Prevalence of overweight and obesity among Costa Rican elementary school children.

OBJECTIVE: Given that excessive body weight during childhood influences the development of several chronic diseases in adulthood, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in urban and rural Costa Rican elementary school children. METHODS: The study was carried out from July 2000 to April 2001. A total of 1 718 students ages 7-12 were selected from 34 schools in the capital city of San José and in other nearby urban and rural areas. Both younger children (ones aged 7 through 9 years) and older children (ones aged 10 through 12 years) with a body mass index (BMI) at or above the sex-specific 85th percentile were considered overweight. The younger children were classified as being obese if their triceps skinfold was greater than or equal to the 85th percentile for age and sex using the percentiles by age for children in the United States of America as normative standards. The older children were considered obese if they had a BMI at or above the sex-specific 85th percentile and both the triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness at or above the 90th percentile. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight was 34.5%. Children aged 7-9, boys, children from urban areas, and children of a higher socioeconomic status had a higher prevalence of overweight. The prevalence of obesity was 26.2%. A higher prevalence of obesity was found among children aged 7-9, boys, children from urban areas, and children of middle socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS: Given the high prevalence of obesity that we found in the Costa Rican children, primary and secondary prevention measures are needed in order to reduce the proportion of deaths due to chronic nontransmissible diseases among Costa Rican adults in the coming decades.     

四川省绵阳市7~18岁儿童青少年超重肥胖流行现状分析

目的 了解四川省绵阳市7～18岁儿童青少年超重肥胖的流行现状,为制定预防控制儿童青少年超重肥胖的策略与措施提供科学依据。方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取100 116名7～18岁儿童青少年作为研究对象,对其进行问卷调查与体格检查,以李辉制定的中国7～18岁学龄儿童超重肥胖筛查BMI界值点(kg/m2)标准作为划分超重、肥胖的标准。结果 绵阳市7～18岁儿童青少年超重率为14.24%,肥胖率为6.31%。男生、女生超重率分别为14.79%、13.68%,肥胖率分别为7.60%、4.99%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。7～9岁儿童超重、肥胖率最高,随着年龄增长有下降趋势(P<0.001)。涪城区、江油市儿童青少年超重率分别为15.77%、12.44%,肥胖率分别为7.63%、4.75%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论 绵阳市7～18岁儿童青少年超重和肥胖有较高的检出率,政府、学校及家庭应采取相关措施来应对儿童青少年的超重肥胖问题。     

中国城市学龄儿童超重肥胖流行现状及危险因素分析

目的 了解中国城市学龄儿童超重肥胖流行现状并分析其危险因素。方法 于2013年12月-2014年6月,选取石家庄、上海、深圳、兰州、武汉5个城市共3 896名小学生进行问卷调查。结果 超重肥胖检出率为19.8%,其中超重率为10.6%,肥胖率为9.2%;超重肥胖分布存在年龄、性别、地区差异,男童超重肥胖率（22.8%）高于女童（16.5%）（P<0.01）。校正地域和年龄后,多因素分析结果显示,儿童超重肥胖危险因素：体力活动不足（OR=4.179,95%CI=3.492～5.002）、男童（OR=1.218,95%CI=1.019～1.456）、不爱吃零食（OR=1.346,95%CI=1.047～1.731）;而进食速度一般（OR=0.532,95%CI=0.335～0.845）或进食速度慢（OR=0.352,95%CI=0.211～0.586）、不爱吃肉类食物（OR=0.723,95%CI=0.549～0.952）、饮食结构为荤素搭配（OR=0.556,95%CI=0.324～0.965）有助于降低城市儿童超重肥胖发生率。结论 以促进儿童体力活动水平、促进健康饮食习惯为目标的干预策略是预防和干预超重肥胖的重点和关键。     

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Nigerian preschool children

The problem of obesity is taking a worldwide dimension. However, there is paucity of data on obesity in Nigerian children. This study was therefore conducted to determine the prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among Nigerian preschool children. A total of 270 children were recruited from 216 households using multistage cluster sampling technique. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 13.7% and 5.2% respectively while the prevalence of underweight was 8.5%. Although, there was no statistically significant relationship between exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, duration of breastfeeding and the prevalence of overweight (P = 0.569, 0.669 respectively), the prevalence of overweight decreases with increase in the duration of breastfeeding. Ninety-nine (36.3%) children were given infant formula feeds with 92 (93.9%) children introduced to infant formula feeds before the age of 6 months. The use of infant formula feeds was significantly associated with reduction in the prevalence of overweight (P = 0.041). No linear relationship was detected in the association between overweight and socioeconomic class. The population shows heterogeneity in their nutritional problem by having mixture of obesity and underweight. There is need for trend of obesity to be monitored so that timely intervention will be taken and associated morbidity and mortality from obesity prevented.     

北京市某中学学生低体质量、体质量超标和肥胖流行状况

目的 评价和比较家庭社会经济状况比较优裕的学生群体中男女生低体质量和肥胖流行情况。方法 2004年10月采用自填问卷方式对北京市某重点中学高二年级学生进行了现况调查，获得有效样本353例。一月后又根据该校医务室同年10月的体检记录，核实了78名学生，两次身高和体质量数据的相关系数分别为0．99和0．98。采用全国不同年龄不同性别体质量指数（BMI）的第10百分位数判断低体质量，采用中国学生BMI体质量超标和肥胖筛查标准判定体质量超标与肥胖。结果 学生家长的文化程度80％多在大专以上，职业以干部或教师为主。男女生低体质量检出率分别是6.2％和11.6％（P=0．10，把握度=0．43）：体质量超标检出率分别为13．0％和3．9％，前者是后者的3．3（95％CI：1．52～7．48）倍；肥胖检出率分别是10．3％和3．4％，前者是后者的3.0（95％CI：1．27～7．26）倍。调查还发现19．8％的男生和33．8％的女生曾有过减肥经历（P〈0．01）；根据BMI判定标准，44．9％的自认为肥胖的男生被判为体质量超标或肥胖，而女生该比例却降为13．7％（P〈0．01）。结论 家庭社会经济状况比较好的男生群体肥胖问题尤显突出，而女生群体低体质量问题更值得关注，与追求“形体关”有关的减肥经历可能是导致女生低体质量的主要因素之一。     

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Greek school-aged children and adolescents

The aim of the present study, which was part of the Health Behavior in School Aged Children (HBSC) study, was to provide national estimates for overweight and obesity in Greek school-aged children and adolescents. A nationwide multistage procedure was followed to obtain a representative sample of children and adolescents aged 11.5, 13.5 and 15.5 y. The resultant sample consisted of 4299 students, 51.3% girls and 48.7% boys. Self-reported weight and height data were used. According to the body mass index cutoff points adopted by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), 9.1% of girls and 21.7% of boys were classified as overweight, and 1.2% of girls and 2.5% of boys as obese. Corresponding values using CDC growth charts were 8.1% of girls and 18.8% of boys for overweight, and 1.7% of girls and 5.8% of boys for obese. Compared to most other western countries, the prevalence of obesity is lower in Greek children aged 11-16 y.     

Prevalence of obesity among Nigerian school children

The prevalence of obesity among 457 school children in the age group 6-19 years is 3.2% for males and 5.1% for females based on weight for age. 3.7% males and 3.3% females were classified as obese when triceps skinfold thickness was used as the basis of obesity. Preventable socio-economic factors are responsible for the high prevalence of obesity among, Nigerian school children. This the first study of prevalence of obesity among Nigerian school children.     

Prevalence of overweight and obesity, and associated factors in school children from urban area in Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico, 2004

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence rates for overweight and obesity among Mexican schoolchildren, identifying factors associated with the outcomes. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample consisting of 700 schoolchildren. Prevalence rates were calculated according to age and gender, and odds ratios were estimated by point and intervals, using multivariate logistic regression. Overweight and obesity prevalence were 28.1% and 13.7%, respectively. Risk factors for overweight were: mother's schooling (in years); eating while studying or watching TV; scores for risk food items > or = 12 points; sedentary activities > or = 1.6 hours/day, and birth weight > or = 2,890 grams. Obesity risk factors were similar to those related to overweight. Higher frequency of sport activities was detected as a protective factor in both outcomes. The associated factors for overweight and obesity highlighted the focus for health programs to prevent chronic diseases in this population, for which risk factors can already be identified in childhood.     

浙江省儿童青少年超重肥胖流行现况

了解浙江省儿童青少年的超重和肥胖流行现况与特征,为进一步采取相应干预措施提供依据.方法 分层整群随机抽取浙江省11个地市小学一、三、五年级和初二、高二年级学生共33 256名,根据身高和体重计算体质量指数(BMI),应用中国肥胖问题工作组(WGOC)的“中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查体质量指数分类标准”判定超重和肥胖,进行流行病学描述性分析.结果 浙江省7 ~18岁儿童青少年超重检出率为10.6%,肥胖检出率为5.3%;男生超重和肥胖检出率(13.7%,6.8%)高于女生(7.4%,3.7%);小学生(12.3%,8.3%)和初中生(11.1%,5.1%)超重与肥胖检出率均高于高中生(8.7%,2.8%);经济发达地区儿童青少年的超重检出率和肥胖检出率(11.1%,5.6%)高于经济欠发达地区(10.3%,4.8%).结论 浙江省儿童青少年超重与肥胖的检出率超过全国水平.要重点关注男生、低年龄段学生和经济发达地区儿童青少年超重与肥胖的流行趋势,采取综合措施促进儿童青少年健康.     

大理市小学生超重肥胖状况及影响因素多水平模型分析

探讨个体水平和社区食品环境因素对小学生超重肥胖的影响,为制定儿童超重肥胖的干预措施提供理论依据.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取大理市小学生4 354名.采用体格测量、问卷调查等方法收集数据,利用多水平模型进行影响因素分析.结果 大理市小学生超重率为8.5%,其中男生为10.4%,女生为8.5%;肥胖率为7.7%,其中男生为9.3%,女生为6.1%.社区食品密度、年龄、性别、家庭经济条件、看电视时间、运动次数、是否喜食零食以及父母亲是否超重和肥胖等因素与小学生超重肥胖相关.结论 个人、家庭、社会应该加强对小学生超重肥胖发生及其危害的认识,采取综合干预措施,特别是改善社区食品环境,以降低儿童超重肥胖率.     

银川市中小学生腹型肥胖现况

了解银川市中小学生腹型肥胖分布特征,为中小学生肥胖和慢性病的预防提供理论依据.方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法,选取银川市9所学校共2 598名中小学生进行身高、体重、腰围测定.结果 银川中小学生超重、肥胖和腹型肥胖检出率分别为12.5%,6.9%和14.8%,其中腹型肥胖占肥胖儿童的87.0%;男生超重、肥胖和腹型肥胖检出率均高于女生(P值均<0.01);不同BMI组腹型肥胖检出率:肥胖组>超重组>正常组(P<0.01);城镇学生超重、肥胖和腹型肥胖检出率均高于农村(P值均<0.01).结论 银川市中小学生肥胖主要是腹型肥胖,需要制定积极有效的干预措施.     

城市学龄儿童超重和肥胖危险因素分析

目的探讨城市学龄儿童超重和肥胖的主要影响因素。方法采用现况调查方法,测定河北省石家庄市区913名7-13岁儿童的身高和体重;问卷调查获得父母学历、儿童饮食习惯和生活方式等。结果校正年龄和性别后Logistic回归分析显示,儿童超重肥胖的主要因素为母亲文化程度高（OR=1.54,95%CI=1.15-2.05）、父亲肥胖（OR=2.59,95%CI=1.42-4.73）、母亲肥胖（OR=2.05,95%CI=1.15-3.63）、儿童出生体重高（OR=1.80,95%CI=1.23-2.64）、每周蛋类食用次数多（OR=1.42,95%CI=1.10-1.83）、每周米饭食用次数多（OR=1.26,95%CI=0.96-1.66）、喜吃动物食品（OR=2.24,95%CI=0.98-5.14）、吃饭速度快（OR=1.66,95%CI=1.22-2.27）、每次吃得很饱（OR=2.17,95%CI=1.44-3.25）、放学后在家学习时间长（OR=1.44,95%CI=1.06-1.94）、自觉学习压力大（OR=1.26,95%CI=1.01-1.58）。父母因素占36.3%,儿童饮食习惯占45.5%,儿童生活方式占18.2%。结论城市儿童超重和肥胖率升高并非单一因素所造成。除儿童不良饮食习惯和生活方式外,还与父母因素密切相关。     

北京市2004年2-18岁儿童青少年超重和肥胖流行现状

目的分析北京市2～18岁儿童青少年超重和肥胖检出率水平及分布特征.方法利用2004年北京市儿童代谢综合征调查总样本中21 198名2～18岁人群的体重指数数据,分别采用中国（WGOC标准）、美国疾病预防控制中心（CDC 2000标准）和国际肥胖工作组（IOTF标准）推荐的儿童青少年超重和肥胖体重指数分类标准计算超重和肥胖检出率.结果北京市2～18岁儿童青少年合并超重（包括肥胖）检出率、肥胖检出率分别是18.6%和8.1%（CDC 2000标准）,17.4%和5.1%（IOTF标准）;根据WGOC计算的7～18岁合并超重检出率和肥胖检出率是20.9%和8.9%.学龄儿童（6～18岁）的合并超重率高于学龄前儿童（19.8%：14.8%,CDC 2000标准）;学龄儿童中,男性高于女性（26.7%：16.5%,WGOC标准）,城市高于农村（27.0%：15.9%,WGOC标准）;学龄前儿童城乡间差异无统计学意义.结论北京市有1/5的儿童青少年超重或肥胖,居国内最高水平.儿童青少年肥胖已经成为北京市一个重要公共卫生问题,需要引起社会高度关注.     

Prevalence and trends in overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Denmark

AIM: To study the current prevalence and trends in overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Denmark from 1995 to 2000-2002. METHODS: Cross-sectional national dietary surveys were conducted in 1995 and 2000-2002. The analysis was based on two random population samples from the Danish civil registration system. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from self-reported height and weight for 1,026 and 1,152 children and adolescents (4-18 years), who participated in 1995 and 2000-2002, respectively. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was defined according to the international age and gender-specific child BMI cut-off points. In the statistical analysis, overweight and obesity were included in the prevalence of overweight. RESULTS: Mean BMI increased significantly between 1995 and 2000-2002 for all combinations of age groups (4-6, 7-10, 11-14 and 15-18 years) and genders. Prevalence of overweight increased between survey years for boys and girls for all age groups (4-6, 7-10, 11-14 and 15-18 years), although formal statistical significance was not reached (p>0.05). When all children and adolescents (4-18 years) were analysed, the prevalence of overweight rose significantly from 10.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 9.0-12.8) to 14.4% (95% CI 12.5-16.3) between 1995 and 2000- 2002 (p=0.01), whereas the increase in the prevalence of obesity did not reach significance (1995, 2.3% (95% CI 1.3-3.3) vs. 2000-2002, 2.4% (95% CI 1.6-3.3); p=0.74). CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed a significant increase from 1995 to 2000-2002 in mean BMI for boys and girls for all age groups and a significant increase in the prevalence of overweight when all Danish children and adolescents (4-18 years) were analysed.     

北京市4区婴幼儿体成分检测及超重肥胖影响因素研究

目的 了解北京市婴幼儿超重肥胖流行现状,结合体成分检测结果,探究影响婴幼儿身体成分的影响因素.方法 2021年1-4月于北京市海淀区、昌平区、石景山区及通州区4区开展多中心现况调查,招募单胎且无明显畸形和遗传代谢病的0～2岁婴幼儿作为研究对象.调查内容包括问卷调查(婴幼儿一般人口学特征、母亲孕期及分娩情况和婴幼儿出生情...     

北京西城区中小学生超重与肥胖影响因素分析

目的 探讨北京西城区中小学生2010—2011年超重和肥胖流行状况及相关危险因素。方法 应用多层整群随机抽样方法对西城区2 261名11~18岁中小学生进行问卷调查和现场体检,对相关因素进行logistic多元回归分析。结果 学生肥胖发生率为7.6%,其中女生为8.2%,男生为6.9%;肥胖学生中每天运动<60 min者占74.9%,明显高于体重正常组的38.7%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）;有肥胖家族史的青少年肥胖发生率为53.8%;logistic多元回归分析显示,女性、使用电脑时间长、不规律体育运动和肥胖家族史是超重和肥胖的危险因素。结论 西城区中小学生超重和肥胖与多种原因相关,除不良生活方式外,家族遗传也是常见的危险因素。     

Prevalence of overweight, obesity and thinness in 9-10 year old children in Mauritius

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To document the prevalence of overweight, obesity and thinness in 9-10 year old children in Mauritius. METHODS: 412 boys and 429 girls aged 9-10 years from 23 primary schools were selected using stratified cluster random sampling. All data was cross-sectional and collected via anthropometry and self-administered questionnaire. Outcome measures were BMI (kg/m2), prevalence of overweight, obesity (International Obesity Task Force definitions) and thinness (low BMI for age). Linear and logistic regression analyses, accounting for clustering at the school level, were used to assess associations between gender, ethnicity, school location, and school's academic performance (average) to each outcome measure. RESULTS: The distribution of BMI was marginally skewed with a more pronounced positive tail in the girls. Median BMI was 15.6 kg/m2 in boys and 15.4 kg/m2 in girls, respectively. In boys, prevalence of overweight was 15.8% (95% CI: 12.6, 19.6), prevalence of obesity 4.9% (95% CI: 3.2, 7.4) and prevalence of thinness 12.4% (95% CI: 9.5, 15.9). Among girls, 18.9% (95% CI: 15.5, 22.9) were overweight, 5.1% (95% CI: 3.4, 7.7) were obese and 13.1% (95% CI: 10.2, 16.6) were thin. Urban children had a slightly higher mean BMI than rural children (0.5 kg/m2, 95% CI: 0.01, 1.00) and were nearly twice as likely to be obese (6.7% vs. 4.0%; adjusted odds ratio 1.6; 95% CI: 0.9, 3.5). Creole children were less likely to be classified as thin compared to Indian children (adjusted odds ratio 0.3, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.6). CONCLUSION: Mauritius is currently in the midst of nutritional transition with both a high prevalence of overweight and thinness in children aged 9-10 years. The coexistence of children representing opposite sides of the energy balance equation presents a unique challenge for policy and interventions. Further exploration is needed to understand the specific causes of the double burden of malnutrition and to make appropriate policy recommendations.