基于通用PC的单向时延测量方法

为克服目前常用的单向时延测量方法由于计算复杂或成本高而不能做到实时监控和大规模部署的不足,提出一种基于通用PC架构的测量方法,以时间戳计数器取代系统时钟作为时间源,在此基础上通过测量双端主机CPU上电时间差、CPU频率差和对测量结果进行纠斜的方式纠正测量误差,避免了双端主机操作系统时间不同步对时延测量带来的影响.并通过在互联网进行实验测量,验证该方法的实际效果.测量结果表明,该方法能够有效测量单向时延,且结果稳定,计算简单,适于实时监测.     

单向时延测量的时钟同步技术及测量方法

单向时延测量是分析和评价网络端到端性能的重要参数,主机之间的时钟偏移和时钟频差会给单向时延测量引入不可忽视的误差.针对传统消除时钟频差中线性规划法对误差判别和处理数据量的不足,提出了极限类比的方法来估计时钟频差系数,并采用类PTP技术构造时钟同步来消除时钟偏移对测量结果的影响,本方法相比传统线性规划法有计算复杂度小、计算快捷的优点,在网络时延固定变化时,该方法更能准确反映网络时延变化,最后针对实际的网络时延测量结果进行了分析,验证了该方法的通用性和可行性.     

基于FPGA和DSP网络单向时延测量系统设计与实现

时延是了解网络运行状态,评价网络QoS的重要指标。本文在研究CoMPACT网络单向时延测量方法的基础上,提出了一种无需使用GPS就可以实现高精度时钟同步的方法;设计并研制了由FPGA、EPM7128、晶振DM9000、D5509和SD存储卡等组成的测量系统,实现了端到端网络时延测量,结果表明网络时延的大小会受到交换机的处理能力、传输路径的远近以及网络负载情况的影响。     

面向单向延迟测量的时钟同步技术研究

为测量网络传输中的单向延迟等性能参数以准确提供和分析网络的性能状况,时钟同步的精度要求已非时钟同步协议(NTP)所能完成。该文对近年来出现的各种针对此问题的时钟同步技术研究和实现展开综述性陈述,并在此基础上提出Altair&Vega(A&V)方法。该方法修正了Moon方法中理论推导的欠妥之处,建立两主机之间同步模型,能提供高精度的相对时钟偏移修正。     

时延测量中估算时钟时滞的方法

时延测量是分析网络性能的一个重要因素。在实际测量中,由于终端系统的时钟不能完全同步,尤其是存在时钟时滞,将导致时延测量的不精确性,严重的会误导对网络性能的分析。本文通过对时延测量,特别是对单向时延的具体研究,提出了一种行之有效的且较为简单的时钟时滞的估算算法,并验证了算法的可行性和总结了它的优点。     

Internet网络时延测量中的时钟同步算法

针对单向网络性能测量过程中存在的时钟同步问题，提出了基于法向距离最小的优化目标。该文根据优化目标推导了时钟同步优化算法，从而提高单向网络时延测量的精确性。并针对一个实际的网络时延测量结果进行了分析，验证了该算法的有效性。     

网络主机时钟相对漂移模型研究

时钟同步是网络测量、管理的要求,由于时钟漂移现象的存在,难以实现精确的时钟同步。论文采用相对时钟代替绝对时钟,分析主机时钟相对漂移,建立了主机时钟相对漂移的线性模型,并由此推导出单向延迟修正模型。通过局域网范围内的主机时钟相对漂移和东南大学和瑞士之间的国际信道两端主机时钟漂移建立模型发现,相对漂移线性模型能很好地反映时钟漂移现象,并能够对两主机间的单向延迟进行修正。以相对时钟代替绝对时钟大大提高了时钟测量精度,减少了时钟同步的次数,降低了网络带宽的负担和主机资源的利用。     

基于通用PC架构的高精度网络时延测量方法

时延是准确测量时延抖动、带宽等网络性能指标的基础.目前的时延测量方法由于存在时钟误差和位置误差因而精度较差.提出一种改进的时延测量方法,以TSC(time stamp counter)寄存器取代系统时钟计时来消除测量的时钟误差,将时间戳记录位置由应用程序转移到网卡驱动来消除位置误差,极大地提高了时延测量精度.实验结果表明,与传统方法相比,不同包长度下,所提出的方法可降低测量误差21%～150%,且测量结果稳定,对系统吞吐量基本无影响.该方法基于通用PC架构,测量成本低,适于普遍采用.     

单向延迟测量的在线实时时钟调整检测算法

在网络单向性能指标分析中,使用软件方法对单向延迟时间序列进行分析,在线检测时钟调整位置,消除端系统间的时钟偏差,实现在线时钟同步是提供准确网络单向测量的前提保证.根据端系统间单向时延的结构特征,分析时延在大扰动的情况下,使用滑动窗和自底向上算法进行在线实时时间序列分段来检测时钟调整,存在的分段不准确问题.提出一种基于离线分段和在线检测的时钟调整检测算法,其时间复杂度为O（w）,解决了对单向延迟的时间序列进行实时分段准确性低的问题.仿真及实际测试实验表明,该算法是行之有效的.     

一种双参数拓扑推测方法

针对采用单一性能参数推测网络拓扑结构算法的问题, 如有效性与网络负载有关以及测量节点性能参数时大多需要节点间时钟的同步等, 在现有的测量方法基础上, 提出了一种不需要节点间时钟同步可以测量端到端时延抖动和丢包相关性的紧接分组对序列测量方法, 同时设计了一种综合端到端时延抖动和丢包相关性的双参数拓扑推测算法, 该算法能够适应不同的网络负载环境。最后通过NS-2仿真实验验证了该算法的有效性和准确性。     

单向延迟测量中时钟动态性检测算法

延迟是评价网络性能的重要指标,也是进行其他网络性能指标测量的基础.基于全球定位系统(GPS)的端到端(end-to-end)时钟同步是测量网络单向指标的常用方法,但是其代价昂贵且缺乏灵活性.在无端到端时钟同步机制下进行网络单向延迟指标测量的关键是消除时钟偏差效应的影响.基于对时间序列分段技术的分析,提出了一种新的时间序列分段标准与改进的分段算法,实现序列的自动聚类,其时间复杂度为O(N²).将该算法应用于检测端到端时钟的动态性,识别测量过程中时钟跳变和时钟频率调整位置,实现对网络单向延迟的测量,弱化了同类工作中对时钟动态性的严格假设.同时提出了基于滑动窗的在线实时时钟动态性检测算法.实际测试实验表明,该算法是行之有效的.     

A model based approach for improving router geolocation

This study outlines two novel techniques which can be used in the area of IP geolocation. First we introduce a detailed path-latency model to be able to determine the overall propagation delays along the network paths more accurately. The knowledge of accurate propagation delay values then leads to more precise geographic distance estimation between hosts and measurement nodes. Besides these distance values the evaluation process also takes into account the discovered topology between the measurement points, and end-to-end latency measurements as well. In addition to the application of the detailed path-latency model, we describe a method which utilizes high-precision one-way delay measurements to further increase the accuracy of router geolocation techniques. The precise one-way delay values are used as a “path-constraint” to limit the overall geographic distance between the measurement nodes. This approach can be used to localize all the network routers along the network path between the measurement nodes, but cannot be applied to end-host localization. The techniques introduced in this paper are validated in wide range of experiments performed in the ETOMIC measurement infrastructure and in PlanetLab.     

一种端到端的有效带宽测量方法

有效带宽测量在服务器选择、覆盖网络路由选择和网络流量工程等方面有广泛的应用。通过分析发送频率与单向延时之间的关系,提出了一种基于多项式拟合的有效带宽测量方法PFAB（Polynomial Fitting for Available Bandwidth）。PFAB通过发送探测速率逐渐下降的探测包,并检测OWD的变化,推断探测速率和有效带宽之间的关系。当探测速率大于有效带宽时,OWD持续增长;在探测速率等于有效带宽时,OWD达到最大值,之后开始下降。NS-2仿真实验结果表明该方法能有效减少探测包数量,缩短探测时间,并且对网络造成的干扰小;在探测包瞬时频率变化较大时,可以快速到极值点,减少测量误差。     

One-way queuing delay measurement and its application on detecting DDoS attack

This paper presents a novel approach to measure and estimate end-to-end one-way queuing delay in a network, which carries information about traffic characteristics and congestion properties. The measurement results can be used to describe the normal behavior of the network and detect distributed denial-of-service attacks (DDoS attacks). The measurement does not require any synchronization between the two measurement ends. Pairs of probe packets are sent from the source to the destination and intra-gaps between the probes are separately measured at the two ends. By performing an iterative Fourier-to-time reconstruction algorithm on the measured intra-gaps, distribution of the end-to-end one-way queuing delay is estimated. The packet loss rate and delay jitter are simultaneously measured as well. The simulations and experiments are conducted to validate the approach.     

On the Accuracy of Packet Delay Estimation in Distributed Service Networks

Packet delay (either one-way time or round-trip time) is a very important metric for measuring the performance of networks in a highly dynamic environment such as the Internet. Many network applications are also sensitive to packet delay or delay variation for ensuring an acceptable level of quality in providing network-based services such as VoIP, multimedia streaming, etc. A very important property of packet delay is that it is very dynamic and therefore should be measured frequently with measurement results being updated on a timely basis. Measurement of packet delay has thus generated a great deal of interest in the past years and a lot of research has been performed in the development of measurement architecture as well as specific measurement techniques. However, how to reduce network overhead resulting from measurement while achieving a reasonable level of accuracy still remains a challenge. In this paper, we propose to use delay estimation as an alternative to delay measurement for reducing measurement overhead and, in particular, examine the level of accuracy that delay estimation can achieve. With delay estimation, measurement nodes can be dynamically selected and activated and other nodes can share measurement results by performing delay estimation, thus reducing measurement overhead while supporting the dynamic requirement for delay measurement. Consequently, while measurement overhead can be reduced by activating only a subset of network nodes to perform actual measurement, desired accuracy can be achieved by exploring the correlation between delays as well as by sharing measurement results to do delay estimation based on such a correlation. We illustrate how packet delays of network nodes can correlate to each other based on topological properties and show how delays can be estimated based on such a correlation to meet accuracy requirements, which would make delay measurement in the Internet highly dynamic and adaptable to the accuracy requirements and measurement results highly reliable. We also show how delay estimation can be applied by presenting three application scenarios as well as an example to demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of delay estimation in the measurement of packet delays.     

具有状态和测量时滞不确定系统的鲁棒H∞状态估计

考虑一类已知状态和测量时滞且范数有界参数不确定连续时间系统的鲁棒H∞状态估计问题.这个问题解的充分条件由二个代数Riccati不等式给出,它可以保证存在一个渐近稳定状态估计器使得对于所有不确定性从外界干扰到输出估计误差的传递函数满足指定的H∞指标.以上这些结果可以推广到一类未知状态和测量时滞且范数有界参数不确定连续系统的鲁棒H∞状态估计问题,对于已知状态和测量时滞系统,所得状态估计器与参数不确定性无关,而与时滞有关.对于未知状态和测量时滞系统,其状态估计器不仅与参数不确定性无关,而且与时滞也无关.     

ENDE: An End-to-end Network Delay Emulator Tool for Multimedia Protocol Development

Multimedia applications and protocols are constantly being developed to run over the Internet. A new protocol or application after being developed has to be tested on the real Internet or simulated on a testbed for debugging and performance evaluation. In this paper, we present a novel tool, ENDE, that can emulate end-to-end delays between two hosts without requiring access to the second host. The tool enables the user to test new multimedia protocols realistically on a single machine. In a delay-observing mode, ENDE can generate accurate traces of one-way delays between two hosts on the network. In a delay-impacting mode, ENDE can be used to simulate the functioning of a protocol or an application as if it were running on the network. We will show that ENDE allows accurate estimation of one-way transit times and hence can be used even when the forward and reverse paths are asymmetric between the two hosts. Experimental results are also presented to show that ENDE is fairly accurate in the delay-impacting mode.