乙烯装置开车时冷箱高温原因分析及处理

抚顺乙烯装置检修后开车过程中针对冷箱高温的情况,对丙烯制冷系统、乙烯制冷系统开车时各参数进行分析,结合丙烯制冷系统和乙烯制冷系统及甲烷-氢系统的复迭制冷关系,判断开车过程中冷箱温度过高的原因,通过采取相应措施使装置尽快恢复开车并开车成功.     

双级压缩与复叠式压缩制冷系统的技术经济分析

为了探究双级压缩制冷系统与复叠式压缩制冷系统哪种更适合超低温制冷装置,通过对双级压缩系统和复叠式压缩制冷系统采用循环热力计算的方法,比较分析了双级压缩与复叠式压缩制冷系统的技术特性。同时从经济性的角度,对两种制冷方案的理论输气量、制冷系数、初投资、实际运行费用进行了对比分析。结果表明:在相同的工况下,复叠式系统的压缩比、排气温度和理论输气量均低于双级压缩系统,而复叠式系统的吸气压力和制冷系数高于双级压缩系统。在冷凝温度为40℃、蒸发温度为-65℃时,采用复叠压缩实际节能可达15.13%,即在超低温工况下复叠式系统更有前景。     

乙烯制冷压缩机机体漏油的分析与处理

本厂乙烯制冷压缩机(位号 GB-601)是裂解装置的心脏设备之一,它与丙烯制冷压缩机形成复叠制冷系统,提供-50℃,-75℃,-101℃温度级的冷量,以满足深冷分离的需要。GB-601运行的好坏,会直接影响     

三级复叠制冷系统自然工质组的性能对比

为研究不同自然工质在三级复叠式制冷系统中的热力性能,采用R717/R1150/R50,R290/R1150/R50,R1270/R1150/R50 3种自然工质组合,对三级复叠式制冷系统的COP、压缩机的功率、排气温度、冷凝器热负荷和制冷剂质量流量随蒸发温度的变化进行了热力学对比分析。研究结果表明:不同蒸发温度下均存在一组最佳中间循环冷凝温度,使得COP值最大。蒸发温度从-120.0℃升高到-100.0℃时,R717/R1150/R50的COP最大,由0.38增大到0.52,总压缩机功率、冷凝器热负荷和制冷剂总质量流量最小。R717/R1150/R50的制冷剂总质量流量分别比R290/R1150/R50和R1270/R1150/R50小40.6%—38.2%和38.4%—36.3%。推荐在三级复叠式制冷系统中采用自然工质组合R717/R1150/R50的方案,研究结果为三级复叠式制冷系统自然工质组的选择提供理论依据。     

CO2回收液化工艺的优化

在液化站CO₂采集处理工程中，低温分馏及配套的氨制冷系统是核心工艺。基于此，采用HYSYS模拟软件研究计算了相应的工艺流程，通过研究分馏系统提纯塔塔压、理论塔板数和塔顶冷凝温度对产品能耗和放空气中甲烷含量的影响规律，得出了本工程适宜的提纯塔塔压为3.2MPa，理论塔板数为12块，适宜的塔顶冷凝温度为-25℃；通过研究蒸发式冷凝器的蒸发温度、冷凝温度以及经济器出口温度对氨制冷系统的影响规律，得出了设计条件下适宜的蒸发温度为-30℃，冷凝温度为39℃，经济器出口温度为10℃。     

CO2/R170混合物作为复叠式制冷系统低温环路制冷剂的性能

针对CO2/R170混合物在复叠式制冷系统低温环路使用的工况，建立了固液平衡和汽液平衡的数学模型，决定了保证混合物在较低温度下不结晶的配比。在一定的配比范围内对混合物进行了循环性能和可燃性分析。研究了混合物配比对循环性能参数和可燃性的影响，以及中间温度在高温环路使用R290、低温环路使用CO2/R170混合物时，复叠式制冷系统整体制冷系数（COP）的变化趋势。研究表明，这种混合物适宜作为复叠式制冷系统低温环路的制冷剂。     

分馏温度对柴油加氢精制装置生产低凝柴油的影响

分别以中国石油大庆石化公司和吉林石化公司的柴油馏分为研究对象,利用中试装置进行加氢精制,采用实沸点蒸馏装置,对加氢柴油进行分割,通过对轻重2种柴油馏分的低温流动性,燃烧性和收率进行分析,加工大庆原油的炼厂通过调整柴油加氢精制装置分馏塔操作同时生产-35#和0#柴油时,对轻重柴油的分割温度优选250℃。加工大庆原油和俄罗斯原油混合油的炼厂,通过调整柴油加氢精制装置分馏塔操作同时生产-35#和0#柴油时,对轻重柴油的分割温度优选265℃。     

操作参数对双蒸发压缩/喷射制冷系统性能的影响

实验研究了操作参数（冷凝器进水温度、高温蒸发器进水温度和低温蒸发器进水温度）对双蒸发压缩/喷射制冷系统及两相喷射器性能的影响。结果显示,喷射器引射系数随冷凝器进水温度和高温蒸发器进水温度的升高而减小,随低温蒸发器进水温度的升高而增大;喷射器压升比随冷凝器进水温度和高温蒸发器进水温度的升高而增大,随低温蒸发器进水温度的升高而减小。冷凝器进水温度和高温蒸发器进水温度对制冷系统性能的影响较大,而低温蒸发器进水温度对制冷系统性能的影响较小。其中,冷凝器进水温度每降低5℃,制冷系统COP增加0.44;高温蒸发器进水温度每升高2℃,制冷系统COP增加0.16。结果可供双蒸发压缩/喷射制冷系统的设计和运行参考。     

操作参数对双蒸发压缩/喷射制冷系统性能的影响

实验研究了操作参数(冷凝器进水温度、高温蒸发器进水温度和低温蒸发器进水温度)对双蒸发压缩/喷射制冷系统及两相喷射器性能的影响。结果显示,喷射器引射系数随冷凝器进水温度和高温蒸发器进水温度的升高而减小,随低温蒸发器进水温度的升高而增大;喷射器压升比随冷凝器进水温度和高温蒸发器进水温度的升高而增大,随低温蒸发器进水温度的升高而减小。冷凝器进水温度和高温蒸发器进水温度对制冷系统性能的影响较大,而低温蒸发器进水温度对制冷系统性能的影响较小。其中,冷凝器进水温度每降低5℃,制冷系统COP增加0.44;高温蒸发器进水温度每升高2℃,制冷系统COP增加0.16。结果可供双蒸发压缩/喷射制冷系统的设计和运行参考。     

丙烷制冷系统分析调整

萨南浅冷丙烷制冷系统在运行期间出现丙烷减少快、蒸发器无液位及丙烷吸入温度低但天然气制冷温度高情况。本文对这几种情况进行分析,采取措施进行调整,找出导致出现以上问题的原因,为其他同类装置运行调整提供了可借鉴的经验材料。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.