高热负荷下粉末多孔表面沸腾传热的分析与实验

本文在前文工作的基础上,对高热负荷下粉末多孔表面上的沸腾传热提出了微型热虹吸管蒸发段模型,进行了气液两相流动与传热分析,并根据实验数据建立了半经验传热关联式。     

花丝内插物强化竖直管内凝结换热的实验研究

1前言大空隙率多孔体管内插物-绕花丝内插物，被认为是强化管内凝结换热的最有效途径之一[1]．但以往的研究，由于实验雷诺数范围较小，蒸汽速度较低，要正确全面评价其性能尚显不够。本文在原有工作的基础上，进一步完善了实验系统，改进了测试手段，扩大了实验雷诺数范围，并测试了其阻力性能，对花丝内插物强化管内凝结换热进行了较深入全面的实验研究，以全面评价花丝内插物对管内凝结换热的强化效果。2实验系统本文实验系统如图1所示。实验段是一个竖直套管冷凝器，如图2所示．本试验研究蒸汽完全凝结时的传热。凝结水流量采用容积法计…     

有肋片的倾斜向下表面的凝结换热和表面水平时肋片对液膜稳定性的影响

本文给出了水蒸汽在有肋片的倾斜向下表面的凝结换热实验数据,特别分析了表面水平时肋片对相邻肋片间表面上的液膜的稳定性的影响。分析表明,肋片对液膜有引流作用,可以减小肋根处液体表面的圆角,从而增加肋片间的有效距离,提高液膜的不稳定性,增强水平表面的凝结换热能力,同时肋片本身也有凝结蒸汽的作用,得剑了肋片高度不同的水平向下表面的凝结换热关联式。     

流体在微多孔介质内对流换热实验研究

本文对空气流过烧结微多孔介质内部对流换热进行了实验研究,分析了不同颗粒直径下对流换热努谢尔特数随流量的变化.结果表明:当颗粒直径为200～40μm时,实验得到的对流换热努谢尔特数与已有研究结果符合很好;当颗粒直径为20μm和10 μm时,实验结果略小于已有研究结果,说明空气在微多孔介质中的对流换热需要考虑微尺度效应的影响.同时,根据实验结果给出了微多孔介质内对流换热努谢尔特数与雷诺数的经验关联式,并提出了考虑努森数的修正关联式.     

蒸汽喷入过冷液面接触冷凝实验研究

对饱和蒸汽垂直喷入过冷液面直接接触冷凝进行了可视化实验,观察到近液面层汽液两相作用区的凝结现象,研究了系统压力响应特性,提出将蒸汽凝结过程分为"压力平衡"和"压力稳定"两个阶段,根据实验结果回归了不同凝结模式下平均凝结换热系数的实验关联式.通过对温度场的分析、得到了热水层的分布规律.     

多孔涂层横向抽吸效应强化膜状凝结换热的研究

研究多孔涂层界面抽吸效应对强化膜状凝结换热的影响。考察了多孔涂层的特性参数对凝液膜厚度和换热系数的影响。与Nusselt理论预示值对照表明,多孔涂层界面抽吸效应是强化膜状凝结换热的重要因素。     

水平管内强制对流凝结换热的实验研究

一、引言 水平管内的凝结换热,由于其过程的复杂性,至今尚不足以从基本物理定律出发,定量地得出理论解析式,而主要计算关联式均来自实验研究。近三十年来,这方面文献报道较多,但是不同研究者推荐的关联式之间差别很大,有的相差一倍以上。本研究以R-12为工质,在较宽广的流量范围内(G=100—410kg/s·m~2)进行了管内凝结局部换热系数的实验研究。根据实验结果,对五个知名度较高的计算关联式进行了评价,并提出了新的局部换热系数关联式。     

竖直波纹板表面凝结过程的强化传热研究

根据波纹板壁面与凝结液间的表面张力使液膜减薄的强化凝结传热的机理建立数学模型,计算了波纹板槽道谷底和波峰两侧液膜传热的综合效果与当量竖直平壁相比较的传热结果,提出了一种可兼顾通流截面和强化效应的双尺度波纹形式,对双尺度波纹、普通波纹板和当量平板进行了凝结传热性能比较实验,表明双尺度波纹板凝结侧传热系数可比普通波纹板增强约40％。     

吸收式热泵降膜吸收过程传热传质理论分析及实验关联

本文对吸收式热泵的降膜吸收过程中动量、能量及质量传递进行了较全面的理论分析，建立了变膜厚降膜吸收数学模型，揭示了吸收过程中热量、动量、质量传递过程间的相互作用关系并提出以ＰＥ数为核心的凝结式降膜吸收理论。依据该理论，成功地对降膜吸收过程传热实验数据进行关联，获得了实用传热计算的无因次准则公式。     

高通量空气隙膜蒸馏传热研究

本文研究了空气隙膜蒸馏的传热过程,给出了其主要的传热计算公式。实验结果表明热腔内进液流量的增加,使传热强化,膜通量增加,但提高膜通量最有效的方式还是提高进液的温度。针对膜蒸馏热腔内切向旋转入流的特点,本文认为采用近似对流外掠平板的经验公式更加合适,并根据实验结果拟合出热腔对流换热的经验公式,计算结果与实验结果吻合较好。空气隙厚度大于3mm后,由于空气隙内自然对流换热的影响,空气隙传递的热量反而增加,并且进液温度越高,自然对流换热对总热流密度的影响越大。根据实验结果给出了水蒸气在冷壁表面凝结换热的表面传热系数计算公式。     

机械式冷藏车蒸发器结霜特性的研究

机械冷藏车蒸发器结霜会增加传热热阻和减小换热量,必须对结霜过程进行深入了解。建立了一个机械冷藏车蒸发器结霜的数学模型,并计算了结霜量、蒸发器换热量随时间的变化过程。获得了各个入口空气参数对蒸发器结霜厚度和换热量的影响规律。研究发现结霜严重地影响了蒸发器换热性能。     

An Experimental Study on Heat Transfer Coefficients of a CO2-Filled Thermosyphon

Abstract

Because carbon dioxide is ozone friendly and has negligible global warming potential, it has received renewed interest in recent years as an important alternative refrigerant. In this article, the heat transfer characteristics of a carbon dioxide-filled two-phase closed thermosyphon were investigated experimentally, and the empirical heat transfer correlations are reported. The heat transfer data were analyzed, and heat transfer coefficients were compared with conventional heat transfer correlations. The results represent that heat transfer correlation of the heated section can be expressed with Kutatelatze's correlation, and heat transfer coefficients of the condenser section are found to be in reasonable agreement with the Nusselt equation.     

Heat transfer and force balance approaches in bubble dynamic study during subcooled flow boiling of water–ethanol mixture

In this paper, the subcooled flow boiling heat transfer coefficient of pure water, water–ethanol mixture and pure ethanol is determined experimentally in horizontal rectangular channels for various parameters like heat flux, mass flux and channel inlet temperatures. Flow visualization is carried out using high speed camera. The bubble departure diameter, growth period and waiting period of bubbles are determined. Correlations are developed for subcooled flow boiling Nusselt number of water–ethanol mixture based on force balance approach and heat transfer approach. The parameters considered for correlation are grouped as dimensionless numbers by Buckingham π-theorem. The significance of each dimensionless number on heat transfer coefficient is discussed. The correlations developed for subcooled flow boiling heat transfer coefficient are validated with the experimental data. They are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data. It is found that the correlation based on force balance approach predicts the subcooled flow boiling Nusselt number well when compared with that of heat transfer approach correlation.     

离心力场作用下多孔介质中强制对流换热的研究

对离心流化床中空气通过多孔物料层的强制对流换热进行了理论和实验研究。获得了气流和物料间强制对流换热的准则关联式。研究结果表明,在气流速度和温度梯度方向一致的条件下,强制对流换热比通常的边界层强制对流换热有所强化,其换热的准则关联式具有 Nu=CRePr的线性形式。从而验证了改变气流方向和热流密度矢量之间夹角可以强化换热的这一强化传热新原理。     

Heat transfer and fluid flow of benard-cell convection in rectangular container with free surface sensed by infrared thermography

The natural convection flow phenomena that occur inside an enclosed space are very interesting examples of complex fluid systems that may yield to analytical, empirical and numerical solutions, and many reports have looked into this basic problem. In the present study, heat transfer and fluid flow for natural convection in a horizontal rectangular container with a free surface are investigated using infrared thermography. The temperature field was measured and visualized at a gas-liquid (air — silicon oil) interface using infrared thermography. The heat transfer phenomena were also investigated by statistically analyzing the temperature data. The applicability of the infrared thermography to quantitative heat transfer measurement at the gas-liquid interface was evaluated. It is revealed that infrared thermography is effective not only in visualization of a gas-liquid interface but also in heat transfer measurement. A new heat transfer correlation is proposed for the gas-liquid interface of this flow system. The coefficient of heat transfer can be summarized by a specific heat transfer correlation formula regardless of several conditions, including container aspect ratio, fluid viscosity and fluid layer depth.     

The thermal effect of urethral warming during cryosurgery

The heating effect of urethral warming during cryosurgery has been investigated theoretically, via heat transfer simulations. Two warmer configurations have been considered: (i). the clinically available urethral warmer, which has a configuration of a counter flow fluid heat exchanger; (ii). a newly designed urethral warmer, based on a temperature controlled electrical heater, termed a "cryoheater". A dramatic effect of thermal resistance to heat transfer through the heat exchanger wall has been identified, which is absent in the cryoheater. It follows that the cryoheater is expected to be more efficient in generating an unfrozen region around the urethra. It is shown that the conventional heat exchanger may fail to prevent freezing around the urethra in a significant number of prostate cases, depending on the layout of cryoprobes around the urethra. On the other hand, clinical reports exist which suggest that the heat exchanger improves in many cases the outcome of cryosurgery, in terms of long term complications. It is speculated in the current report that the cryoheater can further improve the outcome of cryosurgery, by providing protection from freezing in a wider range of cases. It is suggested that a future study be conducted to examine the correlation between the layout of cryoprobes and surgical outcome.     

二氧化碳管内沸腾换热系数关联式的分析

了解管内流动沸腾特性并准确地预测出其换热系数,对设计紧凑、高效的CO2蒸发换热器有着至关重要的作用.文中分析了几个国内外已公开发表的换热关联式,并将预测结果与实验数据进行对比和误差分析,比较后发现Yoon2004、Jung关联式的预测精度相对较高,但各关联式对干涸后的换热系数预测普遍有较大偏差,有待进一步的改进.     

自然循环加热段内对流传热特性的实验研究

本文以常压去离子水为工质,对自然循环工况下上升加热段内单相水的对流传热特性进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,自然循环工况下上升加热段内工质的物性变化及由浮升力引起的自由流动对对流传热特性有重要影响。通过分析,提出了计算自然循环工况下上升加热段内单相水的对流换热系数的经验关系式。     

Analysis of the convective heat transfer characteristics in a two-dimensional cavity subjected to an external magnetic field

Natural convection heat transfer in the presence of a magnetic field has received considerable attention in the past few decades because of its various applications in industrial installations. In particular, a large number of numerical studies analyzing the effect of the magnetic field on natural convection in a two-dimensional cavity have been performed. In this work, we propose to study the main characteristics of the convective heat transfer of pure fluids and nanofluids in a two-dimensional cavity differentially heated and subjected to an external magnetic field. The scale analysis method is used first to obtain a correlation giving the heat transfer rate, which is then developed to predict the behavior of the heat transfer rate for pure fluids and nanofluids. To verify the reliability of the theoretical predictions, a numerical study is also carried out. The results show that the proposed correlation predicts well the convective heat transfer characteristics obtained numerically.     

Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Multiple Synthetic Jets on Heat Transfer and Pressure Loss in Minichannels

Synthetic jets can enhance thermal performance by creating wall impingement, disrupting boundary layers, and enhancing mixing within a minichannel. This study investigates using multiple synthetic jets along the length of minichannels with an aqueous–glycol mixture. Using synthetic jets, an average heat transfer coefficient increase up to 81% was demonstrated. It was also shown that pressure loss can be reduced by 78% while maintaining equivalent heat transfer performance. The effects of momentum ratio, frequency, and bulk Graetz number on heat transfer and pressure loss is presented along with an empirical correlation that predicts the heat transfer enhancement.