鲜云南松露的挥发性香成分分析

采用顶空固相微萃取(SPME)法和同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)法提取鲜云南松露中的挥发性风味成分,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发性风味成分进行分离鉴定。结果表明,经过GC-MS分析,共鉴定出77种挥发性成分,包括烃类5种、醛类14种、酮类12种、酸类4种、酯类2种、醇酚类10种、醚类2种、含硫含氮及其他杂环化合物28种。其中醛类、醇酚类和含硫含氮及其他杂环化合物对松露的特殊风味有着重要的影响。     

SDE-GC-MS分析柴沟堡熏肉挥发性风味成分

采用同时蒸馏萃取法(simultaneous distillation and extraction,SDE)提取柴沟堡"郭玺"熏肉的挥发性风味成分,结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术(gas chromatogrophymass spectrometry,GC-MS)对其进行分析鉴定。结果共鉴定出82种挥发性成分,其中,烃类17种(相对质量分数8.728 3%),醛类23种(相对质量分数57.723 3%),醇类12种(相对质量分数4.042%),酮类10种(相对质量分数2.719 2%),酯类3种(相对质量分数1.947%),酚类9种(相对质量分数6.237 2%),醚类1种(相对质量分数2.406 4%),杂环化合物7种(相对质量分数2.814 1%)。其中,醛类、酚类、含硫含氮及杂环化合物对熏肉的风味可能有较为显著的影响。     

SPME和SAFE对比分析炸花椒油挥发性风味成分

采用固相微萃取(SPME)和溶剂辅助风味蒸发(SAFE)两种萃取方法结合气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)对炸花椒油的挥发性风味成分进行分析。结果表明,共鉴定出103种挥发性化合物,包括烃类36种、醛类12种、酮类8种、醇类28种、酯类12种、醚类2种、杂环及其他类5种。SPME法和SAFE法萃取出的挥发性风味成分的差异主要体现在烃类、酯类和醚类化合物,SPME法中相对含量较高的酯类化合物和独有的醚类化合物使得其测定结果更接近炸花椒油的风味。     

新疆馕包肉挥发性风味成分的分离与鉴定

为了研究新疆馕包肉中的挥发性风味成分,采用固相微萃取(SPME)法和同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)法提取新疆馕包肉中的挥发性风味成分,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发性风味成分进行分离鉴定。结果表明,共鉴定出69种挥发性风味成分,包括烃类15种、醛类18种、醇类9种、酮类5种、酸类4种、酯类7种、杂环及其他化合物11种。用不同的提取方法得到的结果有所不同,SDE法提取到较多的烃类(19.68%)和醛类(23.7%),SPME法提取到了较多的烃类(14.48%)和醇类(11.34%)。     

ASE-SAFE和SDE-GC-MS分析贾永信腊牛肉的挥发性香气成分

采用加速溶剂萃取-溶剂辅助蒸发法和同时蒸馏萃取法提取贾永信腊牛肉的挥发性香气成分,结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其进行了分析研究。结果表明,共鉴定出82种挥发性香气成分,包括烃类6种、醛类20种、醇类10种、酮类11种、酚类4种、脂肪酸类16种、醚类3种、酯类1种、含硫含氮及杂环化合物11种。两种方法同时检测到的化合物有16种,包括己醛、庚醛、苯甲醛、壬醛、2-糠醇、芳樟醇、α-松油醇、(-)-4-松油烯醇、1-羟基-2-丙酮、乙偶姻、2,3-戊二酮、胡椒酮、丁香酚、桉叶油素、茴香脑和2-甲基四氢呋喃-3-酮。     

SPME-GC-MS和SDE-GC-MS分析无锡酱排骨的挥发性风味成分

采用固相微萃取(SPME)法和同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)法与气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术提取分析无锡酱排骨的挥发性风味成分。共鉴定出76种挥发性风味化合物,其中烃类6种、醛类19种、酮类7种、醇类9种、酚类4种、醚类2种、酸类4种、酯类7种、杂环类化合物18种。两种提取方法共同检测到的化合物有23种,包括D-柠檬烯、己醛、壬醛、糠醛、苯甲醛、苯乙醛、十六醛、2-庚酮、羟基丙酮、2-壬酮、芳樟醇、糠醇、邻甲氧基苯酚、苯乙醇、丁香酚、对烯丙基茴香醚、茴香脑、2-戊基呋喃、甲基吡嗪、2,5-二甲基吡嗪、2,6-二甲基吡嗪、5-甲基呋喃醛、2-乙酰基吡咯。     

新鲜芫荽关键性香气成分的鉴定与分析

采用溶剂辅助风味蒸发法(SAFE),结合气相色谱-质谱联机(GC-MS),通过双柱对新鲜芫荽中的挥发性成分进行了鉴定,并通过谱库检索和保留指数比对,共计从新鲜芫荽中鉴定出化合物87种,其中烃类28种,醛类20种,醇类22种,酸类4种,酯类7种,酮类3种,杂环及其他类3种。通过芳香萃取物稀释分析法(AEDA),结合气相色谱-嗅闻技术(GC-O)对新鲜芫荽进行了分析,共鉴定出21种活性香气成分,其中关键性香气成分有5种[香气稀释因子(FD)≥81],分别是反-2-十二烯醛、反-2-十三烯醛、反-2-十四烯醛、3-甲硫基丙醛、反-2-癸烯醛。     

生韭菜与炒韭菜挥发性风味物质的对比分析

采用溶剂辅助风味蒸发法(SAFE)结合气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS),通过双柱(DB-WAX和DB-5毛细管柱)定性对生韭菜和炒韭菜的挥发性成分进行鉴定,分别检测出83和127种挥发性成分,生韭菜和炒韭菜中物质含量的差异主要体现在酯类和醛类化合物。采用芳香萃取物稀释分析法(AEDA)结合气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱联用仪(GC-O-MS)分析样品,鉴定出生韭菜的关键性香气成分17种〔香气稀释因子(FD)≥27〕,炒韭菜的关键性香气成分10种(FD≥27),其中共有的关键性香气成分为甲基烯丙基二硫醚,具有辛辣、蒜香气味。生韭菜的关键性香气成分主要为硫醚类物质,为生韭菜提供辛辣、酸臭气味。炒韭菜的关键性香气成分主要为醛类和杂环类化合物,为炒韭菜提供烤香、焦香气味。     

鸡肉及其酶解液挥发性风味成分的对比分析

为了研究酶解对鸡肉挥发性风味成分的影响,采用SPME法提取鸡肉及其酶解液中的挥发性风味成分,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术进行分离鉴定。结果显示:鸡肉酶解液共鉴定出63种挥发性风味成分,包括醛类19种、醇类7种、酸类2种、酮类6种、酯类2种、醚类2种、酚类3种、烃类8种、杂环化合物14种。水煮鸡肉的挥发性风味成分共19种,包括醛类11种、醇类3种、酮类1种、酯类1种、烃类2种、杂环化合物1种。两者共同鉴定出的物质有:己醛、辛醛、壬醛、(E)-2-辛烯醛、苯甲醛、苯乙醛、(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛、对甲氧基苯甲醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、右旋萜二烯。     

传统烹饪与软包装无锡酱排骨的挥发性风味成分对比

采用固相微萃取(SPME)法和同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)法与气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术,提取分析传统烹饪无锡酱排骨的挥发性风味成分。与软包装无锡酱排骨进行比较,前者共鉴定出71种化合物,后者共鉴定出76种,共同检测到的物质有31种。两者在醛类及含氮、含硫及其杂环类化合物上的差异较为显著,是两种排骨样品风味差异的主要原因,而茴香等香辛料使用量的差异可能是导致传统烹饪与软包装无锡酱排骨风味差异的另一原因。     

Intensification of phenolic extraction from yellow European plums by use of conventional,microwave-, and ultrasound-assisted extraction

ABSTRACT

In this study, microwave and ultrasound extraction were selected as process intensification tools to intensify the conventional heat reflux extraction process. Process efficiency was evaluated based on total phenolic content (ascorbic acid, neochlorogenic acid, and chlorogenic acid), scavenging ability of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric (Fe³⁺) free radicals, and process intensification principles and domains. Highest phenolic content and antioxidant activity were achieved using microwave extraction followed by heat reflux and ultrasound extraction. Microwave extraction was selected via decision matrix as a suitable process intensification approach based on results and its ability to satisfy process intensification principles.     

Extraction Properties of P(O)-Modified N-Aryl-Carbamoylmethylphosphine Oxides in Nitric Acid Media

Novel polyfunctional neutral organophosphorus compounds, P(O)-modified N-aryl- carbamoylmethylphosphine oxides, Ph₂P(O)CH₂C(O)NH-(o-C₆H₄)(CH₂)_n-P(O)Ph₂ and Ph₂P(O)CH₂C(O)NH-(m-C₆H₄)(CH₂)_n-P(O)Ph₂ (n = 1,2), were synthesized and studied as extractants for U(VI), Th(IV) and Ln(III) from HNO₃ solutions. The influence of aqueous and organic phases on the extraction efficiency was elucidated and stoichiometry of the complexes extracted was determined. Introduction of an additional phosphoryl group into the phenyl substitutent at the nitrogen atom of diphenyl(N-phenylcarbamoylmethyl)phosphine oxide resulted in an increase of the efficiency of U(VI), Th(IV), Ln(III), and Re(VII) extraction.     

Dodecylhydroxydiphosphonic Acid for Solvent Extraction

Abstract

The extraction behavior of Zn(II) and Cu(II) in acetate media has been investigated using dodecylhydroxydiphosphonic acid, DHDPA, which was previously synthesized and characterized. The extraction of both cations was carried out in different media with the addition of CH₃COOH, HCl or H₂SO₄ at different pH. The maximum extraction yield of 80% for zinc, was obtained in one step after the addition of sulfuric acid at pH_i=5.5 and for copper after the addition of 10 mg of sodium acetate. The authors plan additional tests using polar solvents.     

废水中微量三氯乙烯含量的测量

用适量的二氯甲烷提取出废水中的微量三氯乙烯(TCE),然后对萃取液进行气相色谱分析,得出萃取液中三氯乙烯的含量,换算出废水中的三氯乙烯含量。此方法的检测下限为0.5 mg/L。     

叔胺萃取分离钴(II)、铁(II)

研究了不必预先氧化二价铁,直接用叔胺从氯化物溶液中萃取分离钴(II)、铁(II)的新方法. 考察了不同改性剂对叔胺萃取钴(II)、铁(II)的影响以及各种因素对钴(II)、铁(II)萃取、洗涤及反萃的影响. 提出了用叔胺萃取分离钴(II)、铁(II)的最佳工艺参数.     

Microscale recovery of total lipids from fish tissue by accelerated solvent extraction

A number of techniques are available for the extraction of lipids from a variety of tissues; however, conventional methods are characteristically labor intensive, typically involve large volumes of toxic solvents, and usually require at least 1 g of tissue. With the availability of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technology, the opportunity exists to modify classical lipid extraction techniques such that automated high-pressure, high-temperature extractions may be performed with the use of far smaller volumes of costly and harmsul solvents. Moreover, the high extraction efficiency attainable by ASE suggests that significantly less tissue would be required than is routinely used. This paper describes the adaptation of previously developed lipid extraction solvent systems for use with ASE toward the purpose of extracting total lipids from 100 mg of fish tissue. The efficacy of three solvent systems for lipid extraction from representative fish tissues, including a standard reference material, was explored using gravimetry and FA analysis by GC. A TG was used as a surrogate to monitor overall method performance. The findings herein demonstrate that microscale ASE represents an effective and efficient alternative to traditional lipid extraction techniques based on quantity and composition of extracted lipid, surrogate recovery, and precision.     

N-癸酰吗啡啉(DMPHL)萃取苯酚水溶液

通过吗啡啉与癸酰氯反应生成了酰胺类萃取剂N-癸酰吗啡啉(DMPHL),并用苯为稀释剂考察DMPHL萃取苯酚的性能。研究了萃取剂浓度、苯酚浓度、酸度和温度对萃取苯酚的影响,计算出萃取反应的平衡常数以及有关的热力学函数,实验结果表明,DMPHL对于苯酚有良好的萃取性能。     

硝酸体系中Cyanex923萃取La(Ⅲ)性能研究

研究了硝酸体系中中性萃取剂Cyanex923(三烷基氧膦混合物)对轻稀土元素La(Ⅲ)的萃取性能.考察了金属离子、Cyanex923及硝酸根的浓度对La(Ⅲ)萃取的影响,由斜率分析法确定了反应机理,得出萃取平衡方程.探讨了温度对Cyanex923萃取La(Ⅲ)的影响,由Van't Hoff方程计算出温度范围在298～3...     

Solvent extraction of silver(I) from nitrate media using thiourea derivatives

Liquid–liquid extraction of Ag(I) from nitrate solutions using N‐(N′,N′‐diethyl thiocarbamoyl)‐N″‐phenylbenzamidine (TCBA) and 1‐6,‐diethylcarbamoyl imino‐1,6‐diphenyl‐2,5 dithiahexane (TCTH) dissolved in cumene has been studied. The extraction of Ag(I) from 1 mol dm⁻³ NO₃⁻ solutions by TCTH and TCBA was investigated as a function of several variables: equilibration time, organic phase diluent, pH of aqueous phase, Ag(I) and NO₃⁻ concentration in aqueous phase as well as TCBA and TCTH concentrations. Experimental equilibrium data were analysed numerically using the programs LETAGROP‐DISTR and LETAPL and the results showed that Ag(I) extraction could be explained assuming the formation of AgL and AgNO₃HL with TCBA (HL) and AgNO₃S with TCTH (S). The metal extraction was not influenced significantly by the structures of the thiourea derivatives used as extractants. The back extraction of Ag(I) from loaded organic phase was performed using different strippants and 0.5 mol dm⁻³ NaSCN was found to be efficient for this purpose. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry