中国明对虾线粒体MnSOD在大肠杆菌中的重组表达、产物纯化及活性测定

采用PCR方法扩增编码中国明对虾线粒体锰超氧化物歧化酶(MnSOD)成熟肽的基因,并克隆到大肠杆菌表达载体pCRR T7/NT TOPOR TA中进行体外重组表达.重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21 (DE3) pLysS后,经IPTG诱导表达产生包涵体形式的目的蛋白.对重组蛋白进行 LC-ESI-MS 分析的结果表明,融合蛋白的三个肽段与中国明对虾线粒体MnSOD 相应肽段完全一致.将重组蛋白通过金属螯合柱进行纯化,进而透析、复性,最后获得了活性高达2373U/mg的重组蛋白.中国明对虾线粒体MnSOD的成功表达,为深入研究其在中国明对虾免疫反应和抗氧化胁迫中的作用奠定了基础.     

鲮生长激素cDNA的克隆及其重组表达产物的促生长活性

利用RT PCR技术从鲮脑垂体组织中克隆出生长激素cDNA片段 ,克隆的mcGH全长 5 6 7bp ,编码由 188个氨基酸残基组成的GH成熟肽。构建了表达载体pQE30 mcGH ,转化大肠杆菌M15 (pREP4 ) ,在初步优化发酵条件的基础上实现了鲮mcGH在大肠杆菌中的高效表达 ,表达的重组蛋白占菌体总蛋白的 32 13% ,经westernblotting分析证实所表达的重组蛋白是mcGH。表达产物主要以包涵体的形式存在。重组蛋白变性、复性后 ,经Ni chelatingSepharose亲和层析纯化 ,SDS PAGE显示 ,纯化的mcGH纯度约为 94 %。纯化的mcGH腹腔注射莫桑比克罗非鱼 (Oreochromismossambicus) ,经 4周处理后 ,实验组 1和 2的体长增长率分别比对照组快 9 38%和 9 75 % ,体重增长率分别快 2 3 4 2 %和 6 2 4 8%。经t检验统计分析表明 ,表达的重组mcGH具有显著的促罗非鱼生长作用 (P <0 0 5 )。     

真鲷肿瘤坏死因子(TNFα)基因的体外重组与纯化研究

将真鲷肿瘤坏死因子(TNFα)基因的成熟肽区域克隆到表达载体pQE30中,并转化到大肠杆菌XL-blue中进行表达。转化子经载体和基因特异性引物进行PCR双向筛选,并将筛选到的阳性克隆经质粒纯化后,进行序列测定。序列测定结果显示,该基因结构正确,且准确插入到表达载体启动子的下游,获得了结构和组成正确的重组子。重、组子经IPTG诱导后,以SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定,电泳结果表明,该基因在大肠杆菌XL-blue中实现了表达。通过对诱导条件的调整,在体外获得了高效表达的重组蛋白,高效表达的重组蛋白约占菌体蛋白的25％-30％。不同诱导时间对重组蛋白影响实验显示,随诱导时间的增加,重组蛋白产量逐渐增高,经4h诱导,其表达量可以达到平台期,过长时间的诱导,对表达产量没有影响。重组蛋白经镍金属亲和层析纯化,获得了纯度较高的重组蛋白。采用交换缓冲液的方法,用Sephadex G150,对重组蛋白进行脱盐复性,使重组蛋白得到了进一步纯化。     

牙鲆生长激素基因的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的融合表达

采用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)方法,从牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)脑垂体总RNA中扩增出编码牙鲆生长素(GH)成熟肽基因序列。重组至融合表达载体pGEX-4T-3中,构建成牙鲆GH基因融合表达载体pGEX-gh,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DF3),筛选阳性克隆,IVIG诱导表达。经SDS-PAGE电泳显示在45kD处有特异的蛋白条带出现,该蛋白的表达量随诱导时间的延长而增加,3h达最高值,达到细胞总蛋白的18．3％。该融合蛋白在胞内主要以包涵体状态存在,经优化表达条件,成功地获得了可溶性的融合蛋白,经Glutathione Sepharase 4B凝胶纯化后用Western-blotting检测表明其为牙鲆生长激素,并通过酶联免疫吸附受体法证实其具有生物学活性。     

抗CD3基因工程嵌合抗体片段Fab′的构建、表达和活性测定

PCR扩增抗CD3单抗轻链可变区(VL)和重链可变(VH)片段基因,将其重组到Fab ′表达载体中,构建成抗CD3嵌合抗体Fab′表达载体,转化大肠杆菌16C9进行可溶性表达 . 产物经蛋白G亲和层析柱纯化.免疫荧光竞争结合实验和3H掺入实验证实能与小鼠抗CD3 IgG HIT3a竞争性结合表达CD3的T淋巴细胞,并促进细胞增殖.     

八肋游仆虫一种富含谷氨酸的蛋白GARP的表达与纯化

为研究游仆虫中含有三核苷酸重复序列的GARP基因编码的GARP蛋白在细胞中的功能,利用定点突变技术,将GARP基因中的TGA突变为通用半胱氨酸密码子TGT.突变后的GARP基因构建于原核表达载体pRSETc中,得到重组质粒pRSETc-GARP,将pRSETc-GARP质粒转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,经IPTG诱导,带有纯化标签的重组蛋白His6-GARP获得可溶表达,表达产物与抗His抗体在约26 kDa处有很强的交叉反应.His6-GARP蛋白在不同pH条件下通过两次阴离子交换层析和一次凝胶层析三步纯化达到电泳纯.     

抗CD3基因工程嵌合抗体片段Fab‘的构建,表达和活性测定

ＰＣＲ扩增抗ＣＤ３单抗轻链可变区和重链可变片段基因，将其重组到Ｆａｂ’表达载体中，构建成抗ＣＤ３嵌合抗体Ｆａｂ’表达载体，转化大肠杆菌１６９Ｃ９进行可溶性表达。产物经蛋白Ｇ亲和层析柱纯化。免疫荧光竞争结合实验和＾３Ｈ反故实验证实能与小鼠抗ＣＤ３ＩｇＧＨＩＴ３ａ竞争性结合表达ＣＤ３的Ｔ淋巴细胞，并促进细胞增殖。     

吸血蝙蝠纤溶酶原激活剂α2的原核表达及抗体制备

利用人工合成的吸血蝙蝠唾液纤溶酶原激活剂α2(DSPAα2)基因,研究了其在细菌中的表达及表达产物的纯化和抗体制备.首先人工合成DSPAα2基因,并构建原核表达载体转化大肠杆菌.经IPTG诱导后,DSPAα2在细菌中得到了高效表达.SDS-PAGE结果显示,以包涵体的形式存在的DSPAα2重组蛋白占到细菌总蛋白的32%.包涵体裂解后经亲合层析柱纯化,100mL菌液中能得到2.2mg纯的重组蛋白.用纯化的DSPAα2分别免疫大鼠和小鼠,经ELISA检测,获得了效价达到1∶12800以上的高质量的抗血清.Western blot结果显示抗体能与DSPAα2特异性地结合.     

离子强度对于牛精蛋白在大肠杆菌中的表达的影响

通过基因合成将大肠杆菌偏好的精氨酸密码子CGT取代野生型牛精蛋白基因中的稀有精氨酸密码子AGA和AGG，得到密码子优化的牛精蛋白基因，并将其克隆入原核表达载体pGEX-2T中，组装成表达载体pGEX-2T-PS。将这个表达载体转化入大肠杆菌表达菌株BL21中，经IPTG诱导，可得到一33kD融合蛋白表达带，首次成功地将牛精蛋白在大肠杆菌中进行了表达，但其表达量很低，约为总菌体蛋白的13％。增加表遂菌株培养液的离子强度，可将蛋白表达含量提高到28％，且蛋白表达量与离子强度呈正相关。纯化后的牛精蛋白可在体外条件下与DNA发生结合。     

高纯度白喉毒素突变体CRM197的制备及鉴定

为了制备高纯度的白喉毒素无毒突变体CRM197,可作为载体蛋白用于细菌性结合疫苗开发,对CRM197基因进行大肠杆菌密码子优化,并克隆至表达载体pET28a(+）中,将鉴定正确的重组质粒pET28a-CRM197转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导表达,并分析其表达形式及表达条件的优化。再对表达的重组CRM197蛋白进行纯化,最后对纯化的CRM197进行WB、纯度、分子量和圆二色谱等检测项目的初步鉴定分析。PCR酶切和测序鉴定结果表明重组质粒pET28a-CRM197构建成功,将其转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,获得重组工程菌(E.coli(DE3/p28a/197)。该重组工程菌发酵的最佳接种量为5%～10%(v/v),且主要以包涵体形式表达,收获的菌体在高压均质机破碎压力为1 000 bar的条件下进行破碎,然后利用6 mol/L盐酸胍进行溶解变性,复性及经30 kD超滤膜包超滤后上纯化系统AKTA pure150 M,经一步阴离子交换层析进行纯化,其纯度可达98%以上,WB、分子量及圆二色谱等鉴定结果均与标准品一致。综上所述,成功建立大肠菌表达系统CRM197制备...     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...