成核剂对聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯结晶行为和形态的影响

用差示扫描量热分析仪、广角X射线衍射仪和偏光显微镜，研究了聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯（P1T）与成核剂YS-688共混物的熔融结晶行为和晶体形貌。结果表明，成核剂不仅能够提高PTT、在高温区的结晶速率，同时还可以提高PTT、在低温区的结晶速率，但同时降低了PTT、的结晶度；光透过率测试表明，随着成核剂含量的增加，PTT、透明性先增加后略有下降，最佳加入量为1％（质量分数，下同）；偏光显微镜分析表明，成核剂影响PTT、的晶体尺寸，晶体尺寸随着成核剂含量的增加而减小；广角X射线衍射分析表明，添加成核剂没有改变PTT的晶型。     

聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯的合成研究进展

综述了1,3-丙二醇和PTT的合成方法、技术路线,并回顾了1,3-丙二醇和PTT的产业化过程。     

聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯的合成及表征

采用直接酯化缩聚合成工艺自制新型树脂—聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯（ＰＴＴ） 。详细讨论了聚合条件对合成反应的影响。用红外光谱、核磁共振分析表征了ＰＴＴ 的结构,并将结果同ＰＢＴ和ＰＥＴ 作了比较。研究结果表明在酯化反应转化率达到８０ ％ 左右开始进行缩聚反应有利于减少副产物,同时也不会影响制得合格的ＰＴＴ 树脂：在ＰＢＴ 大分子链节中的（ － ＣＨ２） 数是ＰＥＴ 的２ ．０４ 倍,是ＰＴＴ 的１．３４ 倍;ＰＴＴ 大分子链节中的（ － ＣＨ２） 数是ＰＥＴ 的１ ．５２ 倍。因此ＰＴＴ 大分子链的柔顺性在ＰＢＴ 和ＰＥＴ 之间     

聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯树脂的合成

描述了聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯（ＰＴＴ）树脂及其单体１,３－丙二醇（ＰＤＯ）的合成工艺和它的副产物的形成机理,较详细说明了不同催化剂对提高ＰＴＴ质量,尤其是改善它的色相ｂ＊值的影响,指出了ＰＴＴ的主要物性指标。     

聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯的结晶性能研究

采用热台偏光显微镜和DSC差示扫描量热仪对PET、PTT和PBT的结晶性能进行了研究。实验得到的结果是:PBT具有极强的结晶能力。在相同的△T下,PTT的结晶诱导期和球晶出现的时间比PET短,球晶的生长速率也比PET快;同时,在相同的△T下,PTT的总结晶速率大于PET。PET和PTT在较高的温度下等温结晶时倾向于异相成核,而随着等温结晶温度的降低,开始倾向于均相成核。     

聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯纤维的力学性能研究(英文)

通过自制 PTT树脂的纺丝 ,初步探讨了其纤维的力学性能 ,并将结果同 PET纤维和 PTT/ PET共混纤维进行比较 ,结果其力学性能尤其是回弹性明显高于 PET纤维。     

聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯酯化反应过程模拟

为研究聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)酯化反应过程工艺参数的影响,基于Aspen Plus开发了一种PTT间歇直接酯化合成工艺的数学模型,利用模型研究了单体进料比、反应温度对酯化率和副产物二聚丙二醇醚(DPG)的影响。模型预测值与实验数据相吻合,模型计算表明,为了避免酯化物中副产物DPG含量过高,浆料进料比需要控制在1.6以下。     

聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯的非等温结晶动力学研究

采用DSC研究了聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)在不同等速降温速率下的结晶过程,并利用由等温Avrami方程推导得到的两种不同的等速降温非等温结晶方程,研究了其结晶动力学,得出PTT的成核方式为异相成核,同时利用拟和法计算了PTT的结晶能力,发现在同等条件下PTT的结晶能力大于PET。     

新型热塑性聚酯—聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯

本文介绍了聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)的制法、结构、性能及应用,并和PET、PBT等工程塑料进行了比较。     

聚(对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-co-对苯二甲酸异山梨醇酯)等温结晶行为研究

以对苯二甲酸(PTA)、乙二醇(EG)、异山梨醇(ISB)为原料,通过直接熔融缩聚法合成聚(对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-co-对苯二甲酸异山梨醇酯)(PEIT)共聚酯。利用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了共聚酯的结晶行为,采用Avrami方程分析了共聚酯的等温结晶动力学。结果表明,PEIT共聚酯结晶行为受共聚组成和结晶温度影响。随着ISB用量的增加或结晶温度的降低,共聚酯半结晶周期t1/2增加、结晶速率变慢;ISB摩尔分数超过20%,共聚酯无法结晶。     

Isothermal crystallization behavior of polyoxymethylene with and without nucleating agents

Nucleation effects of two silicate nucleating agents, attapulgite and diatomite, on the crystallization of polyoxymethylene (POM), were studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy. The crystallization kinetics of POM with and without nucleating agents was analyzed by means of two isothermal crystallization kinetic equations through the crystallization thermograms. Compared with virgin POM, POM with nucleating agents of attapulgite and diatomite decreased the spherulitic size of POM and interfacial free energies per unit area perpendicular σ_e. The crystallization growth rate was accelerated because of nucleating agents as well. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 304–310, 2001     

Effect of nucleating agents on the crystallization behavior and heat resistance of poly(l‐lactide)

Poly (l ‐lactide) (PLLA) blends with various nucleators were prepared by melt processing. The effect of different nucleators on the crystallization behavior and heat resistance as well as thermomechanical properties of PLLA was studied systematically by differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction, heat deflection temperature tester, and dynamic mechanical analysis. It was found that poly(d ‐lactide), talcum powder (Talc), a multiamide compound (TMC‐328, abbreviated as TMC) can significantly improve the crystallization rate and crystallinity of PLLA, thus improving thermal–resistant property. The heat deflection temperature of nucleated PLLA can be as high as 150°C. The storage modulus of nucleated PLLA is higher than that of PLLA at the temperature above T_g of PLLA. Compared with other nucleating agents, TMC was much more efficient at enhancing the crystallization of PLLA and the PLLA containing TMC showed the best heat resistance. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 42999.     

Effect of nucleating agents on the temperature-dependent melt crystallization kinetics of poly(1-butene)

The effect of additives (mostly nucleating agents) on the crystallization rate of isotactic poly(1-butene) has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. Isothermal crystallization half-times and crystallization temperatures have been measured for polymer-additive blends. The crystallization temperature and the cooling rate at which the ultimate fraction transformed becomes less than 1 is calculated as a function of nucleation density, and this is used to characterize the effect of the additives on crystallization rate. The relationship between the isothermal crystallization half-time and the crystallization temperature is also calculated theoretically and is compared with experimental results.     

Effect of sepiolite on the crystallization behavior of biodegradable poly(lactic acid) as an efficient nucleating agent

To enhance the crystallization kinetics of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), fibrous sepiolite was explored for nucleating the crystallization of PLA. PLA/sepiolite nanocomposites were prepared via the melt‐extrusion method. The effect of sepiolite on the crystallization behavior, spherulite growth and crystal structure of PLA were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscope (POM), wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and scanning election microscope (SEM). On the basis of DSC and POM results, the overall crystallization kinetics of PLA/sepiolite nanocomposites were significantly enhanced leading to higher crystallinity and nucleation density, faster spherulite growth rate (G) and lower crystallization half‐time (t_1/2) compared with the neat PLA. Under non‐isothermal conditions, the PLA blend comprising 1.0 wt% of sepiolite still revealed two crystallization peaks upon cooling at a rate of 35°C/min. Above phenomena strongly suggested that sepiolite was an effective nucleating agent for PLA. FTIR and WAXD analyses confirmed that the crystal structure of PLA matrix was the most common α‐form. SEM micrographics illustrated the fine three‐dimensional spherulite structures with the lath‐shape lamellae regularly arranged in radial directions. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:1104–1112, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

成核剂对聚丙烯力学性能与结晶行为的影响

研究了两种类型的成核剂对国产共聚聚丙烯的结晶形态以及拉伸强度、冲击强度的影响。结果表明:加入TMB-5型成核剂,聚丙烯的冲击强度有一定程度改善,w(TMB-5)为0.1%时,改性聚丙烯的缺口冲击强度达到最大;TMX-2型成核剂可改善聚丙烯的拉伸性能,但抗冲击性能降低较大;TMB-5型成核剂可显著地改变聚丙烯的结晶行为,诱导聚丙烯在结晶过程中主要形成β晶;TMX-2型成核剂可诱导聚丙烯在结晶过程中主要生成α晶,与纯PP相比,α晶的形成能力增强。     

Effective nucleating chemical agents for the crystallization of poly(trimethylene terephthalate)

This study focused on the crystallization promotion of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT), with an aim at engineering thermoplastics applications. The effects of organic sodium (Na) salts, including Na stearate, Na benzoate, disodium‐p‐phenolsulfonate (2Na‐p‐PS), disodium‐p‐hydroxybenzoate (2Na‐p‐HB), and the sodium ionomer of poly(ethylene‐co‐methacrylic acid) (Na‐EMAA), were investigated as nucleating chemical agents with differential scanning calorimetry and capillary viscometry. For comparison, the effect of fine talc powder was also examined. The chemical agents were generally more effective than fine talc powder. Na stearate and Na benzoate caused large‐scale decomposition of PTT. 2Na‐p‐PS was quite thermally stable and caused little decomposition. 2Na‐p‐HB was the most efficacious of the nucleating chemical agents and caused mild decomposition. Na‐EMAA was the most thermally stable and induced an increase in melt viscosity. A remarkable improvement in the crystallization rate of PTT was successfully attained at a minimum polymer decomposition cost by the introduction of a suitable amount of 2Na‐p‐PS, 2Na‐p‐HB, or Na‐EMAA or by the concurrent proper incorporation of both of the latter two agents. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 590–601, 2004     

The crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of polylactic acid in the presence of a crystal nucleating agent

The crystallization behavior of polylactic acid (PLA) was studied in the presence of a crystal nucleating agent, ethylenebishydroxystearamide (EBH). The crystallization rate and crystallinity were significantly increased with addition of EBH. The isothermal crystallization half-time at 105°C was decreased from 18.8 minutes for neat PLA to 2.8 minutes for PLA with 1.0 wt % of EBH. The crystallinity of PLA with 1.0 wt % EBH was about 35% after 5-minute annealing at 105°C. Like neat PLA, the double melting peaks were also observed for nucleated PLA. The changes of the double melt peaks were investigated with various crystallization temperatures, heating rates, and annealing times. The heat deflection temperature (HDT) of nucleated PLA was up to 93°C after annealing. The correlation between crystallinity and HDT was demonstrated. A percolation threshold of crystallinity was found corresponding to HDT. The crystal size of nucleated PLA was significantly decreased with addition of EBH. The mechanical properties of annealed PLA blends simultaneously; showed improved modulus and impact strength. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Effects of nucleating agents on crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of high-fluid polypropylene

The effects of organic aluminum phosphate (NA-21) and rare earth organic coordination compounds (WBG), serving as ??, ?? nucleating agents, on crystallization and mechanical properties of high-fluid polypropylene (PP) have been investigated. As determined by differential scanning calorimetry, the isothermal crystallization temperature of PP increased from 126.5 to 137.7?°C and 133.6?°C with NA-21 and WBG, respectively. The two endothermal melting peaks of PP blending with WBG indicated the transformation of ??-crystal. The wide-angle X-ray diffraction pattern and melting behavior of PP blending with WBG testified that a high proportion of ??-crystal, which was more than 70%, was induced, while the crystal-phase of PP modified with NA-21 had little change. The mechanical properties of nucleated PP were tested by tensile testing machine and izod pendulum impact tester. A dramatic increment of impact strength, as high as 191%, was obtained for PP with the introduction of WBG, comparing to 132% by NA-21 addition. The impact fracture surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscope; the resistance of crack growth of nucleated PP was better than that of pure PP. Although flexural strength of PP improved in both scenarios, the influence of nucleators on yield strength of PP differed. Yield strength of PP increased by 8.5% when using 0.2?wt% NA-21, but decreased by 6% when using WBG at the same content. Therefore, WBG, a novel ??-nucleator, played an essential role in enhancing impact strength of PP.