Application of 3D Visual Techniques in Daliuta Coal Mine

3D visualization is one of major problems in ＂Digital Mine＂ theory and its technological research field. Through the observation of 3D geological models, spatial structural information, connected with the information of production management hidden in geological data, could be detected. In order to meet the requirement of more efficient coal exploration, a case study of geological characters of the Daliuta Coal Mine is presented in which 3D visual models of the ground surface and geologic bodies are established on the basis of data models and data structures of 3D geology modeling. The main conclusions of this study are as follows： （1） Through analysis and organization of spatial discrete data, the drillhole database is designed with the data of the Daliuta mine; the connections amomg drillhole data are realized and displayed in a 3D environment. （2） Combining real data of the Daliuta mine, drillhole visualization is realized in a 3D environment by using the CoalMiner system. （3） The ground surface modeling of the Daliuta coal mine adopted a surface-data model and a TIN data structure. （4） 3D models of coal seams and rock formations of the Daliuta mine are established, which provide a method for the simulation of complex surfaces of geologic bodies. In the end, the models are applied to the Daliuta coal mine and the result shows that better geological effects are obtained.     

An Approach to Computer Modeling of Geological Faults in 3D and an Application

3D geological modeling, one of the most important applications in geosciences of 3D GIS, forms the basis and is a prerequisite for visualized representation and analysis of 3D geological data. Computer modeling of geological faults in 3D is currently a topical research area. Structural modeling techniques of complex geological entities containing reverse faults are discussed and a series of approaches are proposed. The geological concepts involved in computer modeling and visualization of geological fault in 3D are explained, the type of data of geological faults based on geological exploration is analyzed, and a normative database format for geological faults is designed. Two kinds of modeling approaches for faults are compared： a modeling technique of faults based on stratum recovery and a modeling technique of faults based on interpolation in subareas. A novel approach, called the Unified Modeling Technique for stratum and fault, is presented to solve the puzzling problems of reverse faults, syn-sedimentary faults and faults terminated within geological models. A case study of a fault model of bed rock in the Beijing Olympic Green District is presented in order to show the practical result of this method. The principle and the process of computer modeling of geological faults in 3D are discussed and a series of applied technical proposals established. It strengthens our profound comprehension of geological phenomena and the modeling approach, and establishes the basic techniques of 3D geological modeling for practical applications in the field of geosciences.     

3D integrated modeling approach to geo-engineering objects of hydraulic and hydroelectric projects

Aiming at 3D modeling and analyzing problems of hydraulic and hydroelectric en-gineering geology,a complete scheme of solution is presented. The first basis was NURBS-TIN-BRep hybrid data structure. Then,according to the classified thought of the object-oriented technique,the different 3D models of geological and engi-neering objects were realized based on the data structure,including terrain class,strata class,fault class,and limit class;and the modeling mechanism was alterna-tive. Finally,the 3D integrated model was established by Boolean operations be-tween 3D geological objects and engineering objects. On the basis of the 3D model,a series of applied analysis techniques of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering geology were illustrated. They include the visual modeling of rock-mass quality classification,the arbitrary slicing analysis of the 3D model,the geological analysis of the dam,and underground engineering. They provide powerful theoretical prin-ciples and technical measures for analyzing the geological problems encountered in hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering under complex geological conditions.     

Methodology of High Accuracy and Resolution 3D Geological Model Generation and Application

By generating a high accuracy and high resolution geological model in Liuchu oil field, the technique of geological modeling is expanded and involved in primary geological study, making the sand bodies and reservoir be easily described in detail. The 3D visualization and 3D interactive editing of geological structure model are the key for modeling procedure. And a high accuracy and resolution geological model has been well applied in optimizing the production scheme.     

Research on 3D Modeling and Visualization of Coal Pillars for Surface Protection

In order to safely exploit coal resource, protection coal pillars must be prepared in coal mines. Some correlative parameters of protection coal pillar are calculated by Drop face and Drop line methods. Models of protecting surface objects and coal pillars are established by TIN modeling and object-oriented technique. By using ACCESS2000as the database and the VC＋＋ and OpenGL as the language, the calculation of protective coal pillars is realized and the 3D-visulizaiton system for protected objects on ground surface and for coal pillars is developed. The system can obtain the data of characteristic points on the surface interactively from the digitized mine topography map, constructing 3D model automatically. It can also obtain the interrelated parameters of the coal seam and drill hole data from existing geolog!cal surveying database to calculate the location, surface area and the total coal columns. The whole process can be computed quickly and accurately. And the 3D visualization system was applied in a mine, showing that the system solve the problem of complex calculation, not only realized the automatic 3D mapping and visualization of coal pillars for buildings protection, but also greatly improves the working efficiency.     

Research on Evaluation of Degree of Complexity of Mining Fault Network Based on GIS

A large number of spatial and attribute data are involved in coal resource evaluation. Database is a relatively advanced data management technology, but its Major defects are the poor graphic and spatial data functions, from which it is difficult to realize scientific management of evaluation data with spatial characteristics and evaluation result maps. On account of these deficiencies, the evaluation of degree of complexity of mining fault network, based on GIS, is proposed, which integrates management of spatial and attribute data. Fractal is an index which can reflect the comprehensive information of faults＇ number, density, size, composition and dynamics mechanism. Fractal dimension is used as the quantitative evaluation index. Evaluation software has been developed based on a component GIS-MapX, with which the degree of complexity of fault network is evaluated quantitatively using the quantitative index of fractal dimensions in Liuqiao No.2 coal mine as an example. Results show that it is effective in acquiring model parameters and enhancing the definition of data and evaluation results with the application of GIS technology. The fault network is a system with fractal structure and its complexity can be described reasonably and accurately by fractal dimension, which provides an effective method for coal resource evaluation.     

Research on Digital Product Modeling Key Technologies of Digital Manufacturing

With the globalization and diversification of the market and the rapid development of Information Technology (IT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI),the digital revolution of manufacturing is coming.One of the key technologies in digital manufacturing is product digital modeling.This paper firstly analyzes the information and features of the product digital model during each stage in the product whole lifecycle,then researches on the three critical technologies of digital modeling in digital man- ufacturing-product modeling,standard for the exchange of product model data and digital product data management.And the potential signification of the product digital model during the process of digital manufacturing is concluded-product digital model integrates primary features of each stage during the product whole lifecycle based on graphic features,applies STEP as data ex- change mechanism,and establishes PDM system to manage the large amount,complicated and dynamic product data to implement the product digital model data exchange,sharing and integration.     

Study on Virtual Human Skeleton System

A solution of virtual human skeleton system is proposed. Some issues on integration of anatomical geometry, biodynamics and computer animation are studied. The detailed skeleton system model that incorporates the biodynamic and geometric characteristics of a human skeleton system allows some performance studies in greater detail than that performed before. It may provide an effective and convenient way to analyze and evaluate the movement performance of a human body when the personalized anatomical data are used in the models. An example shows that the proposed solution is effective for the stated problems.     

Realization of R-tree for GIS on hybrid clustering algorithm

The characteristic of geographic information system（GfS） spatial data operation is that query is much more frequent than insertion and deletion, and a new hybrid spatial clustering method used to build R-tree for GIS spatial data was proposed in this paper. According to the aggregation of clustering method, R-tree was used to construct rules and specialty of spatial data. HCR-tree was the R-tree built with HCR algorithm. To test the efficiency of HCR algorithm, it was applied not only to the data organization of static R-tree but also to the nodes splitting of dynamic R-tree. The results show that R-tree with HCR has some advantages such as higher searching efficiency, less disk accesses and so on.     

Ontology-based analysis of multi-scale modeling of geographical features

As multi-scale databases based on scale series of map data are built, conceptual models are needed to define proper multi-scale representation formulas and to extract model entities and the relationships among them. However, the results of multi-scale conceptual abstraction schema may differ, according to which cognition, abstraction and application views are utilized, which presents an obvious obstacle to the reuse and sharing of spatial data. To facilitate the design of unified, common and objective abstract schema views for multi-scale spatial databases, this paper proposes an ontology-based analysis method for the multi-scale modeling of geographical features. It includes a three-layer ontology model, which serves as the framework for common multi-scale abstraction schema; an explanation of formulary abstractions accompanied by definitions of entities and their relationships at the same scale, as well as different scales, which are meant to provide strong feasibility, expansibility and speciality functions; and a case in point involving multi-scale representations of road features, to verify the method's feasibility.     

A modeling method for virtual scene based on multi-view image sequence

Through the analysis and comparison of shortcomings and advantages of existing technologies on object modeling in 3D applications,we propose a new modeling method for virtual scene based on multi-view image sequence to model irregular objects efficiently in 3D application.In 3D scene,this method can get better visual effect by tracking the viewer’s real-time perspective position and projecting the photos from different perspectives dynamically.The philosophy of design,the steps of development and some other relevant topics are discussed in details,and the validity of the algorithm is analyzed.The results demonstrate that this method represents more superiority on simulating irregular objects by applying it to the modeling of virtual museum.     

Application of reliability-centered maintenance for productivity improvement of open pit mining equipment：Case study of Sungun Copper Mine

Equipment plays an important role in open pit mining industry and its cost competence at efficient operation and maintenance techniques centered on reliability can lead to significant cost reduction. The application of optimal maintenance process was investigated for minimizing the equipment breakdowns and downtimes in Sungun Copper Mine. It results in the improved efficiency and productivity of the equipment and lowered expenses as well as the increased profit margin. The field operating data of 10 trucks are used to estimate the failure and maintenance profile for each component, and modeling and simulation are accomplished by using reliability block diagram method. Trend analysis was then conducted to select proper probabilistic model for maintenance profile. Then reliability of the system was evaluated and importance of each component was computed by weighted importance measure method. This analysis led to identify the items with critical impact on availability of overall equipment in order to prioritize improvement decisions. Later, the availability of trucks was evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation and it is revealed that the uptime of the trucks is around 11000 h at 12000 operation hours. Finally, uncertainty analysis was performed to account for the uncertainty sources in data and models.     

Probe into Key Techniques of Regional-Oriented 3D GIS

1 Introduction Geological exploration is one of the most im- portant approaches to study and solve multitudinous geological problems in the development of modern times. Since 1990s, geological work has been con- fronted with a new opportunity that is brought by the rapid development and extensive application of in- formation technology all over the world. It becomes a new working model for studies based on digital spa- tial database, computer cartography and Geographi- cal Information System …     

A Preliminary Study on 1D Numerical Experiment of Water Debris Flow in Gully

In order to improve and enhance the numerical modeling methods and its application on debris flow problems,a preliminary study has been proposed in accordance with the corrected water-sediment numerical model on the premise of revised resistance and sediment capacity equations.Firstly,an overview the recent re- search achievements on numerical simulation of debris flow has been conducted,the results shown that a gener- al numerical model for debris flow can not be existed at all because the complex rheological behavior and main evolution processes from initiation,movement to deposition with different physical mechanism.Secondly,as- suming the one-dimensional Saint-Venant equation for the approximation of water debris flow movement in the gully based on the Manning's equation for the friction slope of water debris flow,the conservation equations of mass and momentum have been solved by means of centre-difference in distance longitudinal axis of the gully and weighted coefficient in time field,the distribution of depth,velocity and scoured or deposition in each sec- tion have been obtained using a suitable sediment transport rate.The aim in this work is focus on improvement of water-sediment model to adapt debris flow numerical simulation although this result need further to analyze and discuss as far as the reliability and precision were concerned because this model proposed must have e- nough the field observational or experimental data to verify related model parameter.     

Application of graph overlay method to environmental impact assessment of railway noise

The graph overlay method is used to evaluate the noise impact of route alignment and the results can serve as a reference for the route alignment optimal selection. The geographic information system(GIS), with its powerful function of handling attribute data and spatial analysis, is adopted to calculate the noise comprehensive impact area of each alignment. With the graph overlay method, the noise vulnerability and noise impact distribution are both taken into account in the noise impact assessment of route alignment. With GIS, the efficiency of work and the reliability of result are greatly improved. By a combination of them, the noise impact on environment is fully presented in a visual way and the assessment result has vital value in route alignment optimal selection. A detailed case study is illustrated and the efficiency of the method is verified.     

Research on traffic flow forecasting model based on cusp catastrophe theory

This paper intends to describe the relationship between traffic parameters by using cusp catastrophe theory and to deduce highway capacity and corresponding speed forecasting value through suitable transformation of catastrophe model. The five properties of a catastrophe system are outlined briefly, and then the data collected on freeways of Zhujiang River Delta, Guangdong province, China are examined to ascertain whether they exhibit qualitative properties and attributes of the catastrophe model. The forecasting value of speed and capacity for freeway segments are given based on the catastrophe model. Furthermore, speed-flow curve on freeway is drawn by plotting out congested and uncongestcd traffic flow and the capacity value for the same freeway segment is also obtained from speed-flow curve to test the feasibility of the application of cusp catastrophe theory in traffic flow analysis, The calculating results of catastrophe model coincide with those of traditional traffic flow models regressed from field observed data, which indicates that the deficiency of traditional analysis of relationship between speed, flow and occupancy in two-dimension can be compensated by analysis of the relationship among speed, flow and occupancy based on catastrophe model in three-dimension, Finally, the prospects and problems of its application in traffic flow research in China are discussed.     

Component temperatures inversion for remote sensing pixel based on directional thermal radiation model

When the remote sensing pixel is composed of multiple components and a non-isothermal surface, its directional signature of thermal-infrared radiation is mainly determined by the 3D structure of the pixel. In this paper, we present our simple directional thermal radiation model to describe the relation between the pixel thermal emission and the pixel's component parameters, and invert the model to get the component temperatures. For the inversion algorithm, we focus on how to use the information of given observations in a more effective way. The information content in data space and parameter space is defined, and the transferring of information content in inversion procedure is studied. Our forward model and inversion method are validated using indoor directional measurement data.     

Multimodality image registration and fusion using neural network

Multimodality image registration and fusion are essential steps in building 3-D models from remote sensing data. We present in this paper a neural network technique for the registration and fusion of multimodality remote sensing data for the reconstruction of 3-D models of terrain regions. A FeedForward neural network is used to fuse the intensity data sets with the spatial data set after learning its geometry. Results on real data are presented. Human performance evaluation is assessed on several perceptual tests in order to evaluate the fusion results.     

Layer-Constrained Triangulated Irregular Network Algorithm Based on Ground Penetrating Radar Data and Its Application

In this paper,a layer-constrained triangulated irregular network (LC-TIN) algorithm is proposed for three-dimensional (3D) modelling,and applied to construct a 3 D model for geological disease information based on ground penetrating radar (GPR) data.Compared with the traditional TIN algorithm,the LC-TIN algorithm introduced a layer constraint to the discrete data points during the 3D modelling process,and it can dynamically construct networks from layer to layer and implement 3D modelling for arbitrary shapes with high precision.The experimental results validated this method,the proposed algorithm not only can maintain the rationality of triangulation network,but also can obtain a good generation speed.In addition,the algorithm is also introduced to our self-developed 3D visualization platform,which utilized GPR data to model geological diseases.Therefore the feasibility of the algorithm is verified in the practical application.