西南极乔治王岛北海岸第三纪火山岩的岩石化学和地球化学研究

乔治王岛北海岸的第三纪火山岩包括菲尔德斯半岛组（ＦＰＧ）熔岩、Ａｄｍｉｒａｌｔｙ湾组（ＡＢＧ）岩颈和Ｗｅｇｇｅｒ峰组（ＷＰＧ）侵入岩。大多数中基性熔岩为斑状结构，斜长石和普通辉石是岩石中最主要的斑晶相。安山岩中尚含有少量斜方辉石，英安岩质熔岩则为细晶质结构。岩颈相岩石的物质组成与熔岩相似，但斑晶含量往往较少。岩石化学成分表明，所有岩石均富铝，为亚碱性火山岩，属于钙碱性岩石系列。岩石富集大离子亲石元素，轻稀土元素略为富集，稀土元素总含量落在钙碱性岩石的含量范围之内并基本随硅含量的增加而增加。岩石具有很低的８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ比值（０．７０３４左右）和较高的１４３Ｎｄ／１４４Ｎｄ比值（０．５１２７８－０．５１２８８），εＮｄ平均值在＋６左右。８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ比值与Ｓｉ、Ｋ、Ｒｂ、１／Ｓｒ等元素呈水平线性关系。在Ｃｅ／Ｙｂ－Ｃｅ和Ｔｈ／Ｔａ－Ｔｈ图解上所有岩石的投影点分布趋势相同，趋势线的斜率＞０。上述特征表明，乔治王岛北海岸第三纪火山岩均由上地幔物质直接生成而未受壳源物质的混染。推测在古太平洋板块向南极板块下俯冲的过程中，上地幔发生的不同程度部分熔融所生成的玄武岩岩浆从深部岩浆囊沿构造薄弱带穿过地壳直接喷出形成     

西南极利文斯顿岛中部中－新生代火山岩的岩相学和矿物学特征

出露在利文斯顿岛中部的中－晚白垩世火山碎屑岩为多源的角砾凝灰岩、角砾岩和集块碎屑岩，成分以安山质为主。橄榄玄武岩主要在史莱夫角出露，为全晶质斑状构造；主要出露在中利文斯顿和汉那角的安山岩、玄武安山岩多具细晶微斑构造。更新世至现代的火山岩为全晶质斑状的橄榄玄武岩和火山碎屑岩。熔岩的基本矿物组合大致相似，均为斜长石＋辉石（＋橄榄石）＋铁的氧化物，但矿物的含量比例因岩性不同而有所区别。岩石中的斜长石斑晶多具正环带；随着岩石ＳｉＯ２含量的增加，斜长石中Ｏｒ和Ａｂ组分增加而Ａｎ含量下降，斑晶边缘成分一般与基质里长石的成分相近。安山岩和玄武安山岩含有中长石－拉长石斑晶，玄武岩主要含拉长石斑晶，但橄榄玄武岩和粗玄岩中斜长石斑晶的核部为富钙的倍长石。更新世－现代的橄榄玄武岩，其所含斜长石斑晶和基质长石亦比较富钙。玄武安山岩中的辉石多为普通辉石，橄榄玄武岩和玄武岩中含有透辉石斑晶。辉石的Ｔｉ含量低，这是钙碱性火山岩的共同特点。史莱夫角的橄榄玄武岩含有贵橄榄石斑晶。粗玄岩中橄榄石成分与史莱夫角基质橄榄石成分相近。更新世至现代的橄榄玄武岩中既有正常结晶的橄榄石斑晶，还见到高Ｆｏ组分的深源捕掳晶。上述玄武岩中矿物组合的基本特征证明     

Postglacial marine environmental changes in Maxwell Bay, King George Island, West Antarctica

Sediment textural properties and total organic carbon (TOC) contents of three sediment cores from Maxwell Bay, King George Island, West Antarctica, record changes in Holocene glaciomarine sedimentary environments. The lower sedimentary unit is mostly composed of TOC-poor diamictons, indicating advanced coastal glacier margins and rapid iceberg discharge in proximal glaciomarine settings with limited productivity and meltwater supply. Fine-grained, TOC-rich sediments in the upper lithologic unit suggest more open water and warm conditions, leading to enhanced biological productivity due to increased nutrient-rich meltwater supply into the bay. The relationship between TOC and total sulfur (TS) indicates that the additional sulfur within the sediment has not originated from in situ pyrite formation under the reducing condition, but rather may be attributed to the detrital supply of sand-sized pyrite from the hydrothermal-origin, quartz-pyrite rocks widely distributed in King George Island. The evolution of bottom-water hydrography after deglaciation was recorded in the benthic foraminiferal stable-isotopic composition, corroborated by the TOC and lithologic changes. The ع⁸O values indicate that bottom-water in Maxwell Bay was probably mixed gradually with intruding ¹⁸O-rich seawater from Bransfield Strait. In addition, the ع³C values reflect a spatial variability in the carbon isotope distribution in Maxwell Bay, depending on marine productivity as well as terrestrial carbon fluxes by meltwater discharge. The distinct lithologic transition, dated to approximately 8000 yr BP (uncorrected) and characterized by textural and geochemical contrasts, highlights the postglacial environmental change by a major coastal glacier retreat in Maxwell Bay.     

Geochemistry of the late Proterozoic Kapp Hansteen igneous rocks of Nordaustlandet, Svalbard

Proterozoic igneous rocks occur in three areas in Nordaustlandet, Svalbard, and are found in the upper part of the Lower Hecla Hoek succession, the Botniahalvøya Supergroup. The rocks have been called porphyrites in Botniahalvøya, metadiabases in Prins Oscars Land and quartz porphyries in both areas as well as in the Sabinebukta area. All rocks have been metamorphosed under the greenschist facies conditions. The porphyrites are calc-alkaline acid andesites and dacites of medium to high K2O type, possibly showing a transition to tholeiitic series. The quartz porphyries are calc-alkaline rhyolites of high K20 type. The metadiabases are subdivided into two: the basic dykes of low K20 type and relatively high Fe tholeiite series, while the main bodies are acid andesites of medium to high K20 and low Fe tholeiite series. The basic dykes fall in the oceanic rock field of the Tiø2-K20-P20s diagram, and are most likely belonging to the island arc type volcanism. The metadiabases of main bodies and the porphyrites, and possibly the quartz porphyries, are chemically continuous. The medium to high K20 contents, and their Tiø2-K20-P2O5 ratios suggest that these three rock groups are non-oceanic and resemble the rock associations of the areas having thick continental crust. This conclusion agrees with the reported high initial Sr^87/86 ratios and the existence of a distinct unconformity at the base of this volcanogenic succession.     

Microbes in the area of the South Shetland Islands

ＭｉｃｒｏｂｅｓｉｎｔｈｅａｒｅａｏｆｔｈｅＳｏｕｔｈＳｈｅｔｌａｎｄＩｓｌａｎｄｓＣｈｅｎＨａｏｗｅｎ（陈皓文）ａｎｄＳｏｎｇＱｉｎｇｙｕｎ（宋庆云）（ＦｉｒｓｔＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＯｃｅａｎｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＳＯＡ，Ｑｉｎｇｄａｏ２６６００３，Ｃ...     

西南极纳尔逊岛Stansbury半岛火山岩地质和岩石学基本特征

西南极纳尔逊岛Stansbury半岛基本被玄武质、玄武安山质熔岩以及火山角砾岩和含植物化石的火山-碎屑沉积岩所覆盖。地层接触关系和火山岩岩石组合显示,该半岛的熔岩和火山角砾岩主要形成于第一阶段的火山活动,可与菲尔德斯半岛的碧玉山段以及玛瑙滩段地层对比;含化石的火山-碎屑沉积岩和角砾熔岩、火山角砾岩分别相当于长城站地区的化石山段和岩块山段的岩层,它们是晚期火山作用的产物。stansbury半岛和菲尔德斯半岛发育有基本相同的火山岩地层,并且都在化石山段地层中发现了植物化石,这表明两个半岛上的火山岩可能是早第三纪区域火山作用的共同产物。 半岛所出露的断裂大致平行菲尔德斯海峡并且控制了次火山岩的分布。 岩石学特征说明,Stansbury半岛的熔岩和次火山岩主要为玄武质和玄武安山质,岩石中的斑晶矿物包括偏基性的斜长石、单斜辉石。岩石化学成分中,随着SiO_2含量增高,Al_2O_3、CaO、MgO和铁含量下降,碱质则升高。和菲尔德斯半岛的火山岩一样,这个半岛的火山岩也基本沿着钙碱趋势演化。微量元素和稀土元素的丰度以及配分模式证明,这套岩石具有同源岩浆的亲缘关系并且可能经历了分离结晶作用过程。     

菲尔德斯半岛新生代火山岩中Sr,Ba,Ca元素的相关变化及其对岩浆演化的启示

菲尔德斯半岛新生代火山岩岩石组合为高铝玄武岩-玄武安山岩-安山岩-英安岩,是一套低钾高铝的钙碱性岩系。以岩石中Sr/Ca,Ba/Ca比值作为讨论岩浆演化的一个指标,确认高铝玄武岩为本区岩浆作用的初始岩浆,经过岩浆房中斜长石和单斜辉石为主的分离结晶作用,依次演化出玄武安山岩、安山岩和英安岩岩浆。     

Mineralogical maturity in dunefields of North America, Africa and Australia

Studies of dunefields in central and western North America show that mineralogical maturity can provide new insights into the origin and evolution of aeolian sand bodies. Many of the world's great sand seas in Africa, Asia and Australia are quartz-dominated and thus can be considered to be mineralogically mature. The Algodones (California) and Parker (Arizona) dunes in the southwestern United States are also mature, but have inherited a high degree of mineralogical maturity from quartz-rich sedimentary rocks drained by the Colorado River. In Libya, sediments of the Zallaf sand sea, which are almost pure quartz, may have originated in a similar fashion. The Fort Morgan (Colorado) and Casper (Wyoming) dunefields in the central Great Plains of North America, and the Namib sand sea of southern Africa have an intermediate degree of mineralogical maturity because their sources are large rivers that drained both unweathered plutonic and metamorphic rocks and mature sedimentary rocks. Mojave Desert dunefields in the southwestern United States are quite immature because they are in basins adjacent to plutonic rocks that were their sources. Other dunefields in the Great Plains of North America (those in Nebraska and Texas) are more mature than any possible source sediments and therefore reflect mineralogical evolution over time. Such changes in composition can occur because of either of two opposing long-term states of the dunefield. In one state, dunes are stable for long periods of time and chemical weathering depletes feldspars and other weatherable minerals in the sediment body. In the other state, which is most likely for the Great Plains, abrasion and ballistic impacts deplete the carbonate minerals and feldspars because the dunes are active for longer periods than they are stable.     

南极月球陨石EET96008矿物学和岩石学特征

EET 96008是一块发现于南极Elephant地区的玄武岩质角砾岩月球陨石。本文对该陨石的矿物岩石学特征进行了详细的观察和描述。EET 96008具有典型的碎屑结构,其角砾浑圆度低,角砾大小一般为0.1-2mm,它主要由角砾（50.2vol%）和基质（49.8vol%）组成,该陨石角砾类型多样：（1）晶屑：主要为辉石、橄榄石、长石以及石英;（2）岩屑：主要为变粒岩岩屑、基性岩岩屑、苏长岩质斜长岩岩屑;（3）玻屑：主要为斜长岩质。基质和角砾在颗粒上是连续过渡的,基质主要是由粒度小于0.1mm的矿物碎屑和玻屑组成。该陨石辉石类型多样,成分变化大Fs18.0-58.0Wo3.9-45.2En3.5-79.1,出溶现象普遍,出溶条纹达到1μm宽;橄榄石中Fa值主要分为两个区域,Fa50-70以及Fa80-95,铁含量较高,平均Fa71.8;长石成分以钙长石为主（An84.9-97.9）,部分斜长石已熔长石化。该陨石与QUE 94281同为月球玄武岩质角砾岩,在结构及矿物组成上具有类似性,但是在岩屑类型及橄榄石矿物成分上存在着明显不同,为非成对陨石,且源区可能不同。EET 96008具有三个典型的冲击暗化区域,有大量的玻璃质以及冲击熔融囊的产生,冲击程度达到S5以上。该陨石在冲击作用下,富铁辉石分解产生钙铁辉石-铁橄榄石-石英,该现象为了解月球表面冲击历史提供了重要的科学依据。     

南极乔治王岛阿德默勒尔蒂湾火山活动时空演化

在乔治王岛中部的阿德默勒尔蒂湾 ,凯勒半岛、于尔曼山嘴和埃内坎角是第三纪火山岩集中分布区。野外地质调查和同位素年代学研究表明 ,凯勒半岛发生了三期火山喷发 (三个火山喷发旋回 ) ,同时伴随着火山活动中心的不断北移 ;在第二期火山喷发之后 ,火口塌陷 ,形成破火山 ,之后在半岛北部又发生火山喷发 ,并向东迁移到于尔曼山嘴。因此凯勒半岛是一复活破火山 ,火山活动具有随时间迁移的特性。埃内坎角火山活动虽与上述两地区大致同时 ,但化学成分上不存在明显演化关系 ,应属另一相对独立的火山活动中心     

Palaeogene igneous rocks reveal new insights into the geodynamic evolution and petroleum potential of the Rockall Trough, NE Atlantic Margin

Data acquired from petroleum exploration well 164/7‐1 drilled in the UK sector of the Rockall Trough have yielded fresh insights into the igneous and thermal history of this frontier region. The well targeted a large four‐way dip closed structure of presumed Mesozoic age named ‘The Dome Prospect’. The structure is now known to have a magmatic, rather than a purely structural origin, which was the preferred pre‐well interpretation. The well encountered 1.2 km of Palaeocene age basaltic lavas, overlying Late Cretaceous mudstones which were intruded by over 70 dolerite sills ranging from <1.5‐ to 152‐m thick. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating of the dolerite intrusions indicates an Early Palaeocene age (63–64±0.5 Ma), which are among the oldest ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dates recognised in the North Atlantic Igneous Province. Radiometric dating of the overlying basaltic lavas proved unsuccessful, because of excessive alteration. Biostratigraphic dating of underlying and overlying sedimentary strata was utilised to constrain the age of the lavas to Late Paleocene to Early Eocene age (～55 Ma). Despite being related to two distinct events separated by ～8 Ma, the intrusives and extrusives are compositionally similar. The basaltic rocks from well 164/7‐1 possess Sr–Nd isotopic, major and trace‐element geochemical compositions similar to other volcanic and intrusive rocks of the British Tertiary Igneous Province and represent partial melts of both lithospheric and asthenospheric mantle associated with the proto‐Icelandic mantle plume head. Joint consideration of thermal maturity, potential fields and 3D seismic data indicate a deeper igneous body in addition to the sills encountered in well 164/7‐1. Jack‐up and arching mechanisms associated with both scales of intrusive body are believed to have developed the dome structure. The preferred interpretation is of a mafic laccolith, 17 km in diameter, ～7 km thick, intruded at 64.5 Ma, situated ～2.5 km below the bottom of the well. 3D thermal modelling suggests that all of Tranche 52 was thermally affected by the intrusion of the magmatic body. The thermal aureole, between 27 and 51 km in diameter, is not thought to play an important role in the hydrocarbon prospectivity of the surrounding Tranches in the NE Rockall Basin. Results show that hydrocarbon exploration prospects that are circular in map view should be interpreted with caution on volcanic continental margins. In sedimentary basins, where salt domes and shale diapirs are absent and igneous rocks prevalent, periclinal structures such as ‘The Dome Prospect’ should undergo a thorough multi‐disciplinary risk assessment.     

Magnetic anomalies associated with salt tectonism,deep structure and regional tectonics in the Maritimes Basin,Atlantic Canada

The structure and tectonic evolution of an evaporite basin are investigated in this case study, which combines the interpretation of magnetic data with the more commonly applied seismic reflection and gravity methods. The Maritimes Basin contains up to 18 km of Upper Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks resting on the basement of the Acadian orogeny. Carboniferous rocks are intensely deformed to the southeast of the Magdalen Islands as a result of deformation of evaporites of the Viséan Windsor Group. Short‐wavelength (<5 km) magnetic lineations define NNE‐ and ENE‐trending linear belts, coincident with the mapped pattern of salt structures. Magnetic models show that these lineations can be explained by the infill of subsidence troughs by high‐susceptibility sediment and/or the presence of basaltic rocks, similar to those uplifted and exposed on the Magdalen Islands. Additional shallow, magnetic sources are interpreted to result from alteration mineralization in salt‐impregnated, iron‐rich sedimentary rocks, brecciated during salt mobilization. Magnetic susceptibility measurements of samples from the Pugwash mine confirm the presence of higher susceptibility carnallite‐rich veins within salt units. Salt tectonism and basin development were influenced by the structure of the base group, the deepest regionally continuous seismic reflections (ca. 5–11 km), associated with an unconformity at the base of the Windsor Group, sampled at the Cap Rouge well. Salt structural evolution, formation of the magnetic lineations and geometry of the base group are associated with regional dextral transpression during basin development (late Carboniferous) and/or Alleghanian Orogeny (late Carboniferous to Permian). In this and similar studies, the effective use of magnetics is dependent upon the presence of rocks of high magnetic susceptibility in contrast to the low‐susceptibility salt bodies. In the absence of high‐susceptibility rocks, magnetic lows over the salt structures may be modelled, similar to commonly applied gravity techniques, to derive the internal structure and geometry.     

西南极乔治王岛北海岸火山岩的~（40）Ar／~（39）Ar和K-Ar年龄测定

本文采用４０Ａｒ／３９Ａｒ、Ｋ－Ａｒ和激光微区等时线方法，对乔治王岛北海岸的火山岩进行了系统的年龄测定。实验结果表明，该区的火山活动从晚白垩世延续到始新世末期，主要喷发时代为始新世。岩石的年龄由南西向北东依次变新，表明乔治王岛的火山活动中心在不断迁移，与整个南设得兰群岛火山岩的时、空分布规律相符。侵入岩比火山岩生成晚而岩石化学成分更偏酸性，说明侵入岩可能是火山岩同源岩浆分异演化的产物。这批高质量数据的获得，将为区域火山岩地层时代的厘定和构造岩浆演化过程的研究提供有力的依据。     

西南极利文斯顿岛百耳斯半岛火山岩的同位素年龄

以Ｋ－Ａｒ稀释法和４０Ａｒ／３９Ａｒ阶段加热法对利文斯顿岛百尔斯半岛的熔岩和次火山岩测定了同位素年龄。新的年龄数据表明,该区火山活动在晚侏罗纪末即已开始,一直持续到晚白垩世,存在着三期火山活动的产物。侏罗纪末～早白垩世初的火山活动除有熔岩（１４６Ｍａ,１３７Ｍａ）喷出外,还发育有辉长岩侵入体（１３５Ｍａ）和辉绿岩岩墙（１２９Ｍａ）等次火山岩。安山岩（１１４Ｍａ）和石英斑岩（９４Ｍａ）则是早白垩世火山活动的结果。半岛东部具沉积夹层的玄武岩（７１Ｍａ）是区域上晚白垩世～早第三纪火山活动的代表。     

东乌旗中铁陨石硅酸盐地球化学特征及对成因的启示

东乌旗中铁陨石为1995年在内蒙发现的、为数不多的降落型中铁陨石,由金属—硫化物和硅酸盐相紧密混合而成。硅酸盐相由角砾部分（主要为角砾状橄榄石和辉长岩岩屑）和非角砾部分组成。岩相学特征、主量元素成分及REE地球化学特征表明角砾状橄榄石、非角砾橄榄石和辉长质硅酸盐（辉长岩岩屑和除橄榄石外的非角砾部分）三者可能分别结晶自不同的岩浆源区。进一步的分析表明Mg含量非常高的角砾状橄榄石可能来自一个分异小行星的橄榄岩质地幔,非角砾橄榄石和辉长质硅酸盐可能和HED陨石具有相同的母体Vesta小行星。冲击碰撞导致两个小行星的物质发生了混合。冲击作用产生的高温（约1200℃—1450℃）使得被撞击小行星表壳玄武质和辉长质岩石发生混合重熔,熔体结晶后形成中铁陨石的辉长质硅酸盐。该温度下非角砾橄榄石和角砾状橄榄石均未发生重熔。该模型较好地解释了角砾状橄榄石、非角砾橄榄石和辉长质硅酸盐三者之间的不平衡现象。     

1999/2000年夏季环南极表层海水叶绿素a和初级生产力

中国第 1 6次南极考察期间 ,作者随雪龙船于 1 999年 1 1月 2 2日至 2 0 0 0年 1月 1 8日从澳洲西南部到达东南极普里兹湾 ,后经南印度洋 -南大西洋 -德雷克海峡 -南大西洋 -南印度洋返回普里兹湾。航渡中定时采集表层海水 ,进行水温、盐度、营养盐、浮游生物现存量和光合作用速率的现场观测 ,研究环绕南极海域表层水叶绿素 a和初级生产力的分布特征。结果表明 ,南大洋表层水营养物质、浮游生物现存量和初级生产力分布具明显的区域性特征 ,南极辐合带以南的南极水营养盐浓度高于亚南极水和亚热带水。叶绿素 a浓度与营养物质的分布趋势一致 ,南极水、亚南极水和亚热带水的平均叶绿素 a浓度分别为 1 .77、1 .40和 0 .2 1 μg/dm3。在环绕南极的大洋中 ,南大西洋海域营养物质丰富 ,海水最为肥沃 ,叶绿素 a浓度和初级生产力高于南印度洋和德雷克海峡。在短期往返东南极 -西南极 -东南极的航渡观测中 ,由于南极夏季水温的升高 ,陆缘冰融化 ,冰藻释放 ,长城湾至普里兹湾的西 -东向航渡中观测的初级生产力、浮游植物细胞丰度、叶绿素 a浓度和光合作用同化数分别比普里兹湾至长城湾的东 -西向航渡中高 1 45%、1 1 3%、68%和 1 8%。与 1 0年前的观测结果比较 ,南大西洋仍为高生物量和高生产力海区 ;1 999/2 0 0 0     

西南极乔治王岛长城站地区第三纪火山岩地质、岩石学特征及岩浆的生成演化

本文根据四次南极考察所取资料,对西南极乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛长城站地区第三纪火山岩进行了全面和系统的总结,在火山岩地层的划分、岩相学和矿物学特点、岩浆的生成演化等问题上提出了新的认识。 长城站所在的菲尔德斯半岛出露有一套层状的熔岩、火山碎屑岩和火山碎屑沉积岩,是第三纪岛弧火山作用的产物。长城组包括碧玉山段和玛瑙滩段,由熔岩和正常火山碎屑岩组成,同位素年龄测定证明其形成于古新世至始新世。化石组主要形成于渐新世,其下部化石山段的含有植物化石的火山碎屑沉积岩不整合在玛瑙滩段岩层之上,上部的岩块山段以集块熔岩、角砾熔岩为主体,火山活动可能持续到了中新世早期。整个半岛的火山活动有两个高潮,两次较强烈的火山作用之间是较长的喷发间断,造成半岛岩石被风化剥蚀和火山碎屑沉积岩的出现。次火山岩以岩颈、岩墙、岩脉和规模较小的岩株等形式产出,并受到古火山机构和基底断裂的控制,沿着北西西-南东东的方向有规律地分布。从火山喷发中心和火山岩分布特点分析,该区火山活动有从西向东逐渐迁移的趋势。 熔岩以高铝玄武岩和玄武安山岩为主,安山岩、英安岩数量较少。斜长石和普通辉石是最主要的造岩矿物。高铝玄武岩和玄武安山岩中斜长石斑晶的核部往往为倍长石或钙长石,边缘成份与     

西南极利文斯顿岛中部中生代－新生代火山岩岩石化学研究

出露在利文斯顿岛中部的白垩纪火山岩为玄武岩－玄武安山岩－安山岩－英安岩组合，基本属于钙碱性系列，但具有低钾拉斑玄武岩的某些特点。岩石富集Ｒｂ、Ｔｈ、Ｂａ，轻度亏损Ｚｒ、Ｔｉ、Ｈｆ、Ｎｂ，较强亏损Ｃｒ和Ｎｉ，而且随着岩浆从基性向酸性成分的演化，富集（或亏损）程度加大。岩石的轻稀土元素中度富集，岩石的（Ｃｅ／Ｙｂ）ＣＮ比值较低。白垩纪火山岩形成在一个造山环境，是南设得兰岩浆弧的一部分。然而，在利文斯顿岛不同地区出露的岩石其化学性质有所区别，因此认为它们可能源于不同的岩浆体系。在晚古生代至早中生代，利文斯顿岛中部处于一个独特的浊积扇的构造环境。主要产在利文斯顿岛中部和汉那角的鲍勒斯山组火山岩与其它地点的中生代火山岩相比，无论岩相学特征还是岩石化学性质均有所不同。因此认为它们的产生同时受到太平洋板块的俯冲作用和该地构造位置所控制。史莱夫角的橄榄玄武岩成分中碱高硅低，并且通常表现出高铝的特点，这些性质与百耳斯半岛的玄武岩极为相似。区域上火山活动不断发展，活动中心逐渐向北东迁移，导致粗玄岩岩颈和岩席生成，最后是英云闪长岩的侵入。更新世至现代的依诺特角组橄榄玄武岩以化学成分中的低硅高碱含量区别于中生代火山岩。岩石的高Ｍ值     

南极乔治王岛海军湾亨内克角早第三纪晚期孢粉化石及其地层学意义

根据乔治王岛海军湾亨内克角群上部凝灰质砂泥岩夹层中的孢粉化石组合特征,讨论其时代归属和沉积环境。研究表明亨内克角群上部火山沉积岩中孢粉化石共４０余种,主要成分为冈瓦纳早第三纪群落,属Ｗｅｄｄｅｌｉａｎ生物地理区,Ｎｏｔｈｏｆａｇｉｄｉｔｅｓ为代表分子,其中Ｎ．ｃｆ．ｓａｒａｅｎｓｉｓ和Ｎ．ｃｆ．ｆｌｅｍｉｎｇｉ的存在以及Ｐｒｏｔｅａｃｉｄｉｔｅｓｓｐｐ．的缺失,提示含化石地层时代可能属渐新世,沉积环境为近中低山区的湖沼环境,气候温暖潮湿。     

Some aspects of magnetic viscosity in subaerial and submarine volcanic rocks

Summary. The magnetic viscosity of 334 Upper Tertiary and pre-Bruhnes Quaternary volcanic rocks from the Massif Central (France) and the Steens Mountain (Oregon), and of 40 basaltic cores from DSDP leg 37 has been investigated. Thellier's viscosity index follows a log normal distribution with mean values equal to 6 and 3.5 per cent for subaerial and submarine rocks respectively. For subaerial rocks, the average intensity of the viscous remanent magnetization (VRM) acquired in the Earth's field since the beginning of the Bruhnes polarity epoch ( t = 0.7 Myr) is estimated to be equal to one-quarter of the average intensity of the primary remanence. Alternating field demagnetization of VRMs acquired in low fields for acquisition times t ranging from 2 day to 32 month indicates the resistance to alternating fields is quite different from sample to sample and increases linearly with log t.
Néel's diagnostic parameter of domain structure of the grains involved in magnetic viscosity shows that hard VRM is carried by single-domain grains and soft VRM carried by multidomain particles. Single domain particles carrying hard VRM in subaerial volcanic rocks are almost equant magnetite intergrowths with size near the superparamagnetism threshold, resulting from high temperature oxidation of titanomagnetite. Soft VRM is carried by low Curie point homogeneous titanomagnetite. Unlike his single domain theory, Néel's multidomain theory of magnetic viscosity does not account quantitatively for the resistance of VRM to alternating fields.