两种镍基合金喷焊层的相分布与热疲劳性能

利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪及透射电子显微镜观察分析了含Cu和Mo(Ni-A)、不含Cu和Mo(Ni-B)两种镍基合金喷焊层样品的组织、相分布和成分分布,分别测定了基体部位、热影响区、结合区及涂层内的显微硬度. 利用高频加热炉对两种喷焊层进行了热疲劳实验,对经热疲劳实验后喷焊层微观组织进行了观察,分析了喷焊层内的相分布和成分分布状态,探讨了热疲劳裂纹产生和扩展的过程及规律. 结果表明:两种喷焊层内均有针状富Cr第二相弥散分布,具有较好的热疲劳性能. Ni-A样品喷焊层可以分成两个区域:在靠近基体的区域均匀地分布着块状富Cr第二相;在离表层200μm左右的区域内分布有针状富Cr第二相,体积比块状富Cr第二相小几十倍. Ni-B样品喷焊层内只有针状富Cr第二相,在整个喷焊层内均匀分布. Ni-A样品喷焊层由于过渡区域的存在,具有比Ni-B样品喷焊层更好的热疲劳性能. 热疲劳实验前后样品的EDS分析结果表明两种喷焊层内的各相有较好的热稳定性.     

火焰喷焊件喷焊层耐磨性的研究

通过工艺试验、耐磨试验和显微组织观察分析，研究了火焰喷焊件的耐磨性，结果表明喷焊层中起耐磨作用的主要是弥散分布在整个喷焊层内的硬质相．喷焊合金的耐磨性与硬质相的硬度成正比．建议对喷焊合金标注基体硬度和主要硬质相硬度两个硬度值．     

喷焊层的相分析及磨损行为研究

本文研究 Ni—Cr—B—Si—Fe 及 Ni—Cr—B—Si—Fe—Re 系列喷焊层硬质相及磨损行为.试验结果表明:喷焊层是由奥氏体固溶体及硬质相构成,在磨损过程中硬质相起到强化作用,未加稀土的喷焊层中硬质相比加稀土的粗大,且偏聚.因此,耐磨性不如加稀土的.     

新型高铝铜合金喷焊层的组织与形成过程

利用等离子喷焊技术在45#钢表面制备新型高铝铜合金(Cu-14Al-X)喷焊层.采用光学显微镜、场发射扫描电镜(SEM)、电子探针显微分析仪(EPMA)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)研究喷焊层金相组织特征、宏观硬度和显微硬度、喷焊层与基体的结合特点以及喷焊层形成过程.结果表明,该合金粉末喷焊层的重熔过程具有快速凝固的特征.在重结晶过程中,富含Fe、Co等元素的高熔点、高硬度相首先析出,在喷焊层中形成硬质相,使得合金喷焊层的宏观硬度和显微硬度均较普通铜合金涂层高,宏观硬度高达261 HV,显微硬度高达424.2 HV.     

镍基碳化钨喷焊涂层组织与磨损性能研究

采用带有能谱仪的扫描电镜、X射线衍射和透射电镜技术分析了氧乙炔火焰喷焊WC 增强镍基自熔性合金复合涂层的组织结构,并采用湿砂橡胶轮式磨粒磨损实验机对该涂层、镀铬层以及Q235钢进行了抗磨粒磨损性能测试.结果表明,复合喷焊层的结构为在γ-Ni 固溶体基体上较均匀的分布着颗粒较粗的WC粒子和弥散分布着大量细小的碳(硼)化物硬质相,这些细小的硬质相主要是Cr7C3,Cr23C6和Ni3B等.在相同的实验条件下,镀铬层和Q235钢的磨损失重分别为喷焊层的1.86倍和29.8倍.     

细WC添加量对Ni基WC喷焊涂层性能的影响

采用金相显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析了氧乙炔火焰喷焊WC含量不同的Ni基WC涂层的显微组织和相结构,采用湿砂橡胶轮式磨粒磨损实验机对各涂层的抗磨粒磨损性能进行了比较研究,并采用扫描电镜观察了喷焊粉末的形貌和喷焊层的磨损形貌.结果表明,喷焊层的组织为在γ-Ni固溶体基体上弥散分布着细小的碳(硼)化物硬质相,这些细小的硬质相主...     

自蔓延喷焊耐磨涂层的基础研究

采用铝热自蔓延高温合成法在钢板表面进行喷焊，研究不同用量自熔性合金粉末所制得的喷焊层的组织及性能，分析了合金元素对基体组织和性能的影响。结果表明：自熔性合金粉末熔化后向基体和喷焊层扩散，在喷焊层中形成大量碳化物，在基体表层形成大片珠光体，大大提高了喷焊层和基体的硬度及耐磨性。将自蔓延用于喷焊，该方法切实可行。     

等离子喷焊Mo-Fe-Cr-B合金覆层的组织性能研究

采用等离子喷焊法在Q235钢表面熔敷一层Mo-Fe-Cr-B合金覆层,借助光学显微镜、SEM、EDS、XRD、显微硬度计及电化学工作站等对该覆层的组织结构及性能进行表征分析。结果表明,Mo-Fe-Cr-B合金覆层组织由均匀分布的α-Fe、Mo_2FeB_2、(Mo,Cr,Fe)_3B_2和(Cr,Fe)7C3等相组成;覆层与Q235钢基体形成良好的冶金结合,在熔合线附近存在元素的相互扩散;覆层显微硬度最高可达871HV0.3,其为Q235钢基体硬度的4倍;覆层耐腐蚀性能强于Q235钢及Ni60覆层。     

等离子熔覆镍基合金的组织及其冲蚀磨损性能

为提高不锈钢材料的耐冲蚀磨损性能,以Ni46合金粉末为原料, 采用等离子熔覆工艺在不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti基材上制备镍基合金涂层,分析了熔覆层的显微组织以及物相形貌和相结构等,测定了涂层的显微硬度. 使用旋转圆盘实验机研究了Ni基等离子熔覆合金涂层在砂浆中的冲蚀行为. 结果表明: 材料的冲蚀磨损性能受到材料基本力学性能的限制,高硬度镍基涂层的抗冲蚀性能最好,在相同实验条件下其磨损率由小到大排列顺序为镍基涂层＞0Cr13Ni5Mo＞1Cr18Ni9Ti;镍合金层中奥氏体基体的固溶强化和硬质相有效抵御砂砾的冲击,是Ni基等离子熔覆合金层具有高抗冲蚀性能的主要原因.     

氧—乙炔喷焊技术对水轮机叶片钢的表面强化研究

本文就氧-乙炔热喷焊技术对水轮机叶片(OrCl3Ni4Mo钢)的表面强化作了初步探讨和实验研究。测定了自熔性合金粉末Ni60喷焊层与基体(OCr13Ni4Mo)间的结合强度和在不同介质中的耐腐蚀性能。实验结。果证明:在OCr13Ni4Mo钢表面喷焊Ni60自熔性合金粉末进行强化是可行的。喷焊后可显著提高基体的耐腐蚀性能和抗磨损性能。     

铝合金表面机械球磨Ni-Al-Mo复合涂层的制备及其摩擦特性研究

通过机械球磨方法在铝合金表面制备了Ni-Al-Mo复合涂层,对涂层微观组织、组成成分和摩擦学性能等进行了分析.结果表明:经过7 h机械球磨制备的Ni-Al-Mo复合涂层内元素均匀分布;550℃退火后涂层中均有Al3 Ni金属间化合物新相生成;复合涂层中Al3 Ni和Mo的存在使得涂层硬度高于铝合金基体和Ni-Al涂层,...     

Mo含量对铁基熔覆层组织及性能的影响

为改善铁基熔覆层组织的均匀性,提高其耐磨性能,利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、显微硬度计和磨损试验机,研究了Mo元素对铁基熔覆层组织及性能的影响。结果表明,不添加Mo的熔覆层主要由奥氏体和针状碳化物（M₇C₃）组成,熔覆层组织不均匀,整体硬度波动大,耐磨性较差,磨损过程中出现了大范围剥落;添加Mo元素后,熔覆层组织均匀细化,强化相（M₇C₃及Fe₇Mo₃）主要呈网状分布,整体硬度较为均匀,其中Mo添加量为10%时熔覆层的耐磨性能最好,较基体提升了1.76倍。因此,加入Mo元素可以改善铁基熔覆层组织的均匀性及耐磨性,研究结果可为提升材料表面的耐磨性提供理论参考。     

化学镀镍硼合金镀层组织形态及其形成机制

基于化学镀镍硼合金镀层的组织形态和成分、结构．探讨了镍硼合金镀层的沉积规律．分析表明，镀层在侧向和纵向上的相对沉积速度快慢是影响镀层组织形态的关键因素．柱状组织的形成原因是由于纵向沉积速度相对较快，该组织镀层含镍量相对较高，结构是非晶晶态混合结构；圆粒状组织是在侧向、纵向沉积速度较接近的条件下形成的，其成分中硼的含量相对较高，镀层结构趋于完全非晶态．     

Effect of aging temperature on the microstructures and mechanical properties of ZG12Cr9Mo1Co1NiVNbNB ferritic heat-resistant steel

The effect of aging on the mechanical properties and microstructures of a new ZG12Cr9Mo1Co1NiVNbNB ferritic heat resistant steel was investigated in this work to satisfy the high steam parameters of the ultra-supercritical power plant. The results show that the main precipitates during aging are Fe(Cr, Mo)₂₃C₆, V(Nb)C, and (Fe₂Mo) Laves in the steel. The amounts of the precipitated phases increase during aging, and correspondingly, the morphologies of phases are similar to be round. Fe(Cr, Mo)₂₃C₆ appears along boundaries and grows with increasing temperature. In addition, it is revealed that the martensitic laths are coarsened and eventually happen to be polygonization. The hardness and strength decrease gradually, whereas the plasticity of the steel increases. What’s more, the hardness of this steel after creep is similar to that of other 9%–12%Cr ferritic steels. Thus, ZG12Cr9Mo1Co1NiVNbNB can be used in the project.     

超音速火焰喷涂WC-12Co涂层的滑动磨损特性

利用超音速火焰喷涂工艺在铜基复合材料表面制备WC-12Co涂层. 分析了涂层的微观结构、相组成和含量以及表面和截面硬度,并对涂层的摩擦磨损性能进行测试. 结果表明:涂层组织和截面硬度分布均匀,耐磨性好,摩擦过程中会形成两种摩擦膜. 磨损率随载荷增加而呈增大趋势,随转速的增加呈先减小后增大的趋势. 涂层最适用的环境为300 ~500 r· min-1和2~3 N,磨损率与滑动速度间的回归方程满足一元二次函数;磨损率与载荷间的回归方程满足指数方程.     

Microstructure and corrosion resistance of Fe/Mo composite amorphous coatings prepared by air plasma spraying

Fe/Mo composite coatings were prepared by air plasma spraying (APS) using Fe-based and Mo-based amorphous and nanocrystalline mixed powders. Microstructural studies show that the composite coatings present a layered structure with low porosity due to adding the self-bonded Mo-based alloy. Corrosion behaviors of the composite coatings, the Fe-based coatings and the Mo-based coatings were investigated by electrochemical measurements and salt spray tests. Electrochemical results show that the composite coatings exhibit a lower polarization current density and higher corrosion potentials than the Fe-based coating when tested in 3.5wt% NaCl solutions, indicating superior corrosion resistance compared with the Fe-based coating. Also with the increase in addition of the Mo-based alloy, a raised corrosion resistance, inferred by an increase in corrosion potential and a decrease in polarization current density, can be found. The results of salt spray tests again show that the corrosion resistance is enhanced by adding the Mo-based alloy, which helps to reduce the porosity of the composite coatings and enhance the stability of the passive films.     

Reliability evaluation of hardness test methods of hardfacing coatings with hypoeutectic and hypereutectic microstructures

Hardfacing coatings involve hard carbide/boride phases dispersed in a relatively soft steel matrix. For the hardness measurements of hardfacing coatings, depending on the microstructure, both the hardness test method and the applied load affect the hardness results; therefore, they affect the wear performance predictions of the coating. For this reason, the proper hardness test method should be determined according to the microstructure of the coating, and the reliability of the obtained hardness data should be established. This study aimed to determine the most suitable hardness test method for hypoeutectic and hypereutectic microstructures of hardfacing coatings by analyzing the reliability of Rockwell-C and Vickers hardness test results. Reliability analyses showed that Rockwell-C is not a suitable hardness test method for hypereutectic hardfacing coatings. Based on the relationship between wear resistance and hardness, Vickers hardness method was found more suitable for the considered materials.     

锰钒高铬铸铁的深冷硬化行为及机理研究

采用X射线衍射、金相分析、硬度测定等方法研究了锰钒高铬铸铁经深冷处理后的硬化行为和硬化机理．结果表明，锰钒高铬铸铁在亚临界处理（400～650℃）后再深冷处理的过程中，硬度先升高后下降，其整体硬度显著高于未经深冷处理的试样．显微组织分析表明，深冷处理使锰钒高铬铸铁的残余奥氏体含量下降，马氏体含量增多，同时析出了大量的细...     

Microstructure and wear behavior of Mo–60Si–5B coating doped with 0.5 ​at% La by spark plasma sintering

Mo–60Si–5B coating doped with 0.5 ?at% La was prepared on niobium silicon based alloy by spark plasma sintering. The microstructure and wear behavior of the 0.5La–Mo–60Si–5B (0.5La-MSB) coating were investigated. The results show that the mean grain sizes of the Mo–60Si–5B (0La-MSB) and 0.5La-MSB coatings are calculated to be 3.27 ?μm and 2.85 ?μm, respectively. The addition of La plays a role of refining the grains of 0.5La-MSB coating. The specific wear rate of 0.5La-MSB coating is decreased by up to 26.8% at the oscillation frequency of 20 ?Hz and the sliding load of 11 ?N compared to 0La-MSB coating. The anti-friction performance of Mo–60Si–5B coating is modified by the addition of 0.5 ?at.% La. The improvement of anti-friction performance of the Mo–60Si–5B coating is due to the increased hardness and the provided lubrication function by La₂O₃.