MoS2/CoFe/C复合材料的制备和吸波性能

先水热合成MoS₂/CoFe₂O₄纳米复合吸波材料,再通过合理的物料配比并使用无水葡萄糖作为碳源和还原剂,使MoS₂/CoFe₂O₄复合材料在氮气氛中还原为MoS₂/CoFe/C三元纳米复合材料。对这种复合材料的形貌、相结构及电磁参数进行表征、模拟分析其最佳匹配厚度和吸波性能,研究了碳源浓度对复合材料的组成和性能的影响并根据弛豫理论讨论其吸波机制。结果表明,厚度为3 mm的这种复合材料在12.4 GHz处的最低反射损耗可达-42.9 dB;厚度为4 mm时低于-10 dB的频带宽度可达7.1 GHz。     

碳纤维/铁硅铝复合材料的低频吸波性能

为获得吸波性能良好的吸波材料,将电阻型吸波剂碳纤维和磁损耗型吸波剂FeSiAl片状磁粉复合,以石蜡为基体,利用模压法制备出复合材料。采用激光粒度分析仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对单一吸波剂进行了测试分析。结果发现,片状FeSiAl磁粉的粒度在数十到几百微米之间;碳纤维表面留有活性物质,截面处能看到皮芯结构;XRD衍射图谱中,FeSiAl呈现出bcc结构。对复合吸波材料的电磁参数进行测量对比,结果表明,FeSiAl片状磁粉在1~3GHz内的最佳反射率达到-40.7dB,有效吸收频带宽度约为0.5GHz;当加入长度等于4mm,含量为0.4%(质量分数)的碳纤维时,碳纤维/铁硅铝复合材料吸波性能最佳,其反射率为-49.6dB,有效吸收频带宽度为1.0GHz;FeSiAl片状磁粉平行于吸波片表面排列时,材料的反射率减小,吸波性能增强。     

石墨烯-羰基铁粉线材的制备及其吸波性能分析

为了提高单一磁性吸波材料的吸波性能,以聚乳酸(PLA)作为基体材料,将磁性材料羰基铁粉(CIP)与石墨烯(RGO)进行复合,制备RGO-CIP/PLA复合材料。通过TG、XRD等多种测试手段对复合材料的结构、形貌等进行表征。同时使用矢量网络分析仪对复合材料的电磁参数进行测试,计算出不同厚度的吸波性能,研究了RGO的添加量对RGO-CIP/PLA复合材料的吸波性能影响。结果表明：当RGO质量分数为4wt%,CIP质量分数为20wt%时,RGO-CIP/PLA复合材料吸波性能最优;吸收厚度为3 mm时,达到了-27.25 dB最小的R_L值,同时其吸收带宽为2.922 GHz (7.227～10.149 GHz)。同时,随着其吸收厚度的增加,有效吸收带宽(R_L<-10 dB)会移动至较低的频带。     

熔融沉积成形锰锌铁氧体/聚乳酸复合材料的力学和吸波性能

3D打印技术在快速制造复杂形状零件方面获得了越来越多的关注。将锰锌铁氧体(MZF)作为增强体填充到聚乳酸(PLA)中，通过球磨混合和熔融挤出法制备出MZF/PLA复合线材，利用熔融沉积成形(FDM)制备出MZF/PLA复合材料。采用XRD、 SEM和矢量网络分析仪对不同复合比例的MZF/PLA复合材料的微观形貌、力学性能和电磁性能进行表征，并计算不同厚度的反射损耗，研究MZF的含量对复合材料吸波性能的影响。结果表明：当MZF含量为10wt%时，MZF/PLA复合材料的拉伸强度相比纯PLA提升了17.6%，随着MZF含量的提升，复合材料的吸波性能随之增强。当MZF的含量达到50wt%，在12.7 GHz处，厚度为7.4 mm时反射率达到最小值-55.3 dB，在厚度为7.9 mm时，有效吸波频带宽为4.5 GHz。因此，基于FDM制备的3D打印MZF/PLA复合材料具有良好的吸波性能和承载能力，是一种非常有前途的3D打印微波吸收材料。     

MoS2/生物质碳复合材料的制备与吸波性能

为了解决MoS₂吸波材料电导率低的问题,以柚子皮（SP）为原料,采用一锅水热及高温煅烧法制备了MoS₂/生物质碳（BC）复合材料。通过调节初始Mo源、S源的含量来调控该复合材料中MoS₂的含量。微观形貌、结构和电磁参数结果表明,随着复合材料中MoS₂含量的增加,MoS₂在BC表面由片状零散分布转变为花状包覆,MoS₂/BC复合材料的电导率和复介电常数逐渐降低。通过调节MoS₂与BC的比例,实现对MoS₂/BC复合材料电磁参数的有效调控,进而优化其阻抗匹配特性。MoS₂的花状结构有利于促进电磁波的多重反射/散射。同时,MoS₂与BC之间存在丰富界面,有利于促进界面极化,增强MoS₂/BC复合材料对电磁波的衰减能力。所制备的MoS₂/BC-0.8最小反射率损失（RL）值为-40.1 dB,有效吸收带宽为5.9 GHz（11.1～1...     

FeCo/石墨烯的制备和吸波性能

用共沉淀和高温退火相结合的方法制备了晶态FeCo/石墨烯吸波粒子,使用XRD、FESEM和TEM等手段对其晶体结构和微观形貌进行了表征。结果表明,向石蜡中添加不同质量的FeCo/石墨烯吸波粒子可制备不同含量吸波粒子的复合材料。使用微波矢量网络分析仪对不同含量吸波粒子的复合材料的电磁参数的测试和不同厚度吸波性能的模拟结果表明,吸波粒子含量为50%的材料,其吸波性能最优;厚度仅为1.6 mm的材料,有效吸收带宽为5.0 GHz(12.3~17.3 GHz)。吸波粒子优异的吸波性能,源于介电损耗和磁损耗的协同作用以及合适的阻抗匹配率和衰减常数。     

石墨烯-铁镍合金-聚乳酸复合材料的制备及其吸波性能

发展轻量化、宽频带的微波吸收材料来应对严重的电磁污染是一个巨大的挑战。本文通过熔融沉积成形(FDM)工艺制备出石墨烯(GR)-铁镍合金(FeNi50)-聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料,采用XRD、Raman、SEM和矢量网络分析仪(VNA)对复合材料的物相结构、微观形貌和电磁性能进行表征分析,并讨论了GR-FeNi50质量比对复合材料吸波性能的影响。结果表明,与未添加GR的复合材料相比,复合材料内部形成了触发极化损耗的异质界面,并产生了丰富的褶皱和孔隙,从而增强了微波的多次反射和散射;随着GR-FeNi50质量比的增加,吸波性能先增强、后减弱,当GR-FeNi50质量比为4∶20时,吸波性能最佳,最小反射损耗达到-40.5 dB,有效吸收带宽为4.7 GHz(13.28～18 GHz)。其优异的吸波性能归因于良好的阻抗匹配和界面极化损耗、偶极极化损耗、电导损耗、磁损耗之间的协同作用。此外,与湿化学法制备的吸波材料相比,GRFeNi50-PLA复合材料在环保、易加工和规模化生产方面具有优势。     

石墨烯/碳纳米管复合材料的微波吸收性能研究

石墨烯和碳纳米管都是新型纳米尺寸碳材料,具有极大的比表面积、良好的导电性以及优秀的机械性能等特性。通过微波膨化法在石墨烯(寡层石墨)表面空隙结构内生长了碳纳米管,制备出石墨烯/碳纳米管复合材料,碳纳米管不仅可以发挥连接石墨烯层片结构的作用,还可以与石墨烯共同发挥协同吸波效应;同时生长碳纳米管所添加的催化剂在微波状态下分解为纳米磁性颗粒,提高整体复合材料的吸波性能。通过采用SEM、EDX、XRD等对材料的形貌、化学成分进行表征,并用矢量网络分析仪测试了材料在2~18GHz频带内的复介电常数和复磁导率,利用计算机模拟出不同厚度的微波衰减性能。结果表明,材料的电磁损耗机制由电介质损耗、磁损耗共同构成,微波吸收峰随着材料厚度的增加向低频移动,当厚度为2.5mm时,在14.4GHz时最大损耗值为-28dB,并且在频带12.4~17.7GHz的范围内达到-10dB的吸收。     

钡铁氧体/石墨烯/二氧化硅柔性复合材料吸波性能的研究

随着信息化时代的快速发展,各种各样的电子产品也被广泛地应用到生活与工作中,伴随其而来的电磁污染也成为日益严重的问题,具有“薄、轻、宽、强”的吸波材料得到了广泛的关注。采用机械混合法将钡铁氧体(BaFe₁₂O₁₉)、石墨烯（graphene）、二氧化硅（SiO₂）进行混合,制备多元复合吸波剂,以水性聚氨酯为粘结剂,使用流延工艺制备多元复合吸收剂涂层织物,并分析其结构、形貌、机械以及吸波性能。结果表明,所制备的柔性吸波涂层织物在吸波剂配比为0.4(BaFe₁₂O₁₉-graphene)-0.6SiO₂、吸波涂层厚度为1.2 mm时,最小反射损耗达到-14.58 dB,有效吸波带宽为0.94 GHz（12.91～13.58 GHz）,具备涂层薄、吸波强度高、吸收频带宽、质量轻的潜质。     

Fe3O4/CNTs@Cf复合材料的制备及其吸波性能的研究

为了改善传统碳材料的吸波性能,获得具有多元吸波机理的吸波材料,本文通过化学气相沉积法在碳纤维表面原位生长碳纳米管,后采用溶剂热反应在CNTs@C_f上生成Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒,制备出了Fe₃O₄/CNTs@C_f复合材料,并对其吸波性能进行研究,分析了复合材料的合成机理和吸波机理。其反射损耗在C波段可达-43.02 dB,随着Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒含量的进一步增加,其吸波性能下降。     

多壁碳纳米管复合材料在8 mm波段的吸波性能

将相同厚度不同碳纳米管含量, 以及不同厚度相同碳纳米管含量的多壁碳纳米管加入玻璃纤维增强复合材料中, 并研究了其在26. 5～40. 0 GHz 频段的吸波性能。结果发现, 多壁碳纳米管具有吸波性能, 而且吸波性能随着多壁碳纳米管含量的增加而提高。多壁碳纳米管/ 玻璃纤维/ 环氧树脂复合材料层板在26. 5～40. 0 GHz频段表现出较好的吸收效果, 其吸波性在于碳纳米管本身具有吸波性能, 此外还与吸波材料的谐振吸波原理有关。通过对该复合材料的电磁参数的测定并计算, 证明实验结果与吸波原理相符合。      

改性氧化石墨烯/Fe3O4复合材料的制备及电磁吸收性能

为改善氧化石墨烯（GO）/Fe₃O₄复合材料的分散程度,利用三苯基膦（PPh3）对GO表面进行功能化改性得到改性氧化石墨烯（GOP）,然后采用共沉淀法一步合成GOP/Fe₃O₄复合材料。通过场发射SEM、高分辨TEM、XRD、FTIR、Raman和VSM对GOP/Fe₃O₄复合材料的形貌、结构和磁性能进行表征。利用矢量网络分析仪（PNA）测试了GOP/Fe₃O₄复合材料的电磁参数并模拟计算其对电磁波的吸收性能。结果显示:GOP/Fe₃O₄复合材料的最大电磁波吸收强度值达到-25.4 dB,有效吸收频宽为6.0 GHz,较未改性GO/Fe₃O₄复合材料均有大幅度提高。      

Microwave absorption response of nickel/graphene nanocomposites prepared by electrodeposition

In this study, nanostructures of nickel have been successfully deposited on graphene nanosheet by direct electrochemical deposition. The morphology, nickel content, and magnetic properties of the graphene as well as composites were examined by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopic, elemental analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometer, respectively. Their relative complex permeability and permittivity were also measured, and reflection loss values were calculated at given thickness layer according to transmit line theory in the range 2–18 GHz. The results reveal that with the increasing of the thickness of the samples, the matching frequency tends to shift to the lower frequency region, and theoretical reflection loss becomes less at the matching frequency. When the absorbing thickness is 1 mm, the maximum absorption value of graphene is ?6.5 dB at about 7 GHz. After decorating graphene sheet with magnetic nickel nanoparticles, the composites were shown to efficiently promote microwave absorbability. When the thickness is 1.5 mm, the absorption value of the composites exceeds ?10 dB in the 5 GHz absorbing bandwidth and the maximum absorption value is ?16.0 dB at 9.15 GHz.     

外贴Fe3O4/CNTs杂化碳纳米纸的碳纳米管复合材料吸波性能

通过对Fe₃O₄纳米粒子接枝碳纳米管的单分散水溶液真空吸滤制备出一种新型的杂化碳纳米纸, 它与树脂浸润良好, 可以与复合材料一体成型。分别借助FE-SEM、EDS、BJH法和振动样品磁强计表征杂化碳纳米纸及其复合材料的微观形貌、元素组成、平均孔径分布和磁性能。在8.2~18 GHz频段内利用波导法测量碳纳米管共混复合材料和外贴杂化碳纳米纸/碳纳米管共混复合材料的电磁参数和吸波反射率。研究结果表明: 外贴一层杂化碳纳米纸(厚0.1 mm)后, 碳纳米管共混复合材料的磁损耗明显增加, 在8.2~18 GHz微波频段内吸波反射率基本上全部小于-10 dB(频宽大于9.7 GHz), 在15.42 GHz位置, 反射损耗峰达-43.18 dB, 远优于碳纳米管共混复合材料。     

石墨烯/酞菁铁复合材料的制备与吸波性能

采用酞菁铁（FePc）粉体和石墨烯（G）共研磨热压法制备了G/FePc复合材料,研究了G对FePc耐热性能和吸波性能的影响。采用SEM和XPS表征了G/FePc复合材料的表面形貌和G与FePc之间的相互作用,结果发现,FePc均匀地吸附于G片层表面,且固化后形成了层状结构,从而改善了G/FePc复合材料的耐热性能和吸波性能。进一步通过TGA和矢量网络分析方法研究了不同G添加量对G/FePc复合材料的耐热性能和电磁性能的影响,并对G/FePc复合材料不同厚度的吸波性能进行了模拟分析。结果表明,G/FePc复合材料的耐热性能和吸波性能均随着G含量的增加而提高,当G添加量为5%（质量比）时,G/FePc复合材料在1 000℃热解残留率达到62.2%,在3.5 mm厚度下最大反射损耗达到-30.50 dB,反射损耗小于-10 dB的带宽为1.38 GHz,具有优良的耐热性能和吸波性能。      

Enhanced microwave absorption performance of graphene/doped Li ferrite nanocomposites

In the present study, Microwave absorbing Li-Sr, Li-Co ferrite nanoparticles and RGO/Li-Sr, RGO/Li-Co ferrite nanocomposites containing Li ferrite and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) were synthesized to further improve the microwave absorption performance of Li ferrite nanoparticles (LiFe₅O₈). The Li-Sr and Li-Co nanoparticles were synthesized by thermal treatment method, the RGO/Li-Sr and RGO/Li-Co nanocomposites were obtained by a polymerization method and were characterized by different techniques. The electromagnetic wave absorption properties of the samples were evaluated by vector network analyzer (VNA) in the frequency range of 2–18 GHz. The magnetic and dielectric loss, impedance matching, and electromagnetic wave absorption of the samples are significantly improved through the addition of RGO. Experimental results revealed that the RGO/Li-Co nanocomposite considerably increased microwave absorption. The minimum reflection loss (RL) of RGO/Li-Co also was found to reach −46.80 dB at the thickness of 3 mm and the effective absorption bandwidth (≤-10 dB) amounted to 6.80 GHz (from 10.52 to 17.32 GHz), which was much higher in comparison with pure Li and Li-Co ferrites nanoparticles. Due to the synergistic effect between magnetic loss and dielectric loss and the good impedance matching, the RGO/Li-Co nanocomposite may be regarded as a new candidate for microwave absorbing materials characterized with a broad effective absorption bandwidth at thin thicknesses.     

Electromagnetic wave absorbing properties of TMCs (TM=Ti,Zr, Hf,Nb and Ta) and high entropy (Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)C

Electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials play a vital role in modern communication and information processing technologies to inhibit information leakage and prevent possible damages to environment and human bodies.Currently,most of EMW absorbing materials are either composites of two or more phases or in the form of nanosheets,nanowires or nanofibers in order to enhance the EMW absorption performance through dielectric loss,magnetic loss and dielectric/magnetic loss coupling.However,the combination of complex shapes/multi phases and nanosizes may compound the difficulties of materials processing,composition and interfaces control as well as performance maintenance during service.Thus,searching for single phase materials with good stability and superior EMW absorbing properties is appealing.To achieve this goal,the EMW absorbing properties of transition metal carbides TMCs (TM=Ti,Zr,Hf,Nb and Ta) and high entropy (Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)C which belong to ultrahigh temperature ceramics,were investigated in this work.Due to the good electrical conductivity and splitting ofd orbitals into lower energy t2g level and higher energy eg level in TMC6 octahedral arrangement,TMCs (TM=Ti,Zr,Hf,Nb and Ta) exhibit good EMW absorbing properties.Especially,HfC and TaC exhibit superior EMW absorbing properties.The minimum reflection loss (RLmin) value of HfC is -55.8 dB at 6.0 GHz with the thickness of 3.8 mm and the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) is 6.0 GHz from 12.0 to 18.0 GHz at thickness of 1.9 mm;the RLmin value of TaC reaches-41.1 dB at 16.2 GHz with a thickness of 2.0 mm and the EAB is 6.1 GHz with a thickness of 2.2 mm.Intriguingly,the electromagnetic parameters,i.e.,complex permittivity and permeability are tunable by forming single phase solid solution or high entropy (Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)C.The RLmin value of high entropy (Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)C is -38.5 dB at 9.5 GHz with the thickness of 1.9 mm,and the EAB is 2.3 GHz (from 11.3 to 13.6 GHz) atthickness of 1.5 mm.The significance of this work is that it opens a new window to design single phase high performance EMW absorbing materials by dielectric/magnetic loss coupling through tuning the conductivity and crystal field splitting energy of d orbitals of transition metals in carbides,nitrides and possibly borides.     

Facile synthesis of three-dimensional lightweight nitrogen-doped graphene aerogel with excellent electromagnetic wave absorption properties

The widespread use of communication facilities and electronic devices has increased the demand for novel high-efficiency and lightweight microwave absorption materials. In this work, we propose using N-doped graphene (NG)/wax composites, where an interconnected 3D graphene network is used as filler in a wax matrix. Nitrogen atoms were substitutionally doped into the graphene lattice by hydrothermal method. It was found that controlling the amount of NG could effectively modulate the electrical properties of graphene. Inspection of the samples prepared showed that to a large extent, the vacuum infusion method effectively retained the graphene intact 3D structure. Samples filled with 3.6 wt% NG exhibited the most prominent microwave absorption properties; the minimum reflection loss registered was 53.25 dB at 13.10 GHz for a sample thickness of 3.3 mm, and the bandwidth of the reflection loss less than 10 dB (90% absorption) can reach up to 8.15 GHz. The result indicates that the nitrogen-doped graphene can greatly improve the dielectric loss of electromagnetic wave absorber. More importantly, the work presented provides the framework for a unique facile approach to manufacture low-cost NG/wax composites with strong electromagnetic wave absorption ability at very low filler loading.