LMX 差异化对创造力的影响: 一项多层次研究

领导―成员交换关系的差异化是近年来学术界的一个热点课题． 尽管已有研究考察了它对一些个体和团队产出的影响,但领导―成员交换关系差异化对创造力的影响一直为研究者们所忽略． 领导―成员交换关系差异化文献和社会比较理论表明领导与不同下属交换质量的差异对团队及个人创造力的发挥具有重要意义． 基于此,本研究采用社会比较的理论视角,同时从个体和团队两个层面考察领导―成员交换关系差异化对团队和个体创造力的影响,并进一步分析团队层面的差异化对个体层面效应的调节作用． 通过对中国大陆 80 个知识型团队的 367 名个体的问卷调查,结果发现: 在个体层面,相对的领导―成员交换关系( ＲLMX) 对个体创造力有显著正向影响,团队自主支持感在这两者关系中起着中介作用; 在团队层面,领导―成员交换关系差异和团队创造力之间呈 U 型关系,领导―成员交换关系差异对个体创造力有消极影响,但团队层面的关系差异化对 ＲLMX 和个体创造力关系的调节效应不显著． 总体来看,本研究发现 LMX 差异化对个体层面和团队层面的影响是不一致的． 最后讨论了本研究的不足及未来潜在的研究方向．     

领导-成员交换关系质量和差异化对团队的影响

以3家制造企业的63个工作团队为研究对象,考察了团队层面的领导-成员交换关系质量和关系差异化对团队成员情感承诺和团队绩效的影响。研究结果表明,在控制变革型领导后,领导-成员交换关系质量对情感承诺和团队绩效仍有显著正向影响;关系差异化对这种影响有负向调节作用,表现为对关系差异化程度较低的团队,领导-成员交换关系质量对情感承诺和团队绩效的正向影响相对较强;对差异化程度较高的团队,领导-成员交换关系质量的正向影响较弱。研究结果在一定程度扩展了领导-成员交换研究的分析层次,同时发现了领导对不同下属的亲疏有别和差异对待会削弱领导-成员交换关系对团队的积极作用。     

领导—成员交换差异与团队关系冲突:道德型领导力的调节作用

基于领导—成员交换(Leader-Member Exchange,LMX)理论和社会比较理论(Social Comparison Theory),本文对领导—成员交换差异与团队关系冲突之间的关系进行了实证研究.研究从领导者角度探讨了团队关系冲突的影响因素.来自79个项目团队的334名员工构成了本研究的样本,实证检验结果表明,领导—成员交换差异对团队关系冲突有显著正向影响,且团队领导者的道德型领导力在领导—成员交换差异与团队关系冲突之间起调节作用,即相对于较低的道德型领导力,较高的道德型领导力可以缓解领导—成员交换差异对团队关系冲突的影响.     

科研团队领导者的社会网络交互及其对团队绩效的影响

本文采用社会网络分析方法,基于87个科研团队的配对问卷调查,研究了高校科研团队领导者的社会网络联系、领导—成员交换关系和团队绩效之间的关系问题。实证结论表明,科研团队领导的内部度数中心性对领导—成员的贡献和专业尊敬交换关系有显著的正向影响,领导—成员交换关系在团队领导内部度数中心性与团队绩效之间具有完全中介作用;但团队领导的外部程度中心性与团队绩效之间的关系没有得到验证。以上结论对科研团队管理具有一定的指导价值。     

善于质疑辨析就会有高创造力吗:中国情境下的领导—成员交换的弱化作用

尽管在教育学、哲学、心理学等领域,批判性思维被广泛认为是决定个体创造力的重要个性变量,但却缺乏相关的实证研究,而关于这种关系的作用机理与传导机制的研究更是一片空白。本文试图从个体认识论的角度,将批判性思维这一概念引入管理学领域,通过211对直接领导—下属—同事的三方配对问卷调查,实证研究工作情景中批判性思维对员工创造力的影响,尤其是研究创新自我效能感的中介作用与领导—成员交换关系的调节作用。本文通过结构方程和回归分析发现,批判性思维与员工创造力显著正相关,创新自我效能感在两者之间起完全中介作用,而领导—成员交换在批判性思维与创新自我效能感之间起缓冲调节作用。     

Idiosyncratic deals and individual effectiveness: The moderating role of leader-member exchange differentiation

Extending prior research on idiosyncratic deals (i-deals), in the current study we examine the functioning of i-deals in the context of leader-member exchange (LMX) differentiation. To that end, we integrate justice, social exchange, and social comparison theories and hypothesize that employee perceptions of their managers' procedural fairness and LMX quality partially mediate (in sequence) the positive relationship between i-deals and individual effectiveness, including job satisfaction, in-role performance, and helping behavior. Furthermore, we propose that LMX differentiation moderates this mediated relationship, such that the mediation effect becomes stronger when LMX differentiation within the group is greater. Data from a U.S. sample of 961 employees and their managers in 71 restaurants supported our hypothesized model. Results shed light on managerial practices regarding how to gain positive effects from i-deals by considering the influence of LMX differentiation.     

多层级领导对员工信任、工作绩效及创新行为的影响模式研究

信任已成为企业和学术界解决组织中管理要素--人--不确定性问题的重要手段.本文基于不同层级领导对员工的不同影响特点,探讨了多层级领导建立员工信任的不同途径,建立了多层级领导对员工信任及创新等绩效的影响机理模型,并通过中国的实际数据及结构方程模型对此进行了初步验证.研究结果为解释组织内复杂的领导与信任现象及提升组织内的信任水平、创新能力等提供了有益参考.     

The servant leadership advantage: When perceiving low differentiation in leader-member relationship quality influences team cohesion,team task performance and service OCB

How does servant leaders' unique ability to place each follower's needs above their own influence relationships between followers and impact their collective performance? In a study that integrates principles of servant leadership with the social comparison theoretical framework, we tested a group-level model to examine how servant leadership induces low perceived differentiation in leader-member relationship quality (perceived LMX differentiation) within a group, which strengthens team cohesion and in turn positively influences team task performance and service-oriented organizational citizenship behaviors (service OCB). Our sample comprised 229 employees nested in 67 work teams. Structural equation modeling results indicate that servant leadership significantly predicts low perceived LMX differentiation; perceived LMX differentiation is strongly related to team cohesion such that the lower the perceived differentiation, the stronger the team's cohesiveness. And, team cohesion is also strongly related to both the team's task performance and service OCB. Perceived LMX differentiation and team cohesion mediate the effect of servant leadership on both team task performance and service OCB.     

LMX differentiation: A multilevel review and examination of its antecedents and outcomes

We examine antecedents and outcomes of leader–member exchange (LMX) differentiation, or the variability in LMX patterns within work groups. Individual-level characteristics and behaviors of leaders and followers, group context, and organizational context variables are presented as antecedents. We review and offer theoretical extensions to research examining the outcomes of LMX differentiation at the individual, group, and organizational levels. Our aim is to contribute to a meso-model of leadership and stimulate research that attends to the core element of the LMX model–LMX differentiation.     

社会交换视角下的组织沉默形成机制:信任的中介作用

以278名护士为研究对象,采用问卷调查的方法,探讨了社会交换视角下组织沉默的形成机制。研究结果表明,组织支持感对默许沉默和防御沉默有显著的负向影响;领导-成员交换对默许沉默有显著的负向影响;此外,信任组织在组织支持感对默许沉默的影响过程中起部分中介作用,在组织支持感对防御沉默的影响过程中起完全中介作用;信任上级在领导-成员交换对默许沉默的影响过程中起部分中介作用。这些发现丰富了现有的组织沉默理论,为组织对沉默现象进行干预提供了对策和相应的理论支持。     

Leadership behaviors and group creativity in Chinese organizations: The role of group processes

In seeking to understand the factors contributing to work group creativity in Chinese organizations, we explored the roles of two different leadership styles (transformational and authoritarian) that Chinese leaders play in group creativity through influencing internal group processes, i.e., collective efficacy and knowledge sharing among group members. We tested our hypotheses with a sample of 163 work groups involving 973 employees in twelve Chinese companies. We found transformational leadership to relate positively but authoritarian leadership to relate negatively to group creativity, mediated by both collective efficacy and knowledge sharing among members within the group. We discuss the implications of these findings for research on group leadership, group creativity and cross-cultural management.     

Structural determinants of team performance: the mutual influences of learning culture,creativity, and knowledge

This study examined the effects of supportive learning culture, team creativity, and collaborative knowledge creating practices on team performance. A survey was used to collect data from a total of 228 knowledge workers from nine Korean organizations. Analyses included measuring item internal consistency, validating proposed constructs, and examining structural relationships using Structural Equation Modelling. The proposed research model was validated in terms of item internal consistency and a model-fit in the Korean business context. Supportive learning culture had a positive and direct influence on team creativity and on the teams' collaborative knowledge creation practices; however, it had an indirect influence on the team performance through the variables of team creativity and knowledge creation practices. In the conclusion, limitations, implications, and further research suggestions are discussed.     

变革型领导对员工创造力的作用机理研究

以内在动机理论为基础,探讨变革型领导行为对下属创造力产生影响的作用机理,即变革型领导通过心理授权和组织对创造力的支持作用于员工创造力,采用结构方程模型分析变革型领导、心理授权、组织对创造力的支持与员工创造力之间的关系,采用问卷调查方法进行研究.结果发现,心理授权对变革型领导和组织对创造力的支持产生中介作用,但对员工的创造力并无显著影响,说明在中国情境下,授权并不能使员工积极放心地从事创造性工作,因此在实践中领导对员工授权需谨慎;变革型领导通过心理授权和组织对创造力的支持对员工的创造力产生正向作用,验证了提出的假设,使变革型领导影响员工创造力的过程具体化和清晰化,对实践具有较强的指导意义. 通过心理授权和组织对创造力的支持作用于员工创造力,采用结构方程模型分析变革型领导、心理授权、组织对创造力的支持与员工创造力之间的关系,采用问卷调查方法进行研究.结果发现,心理授权对变革型领导和组织对创造力的支持产生中介作用,但对员工的创造力并无显著影响,说明在中国情境下,授权并不能使员工积极放心地从事创造性工作,因此在实践中领导对员工授权需谨慎;变革型领导通过心理授权和组织对创造力的支持对员工的创造力产生正向作用,验证了提出 假设,使变革型领导影响员工创造力的过程具体化和清晰化,对实践具有较强的指导意义.     

团队成员学习目标导向离散化与团队创造力研究

以来自38家企业、79个团队的主管与下属配对的428套样本,基于社会共享认知和信息决策视角,构建一个有中介的调节模型,探讨团队成员学习目标导向离散化影响团队创造力的中介机制及其边界条件.研究结果表明,团队成员学习目标导向离散化抑制团队创造力,团队学习行为在团队成员学习目标导向离散化与团队创造力之间发挥中介作用;共享团队愿景显著减缓团队成员学习目标导向离散化对团队学习行为的负向作用;团队成员学习目标导向离散化通过团队学习行为对团队创造力产生负向影响.     

变革型领导与员工任务绩效:主动性人格和领导-成员交换的作用

旨在研究变革型领导对员工任务绩效的影响,并以主动性人格理论、领导-成员交换理论为基础,研究领导成员交换和主动性人格在以上关系中所起的中介及调节作用.研究以河北省的6家企业中的213名员工和88名主管为研究对象,对问卷调查所获得的匹配数据进行层级回归分析和结构方程模型分析,结果表明变革型领导对员工的任务绩效有显著的正向影响,领导-成员交换在其中具有完全中介效应;员工的主动性人格得分越高,变革型领导与领导成员-交换之间的正向关系就越强.