基于Client／Server模式的多点桌面会议系统的设计

文中以作者自行开发的一个基于Ｃｌｉｅｎｔ／Ｓｅｒｖｅｒ模式的多点桌面会议系统为例，讨论了桌在会议系统设计中的几个关键问题，包括系统总体结构，软硬件平台选择，会议控制模型，音频视频的传佃与表现，实现群体感知的方式与相应工具等。     

Why do users like video?

Three studies of collaborative activity were conducted as part of research in developing multimedia technology to support collaboration. One study surveyed users' opinions of their use of video conference rooms. Users indicated that the availability of the video conference rooms was too limited, audio quality needed improvement, and a shared drawing space was needed. A second study analyzed videotapes of a work group when meeting face-to-face, video conferencing, and phone conferencing. The analyses found that the noticeable audio delay in video conferencing made it difficult for the participants to manage turn-taking and coordinate eye glances. In the third study, a distributed team was observed under three conditions: using their existing collaboration tools, adding a desktop conferencing prototype (audio, video, and shared drawing tool), and subtracting the video capability from the prototype. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected by videotaping the team, interviewing the team members individually, and recording their usage of the phone, electronic mail, face-to-face meetings, and desktop conferencing. The team's use of the desktop conferencing prototype dropped significantly when the video capability was removed. Analysis of the videotape data showed how the video channel was used to help mediate their interaction and convey visual information. Desktop conferencing apparently reduced e-mail usage and was perceived to reduce the number of shorter, two-person, face-to-face meetings.     

网络视频会议系统研究与设计

在DirectShow技术的基础上,本文提出基于DirectShow技术的多媒体网络会议系统,构建了系统框架,设计音频与视频数据的采集、编码、网络传输、解码及回放的解决方案,并用VC＋＋6.0编程实现。为远程视频会议提供良好的语音与视频的实时交流。在实验中取得了良好的效果,具有推广价值。     

Vaudeville: A High Performance,Voice Activated Teleconferencing Application

We present Vaudeville, a voice-activated, hands-free, ATM-based video conferencing application. This system is scalable; although video bandwidth is normally a limiting factor in the number of conferences participants, the bandwidth attributed to the video is not a function of conference size. This is achieved through an automatic, distributed floor control mechanism that gives the appearance of an open floor. Audio and video are encoded in hardware using a platform-independent, ATM hardware multimedia interface. Vaudeville features digitally transmitted NTSC video, voice-activated audio transmission, audio bridging of two audio streams, and voice-activated video switching. Multiple simultaneous multiparty conferences are supported. Users can move freely among conferences without knowledge of the underlying network structure. We describe how Vaudeville was built using a component-based distributed programming environment. We also describe the algorithms used to control the audio and video of the application.     

机器人一体机远程监控平台的音视频传输研究与设计

文章分析了一个典型的机器人一体机（RIM）远程控制方案,研究了该方案中的用于解决海量数据传输问题的监控平台。在数据传输过程中,音视频数据的传输效率是个亟待解决的问题。文章也对该控制方案中的结构进行了深入研究与分析,详细叙述了广域网音视频传输系统的需求,设计并实现了广域网中不同局域网之间的音视频信息的传输,为移动机器人的遥操作提供支持,介绍了系统所用到的关键技术并对系统进行了测试与分析。该方案简单明了,实现方便,通过了相关测试。     

基于IP组播的视频会议系统的研究

随着网络技术和视频通信技术的迅速发展,基于IP组播的视频传输服务应用日益广泛。在简述视频会议系统广泛用途的基础上,分析了视频会议系统的音视频服务的实现,并对其关键技术如IP组播、Directshow进行了阐述,最后对视频会议系统的发展前景进行了展望。     

虚拟声音会议环境中的应用共享

应用共享系统是一种ＣＳＣＷ系统工具,它可以将单用户应用程序在多人的网络环境中协同地使用。在应用共享系统中需要提供各艇户间方便,直接的交互方式。     

基于JAIN SIP/JMF的IP组播视频会议系统的设计与实现

针对集中式视频会议系统服务器负载过重的问题,讨论在NIST—SIP协议栈基础上对基于SIP及IP组播的桌面视频会议系统的设计,利用JAIN SIP技术进行SIP信令集中处理,同时利用JMF技术实现音视频媒体流分布传输,改善了太多会议参与者同时接收网络多媒体音视频流时可能带来的过长网络延时和抖动问题,减轻了服务器的负担。     

视频会议系统及应用

视频会议是指利用通信网,以电视实况方式召开的会议。通过视频会议系统,位于各地的与会者在开会时即可听到对方的声音,又可看到对方的影像,会议的场景,以及会议中展示的图片表格等。其好处是可以大大节省会议差旅费,提高办事效率,节省时间。     

The Personal Presence System: a wide-area network resource for the real-time composition of multipoint multimedia communications

The Personal Presence System (PPS) is an experimental research prototype platform to support advanced broadband applications, including multimedia conferencing and distance learning. It supports the user's presentation control of advanced network elements (multimedia bridges). The multimedia bridge provides for a single contact point per user, who receives only one combined video stream, which minimizes access bandwidth. This architecture solves the -squared transmission problem of multipoint video conferencing and makes customer terminal equipment simpler and cheaper than high-end desktop workstations. The PPS provides each user with flexible presentation control of a feature-rich video bridge. The PPS also supports advanced features such as object extraction and multimedia object associations.     

基于XMPP和Red5的网络视频会议系统的研究

视频会议是现代网络通信系统常用的一种会议形式。结合XMPP(Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol)协议良好的可扩展性和Red5强大的Flash编解码和传输功能,提出基于XMPP和Red5的网络视频会议系统的实现方法。各个视频会议室的带宽通过服务器端进行管理和分配以及客户端音视频传输质量根据网络状况进行动态调整,这两种方法既保障重要级别会议的带宽需求,也保障其他普通会议音视频信息的流畅传输。系统开发成本低,开发效率高,是一个简便高效的视频会议解决方案。     

Pandora: An Experiment in Distributed Multimedia

An experimental workstation is described which supports digital video and audio in a distributed environment, and which presents this functionality to the user through the medium of a video-extended implementation of the X Window System. The Pandora Workstation is built out of two quite separate parts. A standard UNIX machine (the Pandora Host) brings standard hardware and software computing resources to the system; a highly-specialised processing engine (Pandora's Box) handles the high-bandwidth, time-critical, and device-dependent processing. A 50 Mbit/second ATM network provides for real-time data communication within the system. Nineteen Pandora Workstations have been deployed within Olivetti Research Ltd and the Cambridge University Computer Laboratory, and are used routinely to run distributed applications including video mail, video conferencing, and real-time media delivery services.     

视频监控系统中多路音频联网器的设计与实现

针对牢房视频监控的实际需求,提出了一种多路音频联网器的总体设计方案,使进入联网器的每一路视频信号都能够在指定的一路或多路监视器上输出,同时完成音频信号的同步切换,从而实现了多系统间音视频信号的传输控制,使构建分布式、智能化的监控系统成为可能.详细介绍了联网器的硬件设计原理和软件流程图.     

列车固体录音装置的音频系统设计与实现

针对列车固体录音装置对无线电台通话录音的要求,介绍了由AT91SAM9261微处理器与UDA1341TS音频处理芯片组成的基于嵌入式Linux的音频系统的构建;提出了音频系统的软硬件设计方案,利用微处理器的同步串行控制器(SSC)和通用I/O口实现了音频数据及控制信号的传输;在驱动程序设计中采用DMA传输方式,并且使用缓存分段技术对DMA缓存区的管理方式进行了改进,使得对音频数据的处理速度有了较大提高,保证了系统的实时性要求;该系统已经成功地对列车无线列调电台之间的通话进行了录音测试,达到了较好的录放音效果.     

多媒体会议中的快速实时自适应混音方案研究

多媒体会议中多点控制单元(multi-point controlling unit,简称MCU)在多点会议中提供音频、视频和数据等的集中处理能力,其中音频处理能力是最基本的,也是实时性要求最高的要素.针对多点多媒体会议的实际应用需求,归类并分析了多种自适应多点语音混合处理方案,提出了采用自对齐加权的高性能混音方案.该方案不使用在实时多媒体处理中广泛运用的饱和运算,所以不引入新的噪声,因而具有较低的算法复杂度,其混合处理结果具有良好的听觉主观舒适感.同时,这套方案具有较好的并行处理特性,使用DSP等硬件较易实现,可以广泛应用在多媒体会议系统的实现中.     

基于FDDI的电视会议系统

本文介绍了一个基于ＦＤＤＩ光纤网的电视会议系统。该系统利用ＪＰＥＧ压缩技术，在ＭＳＷｉｎｄｏｗｓ３．１窗口环境下提供了点对点双向实时动态声音、视像同步传输服务及共享式白板功能，使得本地及远程节点既可以看到对方的视像、听到对方的声音，而且可以共享鼠标、画笔、各种绘图工具及交互传送显示汉字。     

基于ARMLinux的嵌入式音频系统设计

介绍了由处理器S3C2410和语音处理芯片UDA1380组成的基于ARMlinux的音频系统的构建.提出了软硬件设计方案,并就音频文件的录制、传输、播放进行了探讨.利用IIs总线,IIC总线实现了音频数据及控制信号的传输,在驱动程序设计中通过使用DMA传输及缓存分段技术提高了对音频数据的实时处理,达到了较好实时性效果,实现了录放同步的音频系统.     

Packet loss probability for DiffServ over IP and MPLS reliable homogeneous multicast networks

Multicasting has become increasingly important with the emergence of Internet-based applications such as IP telephony, audio/video conferencing, distributed databases and software upgrading. IP multicasting is an efficient way to distribute information from a single source to multiple destinations at different locations. In practice IP is considered as a layer 3 protocol. Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) replaces the IP forwarding by a simple label lookup. MPLS combines the flexibility of layer 3 routing and layer 2 switching.In order to provide QoS in group communications for real time applications such as video conferencing, reliable multicasting is used. Miscellaneous efforts have been undertaken to provide reliability on top of IP multicast. Two error control strategies have been popular in practice. These are the FEC (Forward Error Correction) strategy, which uses error correction alone, and the ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request) strategy, which uses error detection, combined with retransmission of data.In this paper, we present a new fair share policy (FSP) that utilizes Differentiated Services to solve the problems of QoS and congestion control when reliable ARQ multicast is used. The results should provide insight into the comparisons of the residual packet loss probability between IP multicast in MPLS networks using FSP and plain IP multicasting using the same policy when DiffServ are adopted and when reliable ARQ multicast is considered.     

流媒体服务器中音视频帧封装研究

多媒体数据要在因特网上进行实时的传榆,必须先对多媒体数据进行流化处理.多媒体数据的流化处理一般在流媒体服务器中进行,流化处理的过程是对多媒体数据进行必要的封装处理,把音视频数据打包成能进行流传输的RTP数据包.对流媒体服务器中音视频数据的RTP封装的方法进行了研究,并进行了相应软件的设计.介绍的方法为流媒体服务器进行音频和视频数据的流化处理提供相应的设计思路,设计的方法经过了软件的实现,能够符合多媒体数据的流媒体传输.