用KF／Al2O3催化合成肉桂酸的研究

采用KF/Al2O3催化剂催化合成肉桂酸。用新催化剂催化反应可以降低反应温度，缩短反应时间，提高肉桂酸的产率，探索出了最佳反应条件；当反应温度控制在160℃，苯甲醛和乙酸酐的摩尔比1：3，用6.0gKF/Al2O3催化反应1.0h，得到肉桂酸的产率为85.4%。     

用KF/Al2O3催化合成肉桂酸的研究

采用KF/Al2O3催化剂催化合成肉桂酸.用新催化剂催化反应可以降低反应温度,缩短反应时间,提高肉桂酸的产率.探索出了最佳反应条件当反应温度控制在160℃,苯甲醛和乙酸酐的摩尔比1∶3,用6.0 g KF/Al2O3催化反应1.0 h,得到肉桂酸的产率为85.4%.     

K2O/Al2O3固体碱催化合成肉桂酸

以K2O/Al2O3固体碱为催化剂,催化苯甲醛与醋酐反应合成了肉桂酸.探讨了催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、反应物配比、不同种类和不同方法制备的催化剂对产品收率的影响.结果表明,以K2O/Al2O3为催化剂的最佳反应条件为:固体碱用量5.0 g,反应时间1 h,反应温度160℃,苯甲醛0.05 mol,苯甲醛与醋酐摩尔比1:3.最佳合成条件下肉桂酸产率达65.4%.不同方法制得的催化剂以微波制备的较好.     

甘油水蒸汽重整制氢Ni、Co、Fe催化剂的研究

采用等体积浸渍法制备了催化剂,研究了Ni/Al2O3,Fe/Al2O3,CoMo/Al2O3和NiCo/Al2O3催化剂对甘油水蒸汽重整制氢反应的催化效果,对催化剂进行BET、TPR、XRD表征,以氢产率为实验指标对催化剂进行了评价。研究结果表明,CoMo/Al2O3催化剂在温度650℃氢产率6.02。NiCo/Al2O3催化剂在温度600℃、水醇比16、液空速0.12 h-1条件下的氢产率为6.08。催化剂活性次序为NiCo/Al2O3Co-Mo/Al2O3Ni/Al2O3Fe/Al2O3。     

KF/γ-Al2O3型固体超强碱催化合成肉桂酸的研究

苯甲醛与乙酐的Perkin反应合成肉桂酸，首次采用KF/γ-Al2O3固体超强碱催化剂，降低了反应温度，明显缩短了反应时间，最佳反应条件为n(苯甲醛)：n(乙酐)=1．0：3．0，反应时间1．5h，反应温度160℃，催化剂用量为苯甲醛质量的0．5％，所得的肉桂酸的产率可达81％以上。该催化剂具有较高的催化活性，易于回收，可重复使用5次以上。     

氯硅烷中甲基二氯硅烷的转化反应工艺 急

为了除去多晶硅原料中主要含碳杂质甲基二氯硅烷，通过催化反应将其转化为高沸点物质甲基三氯硅烷。采用浸渍法制备了Pd/Al2O3催化剂，采用X射线荧光光谱（XRF）、X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、N2吸附脱附（BET）、光电子能谱仪（XPS）、H2-脉冲化学吸附等分析手段对催化剂物化性质进行表征。在氯源物质为四氯化碳条件下，利用固定床反应器，对比了制备的Pd/Al2O3催化剂与树脂A催化剂和AlCl3/ Al2O3催化剂的催化效果,考察了Pd/Al2O3催化条件下，反应温度、反应物配比、反应空速及催化剂稳定性对甲基二氯硅烷转化率的影响，得到了最佳工艺条件。Pd/Al2O3催化剂相比于树脂A催化剂和AlCl3/ Al2O3催化剂，Pd/Al2O3催化剂具有更好的催化效果；在反应温度为140℃、n(甲基二氯硅烷):n(四氯化碳)=3:1、反应液时空速为5.0h-1时，甲基二氯硅烷转化率最高可以达到69.76%。     

微波法制备的固体碱催化丁醛自缩合反应

用微波辐射法制备了负载型固体碱催化剂K2 O/γ Al2 O3 、MgO/γ Al2 O3 、KF/γ Al2 O3 、Na2 O/γ Al2 O3 、CaO/γ Al2 O3 和SrO/γ Al2 O3 ,并应用于丁醛的自缩合反应 ,其中K2 O/γ Al2 O3和KF/γ Al2 O3 的活性较好 ,1h产率分别为 5 2 5 %和 4 7 5 %。同时考察了水的浓度及溶剂对反应的影响。结果表明当水的浓度为 1 4mol/L时 ,催化剂的活性最佳 ,而丁醇作为溶剂是几种所用溶剂中最好的一种     

氯硅烷中甲基二氯硅烷的转化反应工艺

为了除去多晶硅原料中主要含碳杂质甲基二氯硅烷,通过催化反应将其转化为高沸点物质甲基三氯硅烷。采用浸渍法制备了Pd/Al2O3催化剂,将其用于催化甲基二氯硅烷的转化。采用XRF、XRD、BET、XPS、H2-脉冲化学吸附技术对催化剂物化性质进行表征。以四氯化碳为氯源,利用固定床反应器,对比了Pd/Al2O3催化剂、树脂A催化剂及Al Cl3/Al2O3催化剂的催化效果。重点考察了反应温度、反应物物质的量比、反应液时空速及催化剂稳定性对甲基二氯硅烷转化率的影响,得到了最佳工艺条件。相比于树脂A催化剂和Al Cl3/Al2O3催化剂,Pd/Al2O3催化剂具有更好的催化效果;在反应温度为140℃、n(甲基二氯硅烷)∶n(四氯化碳)=3∶1、反应液时空速为5.0 h–1时,甲基二氯硅烷转化率最高可以达到69.76%。     

KF/Al2O3催化菜籽油与甲醇合成生物柴油的研究

用等体积浸渍法制备了KF/Al2O3催化剂,并将其用于菜籽油与甲醇酯交换合成生物柴油的研究.考察了反应条件、优化了合成工艺,结果表明制得的KF/Al2O3催化剂在适宜的条件下合成生物柴油的产率达96.7%,同时提出了合成反应的机理.     

TiSiW12O40/TiO2催化合成肉桂酸正戊酯

报道了以固载杂多酸盐TiSiW12O40/TiO2为多相催化剂，对以肉桂酸和正戊醇为原料合成肉桂酸正戊酯的反应条件进行了研究。实验表明：TiSiW12O40/TiO2是合成肉桂酸正戊酯的良好催化剂，最佳反应条件为：n（醇）：n（酸）＝4：1，催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的2．0％，反应时间1．5h，反应温度122℃－126℃。上述条件下，肉桂酸正戊酯的效率可达93．33％。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.