【结论】纳岭沟铀矿直罗组含铀...     

Characteristics and sources of microplastic pollution in the water and sediments of the Jinjiang River Basin,Fujian Province,China

Microplastic pollution is widely distributed from surface water to sediments to groundwater vertically and from land to the ocean horizontally. This study collected samples from surface water, groundwater, and sediments from upper to lower reaches and then to the estuary in 16 typical areas in the Jinjiang River Basin, Fujian Province, China. Afterward, it determined the components and abundance of the microplastics and analyzed the possible microplastic sources through principal component analysis (PCA). As a result, seven main components of microplastics were detected, i.e., polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyformaldehyde (POM), nylon 6 (PA6), and polystyrene (PS). Among them, PE and PP were found to have the highest proportion in the surface water and sediments and in the groundwater, respectively. The surface water, groundwater, and sediments had average microplastic abundance of 1.6 n/L, 2.7 n/L and 33.8 n/kg, respectively. The microplastics in the sediments had the largest particle size, while those in the groundwater had the smallest particle size. Compared with water bodies and sediments in other areas, those in the study area generally have medium-low-level microplastic abundance. Three pollution sources were determined according to PCA, i.e., the dominant agriculture-forestry-fishery source, domestic wastewater, and industrial production. This study can provide a scientific basis for the control of microplastics in rivers.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office.     

福建晋江中-基性岩墙群的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年和岩石地球化学

福建晋江晚中生代中-基性岩墙群可分为两期:早期岩墙群,岩性为角闪辉绿岩,近东西走向(N70-85E),锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为90±2Ma;晚期岩墙群,岩性为微晶闪长岩,北东走向(N35～50E),锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为87±2Ma。两期岩墙群沿晚中生代花岗片麻岩的节理侵入。在地球化学上,它们具有轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素富集、高场强元素亏损等特点,I_(Sr)=0．7045～0．7053,ε_(Nd)(t)=-1．18～-1．97,与金门、小金门岛的镁铁质岩墙群相似,也和闽东南晚中生代基性火成岩(辉长岩、玄武岩)的一致。它们是起源于受消减作用影响的岩石圈地幔部分熔融而产生的玄武岩浆,经岩浆分异作用,在拉张的构造环境中侵入形成。     

Chemistry and source identification of wet precipitation in a rural watershed of subtropical China

South China is one of the regions severely suffering from acid rain in the world.However,few systematic studies of rural precipitation chemistry have been performed in comparison with the extensive studies on their urban counterparts of this region.In order to characterize the current acid rain status and identify its possible sources in the rural area of South China,we analyzed precipitation collected event by event from a rural forested watershed in southern Anhui Province between March 2007 and February 2010.The results showed that the concentrations of major ions within precipitation in the studied rural area were significantly lower than those reported for the urban areas of the same latitude in China.Nevertheless,the precipitation acidity(with an average pH value of 4.49) and the frequency of acid rain(95%) were considerably high.The relatively high ratio of(SO42+ NO 3)/(Ca2+ +NH4+) was the main cause of acid rain in this rural area,as SO 2 and NO x were the main precursors of acid rain,while Ca2+ and NH4+acted as the dominant neutralizers to the acidity.Source identification indicated that Ca2+ and Mg2+ mainly were derived from alkaline dust,SO42,NO 3 and NH4+originated mainly from anthropogenic sources such as industrial and agricultural activities,most Na +,Cl,K + and some of Mg2+ were derived from the sea.The results suggested that the major ions within precipitation in the rural area of South China were related to the meso-scale and long-range transport of particles and aerosols in the air.     

Non-point source pollution of Wujiang River watershed in Guizhou Province, SW China

The amount of pollution from non-point sources flowing in the streams of the Wujiang River watershed in Guizhou Province, SW China, is estimated by a GIS-based method using rainfall, surface runoff and land use data. A grid of cells, 100 m in size, is laid over the landscape. For each cell, mean annual surface runoff is estimated from rainfall and percent land use, and expected pollutant concentration is estimated from land use. The product of surface runoff and concentration gives expected pollutant loading from that cell. These loadings are accumulated going downstream to give expected annual pollutant loadings in streams and rivers. By dividing these accumulated loadings by the similarly accumulated mean annual surface runoff, the expected pollutant concentration from non-point sources is determined for each location in a stream or river. Observed pollutant concentrations in the watershed are averaged at each sample point and compared to the expected concentrations at the same locations determined from the grid cell model. In general, annual non-point source nutrient loadings in the Wujiang River watershed are seen to be predominantly from the agricultural and meadow areas.     

福建省矿山地质环境现状及发展趋势分析

近年来,矿山地质环境问题受到越来越多地质环境工作者的关注,开展矿山地质环境监测,摸清矿山地质环境现状是我国矿山地质环境管理工作的迫切需要。本文通过对矿山地质环境调查与"2009年度福建省矿山地质环境动态监测报表"的统计分析,阐述了福建省矿山存在的主要地质环境现状特征,总结了福建省矿山地质环境治理恢复的措施与成效,对福建省矿山地质环境发展趋势进行了预测,本文并不认同福建省矿山地质环境问题日益严重的思维定势,认为福建省矿山地质环境问题将进入平稳发展阶段,但将在福建经济的高速发展阶段长期存在,局部矿区地质环境问题仍将呈增长趋势。为福建省矿山地质环境保护与整治提供了背景资料。     

云南省开远地区中三叠统法郎组地层特征及锰矿成因

云南开远地区中三叠统法郎组是区内唯一的含锰地层,含锰层主要位于法郎组一段和二段粉砂质泥岩内,主体呈北东走向,与地层产状一致,局部受构造运动影响发生变化,锰矿地质特征可与斗南锰矿进行对比。通过对区内法郎组地层、岩相古地理及锰矿成矿地质特征进行研究,初步总结了锰矿成因,认为区内锰矿受地层、构造、古地理环境及锰质来源等控制。锰质主要来源于海盆周围的古陆及火山活动,构造控制古地理环境,环境控制锰矿的形成与分布。     

福建沿海及海域地质灾害与防治

主要针对福建沿海与海域的海平面变化、海湾淤积、活动断层、海岸侵蚀与海域内潜在的地质灾害及其危害性进行讨论 ,并对其危害提出防治建议。     

福建沿海地区土壤元素含量特征与地质背景研究

根据福建沿海深层土壤元素含量的统计分析,表明9大类地质体为背景的土壤元素含量存在差异,与均值对比Ag、Au、Sn、Co、Cu的含量受地质背景影响较小,B、Cr、Ni、Li、As、Sb、Hg、Mo、Bi、Cd、Br、C1、S、CaO、I、Na2O含量则影响明显。     

贵州从江-黎平地区锰矿地质特征及找矿潜力分析

贵州从江-黎平地区锰矿产于南华系大塘坡组第一段黑色岩系中。通过对从江-黎平地区开展地质调查工作,查明该区含锰岩系分布于朝里向斜及寨柳向斜,区内两个已知矿床八当锰矿和高增锰矿即位于朝里向斜。文章系统阐述了从江-黎平地区锰矿成矿地质背景、含锰岩系特征、锰矿床地质特征,对该区南华纪大塘坡期锰矿成因进行了探讨研究,并总结了区内锰矿成矿规律,在此基础上,结合野外地质调查成果,对该区锰矿找矿潜力进行了分析,认为朝里向斜南部具一定找矿潜力。