93例转移性恶性黑色素瘤预后分析

目的：探讨转移性恶性黑色素瘤的预后因素。方法：回顾性分析93例经病理证实的转移性恶性黑色素瘤患者的临床资料及实验室、影像学检查结果。结果：93例转移性恶性黑色素瘤患者2年生存率为10．8％(10／93)。性别、体质状况、有无肝脏转移、转移部位数目、血清LDH水平、白蛋白水平以及转移灶是否切除对患者的2年生存率有显著影响：而不同年龄患者的2年生存率无统计学差异。结论：女性、体质状况较好、无肝脏转移、单一部位转移、LDH或白蛋白水平正常以及孤立转移病灶的手术切除是预后好的指标。     

93例转移性恶性黑色素瘤预后分析

目的:探讨转移性恶性黑色素瘤的预后因素。方法:回顾性分析93例经病理证实的转移性恶性黑色素瘤患者的临床资料及实验室、影像学检查结果。结果:93例转移性恶性黑色素瘤患者2年生存率为10.8%(10/93)。性别、体质状况、有无肝脏转移、转移部位数目、血清LDH水平、白蛋白水平以及转移灶是否切除对患者的2年生存率有显著影响;而不同年龄患者的2年生存率无统计学差异。结论:女性、体质状况较好、无肝脏转移、单一部位转移、LDH或白蛋白水平正常以及孤立转移病灶的手术切除是预后好的指标。     

227例恶性黑色素瘤预后因素的回顾性分析

目的：分析恶性黑色素瘤（MM）患者的预后影响因素,为进一步提高我国MM诊治水平提供参考。方法回顾性分析227例病历、随访资料完整的MM患者,选择性别、年龄、溃疡、卫星病灶、病理类型、发病时有无淋巴结转移、转移淋巴结数量、病理分期、肿瘤厚度、干涉史、手术切除范围、放疗史和综合治疗13个可能对患者预后产生影响的因素,采用寿命表法进行生存时间和生存率分析。Kaplan-Meier法Log-rank检验进行单因素分析,对单因素有统计学意义的再进行Cox回归模型多因素分析。结果截至2012年5月共死亡110例,其1、3、5、7年总生存率（OS）分别是81.4%、60.3%、46%、37.9%,中位生存期（MST）为57个月。单因素分析显示：溃疡、病理类型、肿瘤厚度、发病时有无淋巴结转移、转移淋巴结数量、病理分期、手术切除范围和综合治疗8个因素对MM患者的预后影响有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）。Cox回归模型多因素分析显示：肿瘤厚度、病理分期、综合治疗和手术切除范围是影响MM患者长期生存的独立预后因素（P﹤0.05）,其中肿瘤厚度、病理分期是危险因素,综合治疗、手术切除范围是保护因素。结论肿瘤厚度、病理分期、手术切除范围和综合治疗是影响MM患者生存的独立预后因素。     

44例原发性鼻粘膜恶性黑色素瘤的临床特征及预后分析

背景与目的:原发性鼻粘膜恶性黑色素瘤是一种罕见肿瘤,其临床资料主要来源于西方人群。本文总结原发性鼻粘膜恶性黑色素瘤患者的临床资料,分析其临床特征和影响预后的因素。方法:回顾性分析1971年1月至2005年7月中山大学肿瘤防治中心收治的原发性鼻粘膜恶性黑色素瘤66例,其中有完整随访资料的44例。复习病历登记的临床表现和治疗方法,信件或电话随访记录肿瘤复发和患者生存情况。用Kaplan-Meier方法计算生存率,用Cox比例风险模型进行多因素分析。结果:44例有完整随访资料的患者中,37例原发于鼻腔粘膜,5例原发于副鼻窦粘膜,2例原发于鼻咽粘膜。初治时12例患者出现颈淋巴结转移。31例接受以手术为主的治疗,其中8例接受辅助性放疗,13例接受辅助性化疗,6例接受辅助性非特异性免疫治疗。中位随访时间29个月,局部复发率为54.5%(24例),10例(22.7%)患者发生颈淋巴结转移复发,11例(25%)发生远处转移。中位生存时间为24个月,5年生存率为25%。预后分析显示,临床分期影响患者5年生存率,而性别、年龄、原发肿瘤部位、原发肿瘤大小、是否接受辅助治疗与5年生存率无关。结论:原发性鼻粘膜恶性黑色素瘤局部复发率和远处转移率高,且易出现颈淋巴结转移。临床分期影响患者5年生存率。     

恶性黑色素瘤临床与预后分析

我院1977年1月至1994年12月收治恶性黑色素瘤67例，全部经手术切除，病理学检查证实；对1990年1月以前诊治的恶性黑色素瘤58例进行3年和5年生存情况随访，现将结果汇总报道如下：资料与方法一般资料：本组67例恶性黑色素痛中，男性25例，女性38例。年龄最小者2岁，最大者80岁，其中，40岁-70岁48例，为高峰年龄，占71.61％。发病部位，头颈部28例（鼻6例，口腔3例，眼周例，耳3例，头皮3例，面、颈部7例）；四肢16例（足7例，下肢3例，手臂6例）；胞壁8例，腰背部6例；生殖系统4例（外阴3例，宫颈1例）；直肠，肛管3例，横结肠系膜及暖膜后…     

皮肤恶性黑色素瘤患者预后的影响因素分析

目的分析皮肤恶性黑色素瘤(MM)患者预后的影响因素。方法选取74例接受手术联合免疫治疗的皮肤MM患者,采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析影响皮肤MM患者预后的危险因素。结果 74例皮肤MM患者中,死亡33例。单因素分析结果显示,不同TNM分期、肿瘤破溃情况、淋巴结转移情况、Clark分级皮肤MM患者的2年生存率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同病理类型皮肤MM患者的2年生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Cox比例风险回归模型分析结果显示,TNM分期为Ⅲ～Ⅳ期、有淋巴结转移、有肿瘤破溃、Clark分级为Ⅲ～Ⅴ级是影响手术联合免疫治疗后皮肤MM患者预后的独立危险因素(P<0.01)。结论手术联合免疫治疗对皮肤MM具有较好的效果,临床上应重视患者的TNM分期、淋巴结转移情况、肿瘤破溃情况和Clark分级对皮肤MM患者预后的影响。     

72例恶性黑色素瘤预后分析

恶性黑色素瘤(以下简称恶黑)是一类起源于神经嵴的黑素细胞恶性肿瘤.临床上并不常见,发病率为全身恶性肿瘤的1%～2%,但近年来发病率有逐渐升高趋势[1].我院1977～1996年经病理确诊恶黑72例,现就其诊治与预后进行总结分析. 1资料与方法 1.1一般资料 本组男性32例,女性40例,男女之比1:1.25.年龄2～76岁,中位年龄53.7岁,40～70岁为52例,占72.22%.临床主要表现为局部肿块,其次是瘙痒、疼痛、溃烂、出血,黑痣脱毛,颜色加深,外伤后久不愈合等.     

口腔粘膜原发性恶性黑色素瘤预后因素探讨

 目的　探讨影响口腔粘膜原发性恶性黑色素瘤预后的因素。方法　回顾分析 35例患者的临床及病理资料。结果　全组总的 5年生存率 2 8.6%。其中临床 ～ 期与 ～ 期分别为45%、6.7% (P<0 .0 1 )。雀斑样型、浅表扩散型与结节型分别为 38.9%、1 4.3% (P<0 .0 1 ) ,病变局限于上皮层者与侵及粘膜下层者分别为 50 %、1 9.1 % (P<0 .0 1 )。手术加化疗组 5年生存率 35.7% ,单纯化疗组均于 5年内死亡。结论　口腔粘膜原发性恶性黑色素瘤的预后与临床分期、病理类型、病变侵袭深度及治疗方式有关。     

333例恶性黑色素瘤患者的预后相关因素分析

目的：探讨恶性黑色素瘤的预后相关因素。方法：回顾性分析2007年1月至2011年12月收治的333例恶性黑色素瘤术前患者的临床和病理资料,并对其生存情况进行随访。利用SPSS190统计软件进行分析,Kaplan—Meier法绘制生存曲线,生存率的比较采用log—rank检验,Cox回归对生存情况进行多因素分析。结果：333例恶性黑色素瘤患者男性166例,女性167例,中位年龄55岁,1年、2年生存率分别为44.4％、18.0％。皮肤型及黏膜型为主要的发病类型。多因素分析结果显示：原发部位（P〈0.001）、就诊时有无淋巴结转移（P〈0.001）、LDH水平是否正常（P〈0.001）及是否接受含DTIC方案化疗（P=0.015）对患者的生存期产生影响。而患者的年龄和性别与预后无关。结论：恶性黑色素瘤发病率低,恶性程度高,2年生存率不足20％,不同的原发部位、就诊时有无淋巴结转移、LDH水平是否正常、是否接受含DTIC方案化疗是影响患者预后的因素。早期判断患者的预后,有助于选取适当的治疗方案以进一步延长生存期。     

头颈部恶性黑色素瘤28例的治疗及预后因素

目的：探讨影响恶性黑色素瘤的治疗及其预后因素。方法：本院头颈外科1984年-1994年10年间诊断28例恶性黑色素瘤,治疗方法分广泛切除,广泛切除加预防性颈清扫术,广泛切除加治疗性颈清扫术3组,并作回顾性分析。结果：28例患者外院局部切除23例,残留率34.8%。原发灶切除范围分≤2cm组及＞2cm组,五年生存率分别为58%及40%。上述3组的五年生存率分别为80%、80%及39%。结论：原发灶的处理要规范,切除范围2cm以内。对颈淋巴结未及肿大的患者可暂不行颈淋巴结清扫术。颈洒巴结阳性患者可依原发灶的部位不同施行不同方式的颈清扫术,并强调颈清扫术中皮片分离应在颈阔肌浅面进行,以减少术后复发。     

Regression analyses of prognostic factors in metastatic malignant melanoma

Patients entered into phase II trials in metastatic malignant melanoma should be carefully selected in order to ensure that they live long enough to permit a meaningful evaluation of the efficacy of a given drug. In this selection emphasis has been put on performance status. However, also for patients with a good performance status, survival is often short. The purpose of this study has been to identify supplementary prognostic factors as these could be of help in the design of phase II trials.From 1978–1986, 177 consecutive patients were given various chemotherapy regimens for metastatic malignant melanoma in the Norwegian Radium Hospital. About 92% had a performance status of ECOG 0–2. Median survival was 4.0 months (0–30 months). Multivariate survival analysis selected lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) >450 U/l, presence of brain metastases, leukocyte count >10 × 10⁹/l, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 15 mm/h as significant prognostic factors indicating short survival with low probability of surviving 3 months. Patients with normal values of LDH, leukocyte count, and ESR had a median survival of 11.5 months with 94% surviving 3 months. We conclude that this information could have an impact on the design of phase II trials.     

Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in metastatic breast cancer

Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted on data collected from the records of 619 patients with metastatic breast cancer in whom an Adriamycin-containing chemotherapeutic regimen was used. Using a forward, stepwise logistic regression procedure, several models or equations in which a small number of pretreatment factors were incorporated were generated and the probability of response to therapy was accurately predicted. The predictive ability of these models was tested retrospectively in 546 of the 619 patients from whom the data were derived and prospectively in a new population of 200 patients with metastatic breast cancer also treated with a therapeutically equivalent Adriamycin combination. Using similar univariate techniques, pretreatment factors were correlated with the length of survival after therapy. The proportional hazard model of Cox was used to develop a regression model relating survival to pretreatment characteristics in much the same manner as that of the response model. The total population of the initial group of patients was divided according to four levels of hazard ratio, and survival distributions were compared. This model also was tested progressively and its predictive capability was confirmed. The prediction of individual outcome is a valuable capability in the comparison of clinical trials and the continuing evaluation of biologic changes in patients with metastatic carcinoma; such a method is described in this paper.     

子宫内膜癌的预后影响因素分析

背景与目的:子宫内膜癌的预后影响因素较多,但其中仅有少数因素对预后构成独立影响。本研究的目的在于探讨子宫内膜癌的独立预后影响因素。方法:对我院1990年1月至2000年12月间初治时行手术治疗的265例子宫内膜癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究,预后相关因素采用单因素分析及多因素相关回归分析,并进行逐步筛查。结果:本组病例的5年无瘤生存率及总生存率分别为83.3%和84.3%。单因素分析显示:临床分期、手术-病理分期、病理分级、组织学类型、肌层浸润深度、宫颈受累、淋巴结转移、腹腔液性质、脉管瘤栓及附件转移与5年无瘤生存率及总生存率有显著性相关(P<0.05),年龄、合并症因素与预后无显著性相关(P>0.05)。经多因素分析后得出,手术-病理分期、病理分级、肌层浸润深度及宫颈受累4个因素对子宫内膜癌患者的5年无瘤生存率及总生存率均产生显著性影响(P<0.05),临床分期仅对5年无瘤生存率有显著性影响(P<0.001),而对总生存率无显著性影响(P=0.074)。肌层浸润>50%者远处转移率(12.9%)明显高于≤50%者(0.6%)(P<0.001)。宫颈受累者的淋巴结转移率(21.1%)明显高于宫颈未受累者(3.6%)(P<0.001)。结论:FIGO分期、病理分级、肌层浸润深度及宫颈受累是子宫内膜癌独立的预后影响因素。在估计预后方面,手术-病理分期     

Multivariate analysis of prognostic variables in patients with metastatic testicular cancer

A majority of patients with metastatic testicular cancer achieve a complete remission as a result of current treatment programs. However, patients who fail to achieve a complete remission have a very poor prognosis, and nearly all die of their disease. A multivariate logistic regression analysis of several clinical variables associated with prognosis was performed using data from 171 patients treated for metastatic testicular cancer at Memorial Hospital between September 1975 and February 1981. A mathematical model was identified which correctly predicted 94% of complete remissions and 83% of all outcomes. The variables achieving statistical significance were the logarithm of the serum values of lactate dehydrogenase (p less than 0.001) and human chorionic gonadotropin (p less than 0.001) and the total number of sites of metastasis (p less than 0.001). The model was tested against 49 patients with metastatic testicular cancer treated at the University of Minnesota Hospitals, and it correctly predicted 86% of complete remissions and 84% of all outcomes. In a highly curable disease such as testicular cancer, mathematical modeling may enable the clinical investigator to anticipate those patients who are least likely to do well. Alternate treatment strategies would be appropriate for such patients.     

结直肠癌预后的多因素回归分析

目的 探讨影响结直肠癌预后的因素在预测结直肠癌术后生存中的价值。 方法 应用多因素回归的分析方法,回顾性分析有完整临床病理资料和随访资料的941例结直肠癌患者的临床特点、病理特征及其对预后的影响。 结果 结直肠癌患者总的3,5年生存率分别为63.2％和60.8％,中位生存时间为1841d。单因素分析显示,其预后与肿瘤的大体分型、侵袭程度、转移情况、分化等级、病理分期以及癌性肠梗阻均有相关性。应用Cox比例危险回归模型分析,则显示肿瘤的大体分型、分化程度、肠壁的侵袭深度和病理分期是影响结直肠癌患者术后生存的独立因素。 结论 病理分期是影响结直肠癌预后最重要的一个指标(P<0.0005),对于指导手术治疗、术后辅助治疗和判断预后方面具有重要作用。     

子宫肉瘤预后的多因素分析

目的　了解影响子宫肉瘤预后的有关因素。方法　对 134例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果　 134例患者总的2年、5年生存率分别为 5 4 .4 4 %和 4 3.6 0 % ,复发率为 5 8.96 % (79/ 134)。单因素分析显示 :(1)年龄 <5 0岁者预后好于年龄≥5 0岁者 (P =0 .0 0 0 1)。 (2 )患者的绝经状态与预后有关 ,未绝经者生存率高于已绝经者 (P =0 .0 0 0 1)。 (3)生存率与手术病理分期有关 ,Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者的生存率高于Ⅲ ,Ⅳ期患者 (P =0 .0 0 5 6 )。 (4)生存率与病理类型有关 ,MMMT患者的生存率低于LMS和ESS (P =0 .0 0 11)。 (5 )扩大手术范围并不能改善患者的生存率 (P >0 .0 5 )。 (6 )手术后辅助动脉灌注化疗能改善患者的预后 (P =0 .0 0 8)。多因素分析显示 :仅绝经状态、手术分期和辅助化疗三个因素与患者的预后有关 ,其中手术分期是影响患者预后的最重要因素 (P =0 .0 0 0 4 )。结论　绝经状态、手术分期和术后辅助化疗是影响患者生存率的三个独立因素。辅助化疗(经盆腔动脉灌注化疗药物 )不仅能减少复发 ,而且能改善患者的生存率。     

200例非霍奇金淋巴瘤预后分析

目的探讨中高度非霍奇金淋巴瘤预后改善。方法对２００例经化学治疗的患者进行预后因素分析。应用多因素Ｃｏｘ模型分析年龄、性别、临床分期、Ｂ症状、淋巴结外病灶、骨髓侵犯、巨大肿块、体力状况和病理恶性度等因素。结果体力状况、结外病灶、病理恶性度和巨大肿块对预后具有显著意义。按预后指数（ＰＩ）将患者分为低危组（ＰＩ为－２．４３～－１．３０）、中危组（ＰＩ为－１．２９～１．０）和高危组（ＰＩ＞１．０）,其５年生存率分别为７６．０％、２１．６％及７．４％。结论预后分组可用于指导治疗,据此,高危组可考虑采用更强烈化疗及自体造血干细胞移植,中危组及低危组可采用标准化疗方案。这将有助于改善患者的预后。     

Thick cutaneous malignant melanoma: a reappraisal of prognostic factors

The prognosis of patients with thick (>3 mm) cutaneous malignant melanomas is generally poor; however, some cases survive far longer than expected. Thus tumour thickness cannot serve as the only predictor of disease course in the individual patient. The aims of the current study were to evaluate the clinical outcome of patients with thick (>3 mm) cutaneous melanoma and test the prognostic value of a series of clinicopathological parameters on disease-free and cause-specific survival. We retrospectively evaluated 140 patients with stage I cutaneous melanoma >3 mm in thickness. Disease-free and cause-specific survival rates (Kaplan-Meier method) were compared using the log rank test. A multivariate analysis (Cox proportional hazards model) was used to determine the independent effect of each variable on prognosis. The overall 5-year and 10-year disease-free survival rates were 35.5% and 29.3%, respectively, whereas the overall 5-year and 10-year cause-specific survival rates were 55.3% and 47.7%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, the following factors were found to be significantly associated with the disease-free and cause-specific survival: tumour thickness, mitotic rate/mm2, type of invasive front, ulceration, thickness of the nodular component and predominant cell type. In addition, the presence of vascular invasion was significantly correlated with the risk of metastases but not with survival. In the multivariate analysis (Cox proportional hazards model), only tumour thickness (both as a continuous variable and >7.5 mm), infiltrating invasive front, presence of ulceration and mitotic rate/mm2 (both as a continuous variable and >10 mitoses/mm2) were significant independent predictors of poorer clinical outcome.     

Gamma Knife radiosurgery for intracranial metastatic melanoma: an analysis of survival and prognostic factors

Objective of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the effectiveness of Gamma Knife radiosurgery for intracranial metastatic melanoma and to identify prognostic factors related to survival. Twenty-six patients with intracranial metastases (72 lesions) from melanoma underwent Gamma Knife radiosurgery. In 14 patients (54%) whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) was performed as part of the initial treatment, and in 12 patients (38%) immunotherapy and/or chemotherapy was given after Gamma Knife radiosurgery. The median tumor volume for Gamma Knife radiosurgery treated lesions was 1.72 cm³. The median prescribed radiation dose was 18 Gy (range 8–22 Gy) typically prescribed to the isodose at the tumor margin. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine significant prognostic factors affecting survival. Overall median survival was 6 months after Gamma Knife radiosurgery, and 1-year survival was 25%. The median survival from the onset of brain metastases was 9 months and from the original diagnosis of melanoma was 50 months (range 4–160 months). There were no major acute or late GKS complications. In univariate testing, the Karnofsky score equal to or higher than 90% (P < 0.01, log-rank test), supratentorial localization (P < 0.001, log-rank test), intracranial tumor volume less than 1 cm³ (P < 0.02, log-rank test), and absence of neurological signs or symptoms before Gamma Knife radiosurgery (P < 0.003, log-rank test) were significant favorable factors for survival. In multivariate regression analyses, the most important predictors associated with increased survival were a KPS 90 (P < 0.023), female sex (P < 0.004), supratentorial localization (P < 0.01), and absence of neurological symptoms (P < 0.008). Radiosurgery is a noninvasive, safe, and effective treatment option for patients with single or multiple intracranial metastases from melanoma. Female sex, Karnofsky score 90, supratentorial localization and lack of symptoms before the Gamma Knife radiosurgery were good independent predictors of survival.