铝台阶/氟化锂激光压缩复合靶的制备与测量

本文主要介绍用于激光加载材料非冲击压缩实验研究中的铝台阶/氟化锂复合靶的制备与相关参数的测量。铝台阶/氟化锂复合靶主要通过光学抛光减薄、离子束刻蚀台阶、表面减反膜制备、铝薄膜的精密轧制以及薄膜精密装配等加工技术与工艺流程制备。制备的铝台阶/氟化锂复合靶基本满足物理实验要求,获得了较好的实验结果。     

基于天光一号装置的激光直接驱动准等熵压缩研究

采用一种新型的激光驱动准等熵压缩方式,利用KrF准分子激光长脉宽的特点,在不经过脉冲整形的情况下在带窗口铝靶上实现了激光直接驱动准等熵压缩。实验前,对激光光束和靶结构进行了匹配设计。激光打靶获得的峰值压力为16.8 GPa,压力上升前沿约为17.0 ns,与辐射流体力学数值模拟结果一致,验证了实验方法的可行性和天光一号装置的稳定性和可重复性。通过分析受辐照后靶的损伤形貌与结构特征,发现受辐照区域铝膜完全气化,在辐照区域边缘形成溅射堆积状。辐照前后材料组织结构稳定,在高温高压作用下未形成新物质。最后,基于一维辐射流体力学模拟程序研究了不同激光功率密度对准等熵压缩加载过程影响规律,并采用热力学定律计算了其熵增,获得了其变化规律。     

激光准等熵压缩实验中阻抗梯度飞片的制备技术简介

阻抗梯度飞片是实现准等熵压缩加载实验的关键元件。本文从材料选择与设计思路出发,重点介绍了3类阻抗梯度多孔材料飞片的发展思路与制备方法。其中,梯度气凝胶以其纳米尺度均匀性、密度和厚度的连续可调能力等优点成为极具发展潜力的飞片材料。最后,本文针对梯度气凝胶阻抗测试和梯度不连续化问题进行了展望。提出了精确测试密度和声速的思路,并设计了梯度溶胶共凝胶法、扩散腐蚀法和界面扩散法3种可能获得连续梯度的方法。阻抗梯度多孔材料飞片的发展将进一步延长加载时间、提高能量利用效率,有望最终获得更高的加载压力。     

X光背光源用TiO_2/SiO_2二元复合气凝胶泡沫疏松靶的研制

本文采用溶胶凝胶工艺制备了低掺杂比的TiO2/SiO2二元复合气凝胶泡沫疏松靶,并用能谱仪(EDS)和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)对靶的掺杂浓度和化学成分进行了表征。结果表明,TiO2的实际质量掺杂比约为4.40%,掺杂均匀性好,掺杂浓度符合激光打靶的实验要求。激光-X光转换效率实验也证明TiO2/SiO2二元复合低密度气凝胶泡沫疏松靶用于激光驱动X光背光成像效果好,背光成像质量高。     

冲击波平面性、稳定性实验用双边多台阶Al靶制备

多台阶靶是冲击波稳定性、平面性实验的重要实验用靶。本工作采用单点金刚石切削技术,优化工艺过程设计,完成了铝双边多台阶靶的制备。应用Veeco NT1100白光干涉仪对表面轮廓及粗糙度进行了测量。通过SPDT技术制备的具有微细双边结构的多台阶靶可满足实验要求。各台阶表面几何厚度误差小于1%,均方根粗糙度Rq小于50 nm,轮廓最大高度Tir仅在底部台阶处最大,约200 nm,其余台阶处均小于100 nm,台阶垂直度在90°±1°内。     

单点金刚石切削技术在ICF靶制备中的应用

单点金刚石切削(SPDT)技术是上世纪80年代以来国际上推广应用的一项新技术,是实现超精密加工的有效技术途径。本文阐述了SPDT技术的原理、特点以及在ICF靶制备中的应用,包括腔体的制备、异形靶零件的制备以及泡沫车削加工等。     

离子束辅助沉积制备Al／Al2O3双层膜及其性质

利用离子束辅助沉积的方法在ＣＫ４５号钢和ＡｌＴｉ合金基体上制备了具有不同厚度Ａｌ层或Ａｌ２Ｏ３层的Ａｌ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３双层膜系统，Ａｌ与Ａｌ２Ｏ３层之间是厚度为１００ｎｍ的梯度界面层，利用电化学方法测量了样品在近中性水溶液中耐腐蚀性能，实验中还测量了样品的表面硬度和耐摩擦性能，研究了双层膜系统中Ａｌ或Ａｌ２Ｏ３层厚度变化对样品物理性质和化学性质的影响。     

Design and fabrication of a CH/Al dual-layer perturbation target for hydrodynamic instability experiments in ICF

A polystyrene (CH)/aluminum (Al) dual-layer perturbation target for hydrodynamic instability experiments in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) was designed and fabricated. The target was composed of a perturbed 40 μm Al foil and a CH layer. The detailed fabrication method consisted of four steps. The 40 μm Al foil was first prepared by roll and polish process; the perturbation patterns were then introduced on the surface of the Al foil by the single-point diamond turning (SPDT) technology; the CH layer was prepared via a simple method which called spin-coating process; finally, the CH layer was directly coated on the perturbation surface of Al foil by a hot-press process to avoid the use of a sticker and to eliminate the gaps between the CH layer and the Al foil. The parameters of the target, such as the perturbation wavelength (T) and perturbation amplitude (A), were characterized by a QC-5000 tool microscope, an alpha-step 500 surface profiler and a NT1100 white light interferometer. The results showed that T and A of the target were about 52 μm and 7.34 μm, respectively. Thickness of the Al foil (H1), thickness of the CH layer (H2), and cross-section of the dual-layer target were characterized by a QC-5000 tool microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). H1 and H2 were about 40 μm and 15 μm, respectively, the cross-sectional photographs of the target showed that the CH layer and the Al foil adhered perfectly with each other.     

Experimental Investigation of the Properties of an Acoustic Wave Induced by Laser Ablation of a Solid Target in Water-Confined Plasma Propulsion

Acoustic waves generated in nanosecond pulsed-laser ablation of a solid target in both air and water-confined environments were measured experimentally. It was found that the amplitude of the acoustic wave tended to decrease with an increase in water thickness. The waves were analyzed by means of fast Fourier transform. It was shown that there are several frequency components in the acoustic waves with the dominant frequency shifting from high frequency to low frequency as the thickness of the water layer increases. Furthermore, strong acoustic pressure led to enhancement of the coupling of the laser energy to the target in laser plasma propulsion.